Chapter 18 Question Practice

The responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone is determined by: The concentration of the hormone in the blood The number of hormone receptors on the target cell Influences exerted by other hormones All of these determine the responsiveness of a target

All of these determine the responsiveness of a target

Which of the following glands are not exclusively classified as endocrine glands but contain hormone secreting cells? Hypothalamus Pancreas Ovaries Kidneys All of these glands are correct.

All of these glands are correct.

Which of the following hormone interactions is mismatched? Effects of epinephrine in stimulating lipolysis is increased when small amounts of thyroid hormones are present. - Permissive effect Two hormones acting together exert a greater effect than either acting alone - Synergistic effect Insulin promotes synthesis of glycogen by liver cells while glucagon stimulates glycogen break down in liver. - Antagonistic effect Development of oocytes in ovaries requires both follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen - Permissive effect

Development of oocytes in ovaries requires both follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen - Permissive effect

Which of the following statements is incorrect? Down-regulation may occur if a hormone is present in excess. Down- regulation results in an increase in the number of target-cell receptors. In up-regulation, a target cell becomes more sensitive to a hormone. If a hormone is present in excess, the number of target cell receptors decreases.

Down- regulation results in an increase in the number of target-cell receptors.

Which of the following statements is incorrect? The hypothalamo hypophyseal tract extends from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei to the posterior pituitary. The supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus secrete antidiuretic hormone. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones are released into the capillary plexus of the infundibular process of the anterior pituitary.

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones are released into the capillary plexus of the infundibular process of the anterior pituitary.

Which statement is not true of the interplay between PTH and calcitriol? calcitriol increases calcium absorption from foods PTH increases resorption of bone high blood calcium levels increases calcitonin release PTH decreases vitamin D levels PTH raises blood calcium levels

PTH decreases vitamin D levels

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect? The nervous and endocrine systems act together to help to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system acts through nerve impulses while the endocrine system uses hormones to control body activities. The endocrine uses neurotransmitters for communication while the nervous system communicates using hormones. Neurotransmitters and hormones may both exert effects by binding to target cell receptors. The endocrine system responds slowly while the nervous system responds quickly.

The endocrine uses neurotransmitters for communication while the nervous system communicates using hormones.

Paracrines are secreted into the blood stream are secreted into a duct act on the neighboring cell act on the cell that secreted them

act on the neighboring cell

Which of the following is NOT derived from ectoderm? anterior pituitary posterior pituitary adrenal cortex adrenal medulla pineal

adrenal cortex

Which of the following is not true of the prostaglandins? decrease pain sensitivity promote fever derived from arachidonic acid alter smooth muscle contraction promote fever and alter smooth muscle contraction

decrease pain sensitivity

The fight-or-flight response produces all of the following except: increased heart rate and force of contraction dilation of vessels to the digestive organs increase in blood pressure decreased urinary activity increased glycogenolysis

dilation of vessels to the digestive organs

Which hormone is not matched correctly with its principal action? gastrin - increases stomach movement erythropoietin (EPO) - increases white blood cell production leptin - suppresses appetite atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - lowers blood pressure estrogens - prepare mammary gland to secrete milk

erythropoietin (EPO) - increases white blood cell production

Local hormone can be divided into two large classes: lipid soluble such as nitric oxide and water soluble hormones such as thyroid hormones. True False

false

As we age, the decrease of which hormone is associated with the loss of muscle tissue? cortisol aldosterone human growth hormone estrogen thyroxine

human growth hormone

Which of the following is a true statement? the levels of glucagon and insulin are based on a positive feedback system hyperglycemia stimulates release of glucagon insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis glucagon stimulates kidney cells to releases glucose into the blood blood amino acid level is the most important regulator of insulin and glucagon

insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis

Which of the following hormones contributes to setting the circadian rhythm? insulin melatonin somatomedin epinephrine

melatonin

Which of the following is not a true statement? most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system secretion of hormones occurs in short bursts signals from the nervous system regulate hormone secretion chemical changes in the blood may determine concentration of hormone release regulation of secretion prevents overproduction of a hormone

most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system

The two major systems that act together to coordinate functions of all body systems are the: cardiovascular and nervous systems endocrine and excretory systems nervous and endocrine systems nervous and respiratory systems

nervous and endocrine systems

Relaxin is produced by the testis ovaries liver uterus

ovaries

Which gland or organ is not strictly classified as an endocrine gland? thyroid gland adrenal gland pancreas pineal gland pituitary gland

pancreas

Which gland is divided into two distinct functional units? thyroid pineal pituitary thalamus hypothalamus

pituitary

Which of the following statements is not true about the thyroid gland? most of the gland is made up of sacs called thyroid follicles the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine the lobes are connected by an isthmus it is the only endocrine gland that stores hormones in large amounts hormones secreted control the basal metabolic rate (BMR)

the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine

Which of the following does not influence the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone? the number of receptors on the target cell the temperature of the tissue the presence and effects of other hormones the concentration of the hormone previous exposure to a hormone

the temperature of the tissue

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones control the release and suppression of hormones from the anterior pituitary. True False

true

Most water soluble hormones circulate freely in blood plasma while most lipid soluble hormones are transported bound to transport proteins. True False

true

The posterior pituitary contains hypothalamic neurosecretory cells and stores and releases hormones while the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones. True False

true

Three types of signals that control hormone secretion are nervous system signals, chemical changes in blood, and other hormones. True False

true