Chapter 18: The New South and The New West

As many as 25 percent of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were:

African American.

Why was the expansion of railroads significant to the growth of the cattle industry?

As the railroads increased the ability to ship huge numbers of western cattle, more cow towns were established in the West.

Because of high cotton prices, many sharecroppers were able to save money and buy farms.

False

Ellis Island was built by New York City primarily to handle an influx of Asian immigration.

False

Politics in the late nineteenth century was dominated by a series of strong presidents.

False

Tenement housing gave city dwellers substantially healthier and more comfortable living conditions.

False

The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged the development of thriving western farms.

False

The frontier Indian wars began with the closing of the frontier in 1890.

False

The main goal in passing the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to swindle the Indians out of their remaining lands.

False

The peak decade of immigration was the 1890's.

False

Women in the western territories and states were the last to get he right to vote.

False

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?

It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals.

Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the South"?

It was an iron center.

The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to U.S. domination was the:

Sioux

By 1900, lumber in the South had surpassed textiles in value.

True

By 1920, more than half the U.S population was urban.

True

Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" put forward the theory of evolution.

True

In major cities, politics was often a form of public entertainment.

True

In the 1880s, southern politics remained surprisingly open and democratic.

True

In the crop-linen system, farmers could grow little besides cotton, tobacco, or some other staple crop.

True

In the croplien system, farmers could grow little besides cotton, tobacco, or some other staple crop.

True

One major task in big cities was disposing of horse waste.

True

Saloons were the poor man's social clubs during the late nineteenth century.

True

The Indian wars effectively ended with the capture of Geronimo, a chief of the Chiricahua Apaches.

True

The number of cotton mills in the South more than doubled between 1880 and 1900.

True

The spread of mass transit was a major factor in the growth of the suburbs.

True

What was a "fiftyniner"?

a miner who came to Colorado following several new discoveries made in 1859

The Comstock Lode refers to:

a mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada

The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of:

capital

Range wars erupted by the late nineteenth century because of:

conflicts over land and water rights between ranchers and farmers

Cattle drives:

cowboys herded cattle to Northern plains

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was:

declared unconstitutional.

The American Tobacco Company:

dominated the U.S. tobacco industry by the twentieth century.

As railroads brought piles of lumber to the West:

farmers could upgrade their houses

"Furnishing" merchants provided the following services:

food, clothing, seed, and other items on credit

Proponents of the New South believed that the South should:

industrialize

The conventional explanation that the buffalo disappeared from the plains due to overhunting by whites in the West is incomplete because:

it does not account for environmental factors, such as changes in climate and competition for forage with other animals

The so-called frontier thesis is problematic because, among other things:

it exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women

Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because:

it relied too much upon King Cotton

If there had been no white hunters in the West, the buffalo:

population would still have experienced a devastating decline

In much of the nineteenth century, women in Texas were legally prohibited from:

serving on juries

All of the following groups were prominent in the West during the late nineteenth century EXCEPT:

slaves.

As railroads spread into Texas and across the plains, the cattle business:

spread with them.

The Mississippi Plan:

stripped blacks of their civil rights

In 1877, President Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with Native Americans, saying:

"Many, if not most of our Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part"

The first great cow town was:

Abilene, Kansas

Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because:

Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican

The rise of the cattle industry:

Extension of railroads from Chicago/St. Louis to Kansas • McCoy thought Rails could bring cattle from Texas ranches to meat-hungry eastern cities • His plan turned cattle ranching into a very profitable business ○ These cattle were sold for 10x their original price often • For 20 years the cattle industry continued to "boom" ○ As rails extended farther west and south into Texas long drives grew shorter The future the industry looked great • Long drives were the transport of cattle from one destination to another • Cowhands only had to drive the cattle's north from Texas why did cattle industry rise

The major champion of the New South gospel was:

Henry W. Grady.

Why was Helen Hunt Jackson's book A Century of Dishonor so influential?

It affected American attitudes toward Indians in a way similar to how Uncle Tom's Cabin mobilized the abolitionist movement a generation earlier.

Why was the Fort Laramie Treaty, signed in 1851, significant to westward expansion?

It allowed white emigrants to travel on the trails of Plains Indians unmolested.

Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?

It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland.

Who was a prominent southern tobacco executive during the late nineteenth century?

James Buchanan Duke

Who was a prominent tobacco executive in the South during the late nineteenth century?

James Buchanan Duke

The open range meant:

Open range meant no dividers between ranches. In the spring the ranchers would round up their cattle and see which ones were theirs by the brands on them. But with the invention of barbed wire fencing, a cheap and easy way to keep cattle separate, open range farming came to an end and cattle raising became an industry dominated by big business just like it did to farming.

Why did tenant farmers have no incentive to take care of the farmland that they were on?

They did not own the land on which they farmed.

In the battle at the Little Bighorn River in 1876:

armed engagement between a Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. It occurred on June 25 and June 26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in eastern Montana Territory, near what is now Crow Agency, Montana. The battle was the most famous action of the Great Sioux War of 1876-77

Violence in the mining towns was:

as common as racial prejudice

In the late 1800s, the South experienced major increases in the production of all of the following areas EXCEPT:

automobiles.

King Cotton survived the Civil War and expanded over new acreage:

because traditional overplanting of the crop continued.

Redeemers were all of the following EXCEPT:

blacks

The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women:

more equal partners than were their eastern counterparts.

Joseph Glidden:

perfected the invention of barbed wire

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that:

the frontier shaped America's national character.

In the landmark case Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Gravel Mining Company:

the judge ruled on the legality of dumping mining debris in water sources

By the late nineteenth century, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed:

the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths

The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because:

they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies

Black migrants to the West were called "Exodusters" because:

they were often making their exodus from the South

Congress passed the Homestead Act:

to encourage settlement of the western lands

Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was:

to persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations

Cow town refers to:

towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry

"Cowtown" refers to:

towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry.

The factor most responsible for making farming on the plains more difficult was its:

unforgiving environment and mercurial weather.

Benjamin Singleton:

was an early promoter of black migration to the West

This export crop spurred growth in agriculture in the West during the late nineteenth century.

wheat

Buffalo soldiers were:

white hunters who killed millions of buffalo

The New South gospel emphasized all the following EXCEPT:

women's rights.