Chapter 19

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body

-experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. -experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. -accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. -increases water intake.

Materials can move across capillary walls by

-reabsorption. -diffusion. -filtration.

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

RBCs move single file through this structure.

capillary

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2 levels? (Module 19.11C)

decreases CO2 levels

Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?

decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

All of the following occur after hemorrhage, except

increase in blood pressure.

A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause

increased blood pH.

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.

internal jugular

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the

left atrium.

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

Capillaries

Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava?

It is considered a large vein.

Name the immediate and long-term problems related to hemorrhage. (Module 19.13B)

The immediate problem related to hemorrhage is maintaining adequate blood pressure and peripheral blood flow. The long-term problems related to hemorrhage is to restore normal blood volume.

Describe the respiratory pump. (Module 19.12A)

The respiratory pump is a mechanism by which a reduction of pressure in the thoracic cavity during inhalation assists venous return to the heart.

Where are chemoreceptors that detect changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, or pH levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid located? (Module 19.11A)

They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies.

Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries? (Module 19.4A)

Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is

atrioventricular septal defect

All of the following occur during exercise except

blood flow to skin decreases.

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?

circulatory shock

Veins of the brain empty into

dural sinuses

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

interna carotid

An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the ________ circuit.

oxygenated: systemic

A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?

patent ductus arteriosus

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit? (Module 19.1C)

right atrium Submit

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

right atrium.

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

right ventricle.

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

Where is the majority of blood volume located during rest?

systemic venous system

Vasculogenesis refers to

the formation of the first vessels.

Angiogenesis refers to

the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except

the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

List the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance. (Module 19.6A)

vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel luminal diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence

The most common congenital heart defect is

ventricular septal defect.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

Define edema. (Module 19.8B)

Edema is an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in peripheral tissues.

Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A)

aorta

Which is greater: arterial pressure or venous pressure? (Module 19.5B)

arterial pressure

List the five general classes of blood vessels. (Module 19.2A)

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?

channeling blood away from the heart

Capillaries that contain pores that penetrate the endothelial cells are called

fenestrated capillaries.

Arterioles __________.

have a poorly defined tunica externa

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

The superior vena cava collect blood from the

head, chest, and upper limbs.