Chapter 19

Robert Fulton

created the first paddle wheel steamboat named "Clermont" *S1*

William I of Prussia/Germany

conservative, militant, appointed Otto von Bismarck, tried to enlarge the Prussian army *S3*

Kaiser

German word for emperor or caesar *S3*

Socialism

when the govt. controls income and production of goods *S1*

Factory System (conditions)

Dirty, dangerous, polluted, unsanitary, bad hours, horrible place to work *S1*

___ is based on tradition and stability.

Conservatism

Who classified the material elements known in the 1860's based on their atomic weights?

Dmitri Mendeleyev

Organic Evolution

Each species or kind of plant or animal had evolved from simpler forms of life *S4*

From where did labor for the factories in the United States mostly come?

Farm population

Louis Pasteur

French biologist who proposed the germ theory of disease, "pasteurization" comes from his name and studies *S4*

Which engineer improved the steam engine so it could drive machinery?

James Watt

Who was the most influential leader at the Congress os Vienna meeting in 1841?

Klemens von Metternich

___ evolution means that plant and animal species have evolved over a long period of time from earlier, simpler forms.

Organic

Who was the politician known for practicing realpolitik?

Otto von Bismarck

How far south did the revolutions of 1848-1849 extend?

Palermo, Italy

What did the romantics view as the direct expression of the soul?

Poetry

Klemens von Metternich

Prince of Austria and most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna, wanted the principle of legitimacy to be integrated into all European countries *S2*

___ was a movement that emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as a source of knowledge.

Romanticism

Crimean War (effect on Europe)

Russia vs. the Ottoman Empire, destroyed alliance *S3*

Why did literary realists of the mid-nineteenth century prefer novels to poems?

They could express their social views through their characters

Why did the liberals favor a constitutional based govt.?

To guarantee the rights they sought to preserve

Principle of Intervention

adopted by the great powers at the Congress of Vienna, means the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their rightful throne *S2*

What ideology or ideologies were behind the 1830 revolutions?

liberalism and nationalism

Queen Victoria

longest monarch to ever rule Britain, Victorian age named after her, exhibited national pride and was loved by her people *S3*

Modified Steam Engine

now driven by a machine *S1*

Charles Darwin

organic evolution, natural selection *S4*

Another word for 'popular' vote is ___.

plebiscite

Liberalism

political philosophy grown out of the enlightenment, people should be "as free as possible" from govt. restraint *S2*

What was the largest problem in czarist Russia in the nineteenth century?

serfdom

Under ___, the public- generally the government- owns the means of production.

socialism

Industrial Revolution

started in Great Britain and took several decades to expand to other Western nations, factors that contributed to the beginning of it: agrarian revolution, increased food supply, Britain's capital, Britain's plentiful natural resources, supply of markets for manufacturers to make an outlet for their goods *S1*

Realism

the belief that the world should be shown realistically, especially evident in writing and art *S4*

Principle of Legitimacy

the principle that claimed that any monarch or successor of that monarch that had been put out out power by Napoleon could take their rightful place as king/queen *S2*

Why were factory workers forced the work in shifts?

to keep machines producing at a steady race

Camillo di Cavour

wanted Italian unification *S3*