Chapter 19: Blood

their blood lacks A, B, or Rh surface antigens

People with type "O-" blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. a) they usually have very strong red blood cells b) their blood lacks A and B agglutinins c) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins d) their blood lacks A and B antigens

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because a) dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. b) red blood cells are green when they leave circulation. c) hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. d) bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has built-up in the bruise. e) the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

embolus.

A moving blood clot is called a(n) a) platelet plug. b) procoagulant. c) embolus. d) thrombus. e) plaque.

hypovolemic.

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be a) hypovolemic. b) isovolemic. c) normovolemic. d) antivolemic. e) hypervolemic

B positive

A person with a type A positive blood type can safely receive blood from all of these donors except __________. a) O positive b) B positive c) A negative d) A positive

fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is a) immunoglobulin A. b) fibrinogen. c) metalloprotein D .d) lipoprotein C. e) albumin alpha.

clots slowly dissolve

During fibrinolysis __________. a) damaged tissue is pulled together b) fibrinogen is activated c) emboli form d) clots slowly dissolve

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

People with type AB+ blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because a) their blood cells lack A and B antigens. b) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins. c) they are usually Rh negative. d) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. e) they usually have very strong immune systems

immunoglobulins

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the a) albumins. b) fibrinogens. c) lipoproteins. d) immunoglobulins. e) metalloproteins

megakaryocytes

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called a) myeloblasts. b) erythroblasts. c) lymphoblasts. d) megakaryocytes. e) normoblasts

recycled to the red bone marrow.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is a) excreted by the intestines. b) recycled to the red bone marrow. c) excreted by the liver. d) stored in yellow bone marrow. e) excreted by the kidneys.

the liver.

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by a) platelets. b) the liver. c) megakaryocytes. d) the spleen. e) the kidneys.

neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? a) basophils and eosinophils b) neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes c) lymphocytes d) lymphocytes and monocytes e) platelets

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Platelets areANSWER: cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. red cells that lack a nucleus. blue cells that have a nucleus. tiny cells with a polynucleus. large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus.

erythropoietin.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone a) thymosin. b) erythropoietin. c) renin. d) angiotensin. e) M-CSF.

fibrinogen

Serum can't coagulate because the __________ has been removed. a) fibrinogen b) albumin c) immunoglobulin d) protein C

hemorrhage.

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of a) thrombocytopenia. b) starvation. c) acidosis. d) hemorrhage. e) anemia.

monocyte

The agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the __________. a) neutrophil b) monocyte c) lymphocyte d) eosinophil

lymphocytes

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the: a) erythrocytes b) lymphocytes c) monocytes d) basophils e) neutrophils

concentration of proteins.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the a) concentration of proteins. b) concentration of water. c) concentration of nitrogen wastes. d) concentration of glucose. e) concentration of electrolytes

whole blood.

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called a) extracellular fluid .b) packed blood. c) lymph .d) whole blood. e) serum

conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________. a) release of PF-3 b) adhesion of platelets to a damaged vessel wall c) positive feedback of thrombin formation d) conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the a) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. b) release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. c) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. d) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen. e) conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase.

coagulation

The complex process that leads to the formation of fibrin from fibrinogen is called __________. a) syneresis b) fibrinogenesis c) platelet adhesion d) coagulation

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if a) there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. b) hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene. c) the diet is deficient in iron. d) a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. e) red blood cells bind too much oxygen.

red bone marrow

The formed elements are largely produced within the __________. a) spleen b) red bone marrow c) thymus d) liver

carry dissolved blood gases.

The function of hemoglobin is to a) carry dissolved blood gases. b) carry bicarbonate ion. c) stimulate erythropoiesis. d) produce antibodies. e) aid in the process of blood clotting.

process called hemostasis.

The function of platelets is to assist in the a) immune response during an infection. b) transport of blood gases such as oxygen. c) destruction of bacteria. d) removal of worn out red blood cells. e) process called hemostasis.

e) All of the answers are correct

An infected wound contains typically contains a) tissue fluids. b) dead neutrophils. c) cellular debris. d) pus. e) All of the answers are correct

increased erythropoiesis.

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in a) increased erythropoiesis. b) decreased erythropoiesis. c) renal anemia. d) increased sensitivity to vitamin K e) pernicious anemia.

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of a) all Rh negative individuals. b) all individuals with type AB blood. c) Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. d) Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. e) all Rh positive individuals.

Bill's plasma contains B antibodies

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means a) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type O blood. b) Bill could receive type B-negative blood in a transfusion. c) Bill is Rh positive. d) Bill's red blood cells contain the O surface antigen. e) Bill's plasma contains B antibodies

iron.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of a) iron. b) magnesium. c) copper. d) calcium. e) sodium.

four iron atoms.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains a) one alpha and one beta chain. b) four alpha chains. c) four iron atoms. d) one heme group. e) a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide

viscosity about the same as water.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a a) deep red color from hemoglobin. b) viscosity about the same as water. c) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. d) pH of 7.4.e) built-in system for clotting.

destroying antibody-labeled antigens

Eosinophils function in: a) destroying antibody-labeled antigens b) production of surface antigens for red blood cells c) antibody production d) production of heparin e) blood coagulation

red bone marrow.

Granulocytes form in a) red bone marrow. b) the thymus. c) the intestines. d) yellow bone marrow.e) the spleen

activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the a) activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen. b) release of heparin from the liver. c) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. d) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. e) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue

during periods of fasting

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except a) during periods of fasting. b) as a consequence of hemorrhage. c) at high altitudes. d) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. e) during anemia.

Water

The most abundant component of plasma is a) nutrients. b) ions. c) gases. d) proteins. e) water.

protein

The most abundant solute in plasma is __________. a) sodium ion b) dissolved gases c) glucose d) protein

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the a) neutrophils. b) lymphocytes. c) eosinophils. d) basophils. e) monocytes

hematocrit.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the a) packed volume. b) hematocrit. c) viscosity. d) specific gravity. e) differential cell count.

erythropoiesis.

The process of red blood cell production is called a) erythropenia. b) hemocytosis. c) hematopenia. d) erythropoiesis.

heme molecules lacking iron.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from a) heme molecules lacking iron. b) abnormal proteins found in red blood cells. c) globin chains of hemoglobin d) iron found in hemoglobin molecules. e) heme molecules plus iron

neutrophils

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. a) neutrophils b) monocytes c) eosinophils d) lymphocytes

metalloprotein

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? a) metalloprotein b) hormone-binding protein c) transport albumin d) steroid-binding protein e) apolipoprotein

e) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a function of the blood? a.)defense against toxins and pathogens b.) transport of gases c.) transport of body heat d.) transport of nutrients and wastes e) All of the answers are correct.

vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors? a) vitamin D b) vitamin K c) vitamin E d) vitamin A e) vitamin B

O

Which of these is not a surface antigen found on red blood cells?a) Rh b) A c) O d) B

antibodies

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? a) antibodies b) lymphocytes c) basophils d) platelets e) RBCs

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? a) heart b) pancreas c) kidney d) brain e) liver

albumin

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? a) gamma globulin b) translipin c) albumin d) hormone-binding protein e) steroid-binding protein

eosinophils

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the a) neutrophils. b) lymphocytes. c) basophils.d) monocytes. e) eosinophils.

basophils.

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are a) monocytes. b) basophils. c) neutrophils. d) lymphocytes. e) eosinophils.

Monocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. a) Neutrophils b) Eosinophils c) Basophils d) Lymphocytes e) Monocytes