Chapter 19 Example Questions
The first uterine cycle occurs with the ________. A) menopause B) oogenesis C) climacteric D) perimenopause E) menarche
E) menarche
Capacitation A) is stimulated by a substance secreted by the epididymis. B) immobilizes sperm. C) is responsible for the physical maturation of sperm. D) occurs only within the male reproductive tract. E) occurs after spermatozoa mix with secretions of the seminal glands.
E) occurs after spermatozoa mix with secretions of the seminal glands.
The female gonad is called a(n) ________. A) vestibule B) fallopian tube C) vagina D) clitoris E) ovary
E) ovary
The waxy material known as smegma is secreted by the ________. A) bulbo-urethral glands B) prostate gland C) seminal glands D) seminiferous tubules E) preputial glands
E) preputial glands
Match the hormone in the first column with its primary effect in the second column. _____ 1. estrogen _____ 2. inhibin _____ 3. androgen _____ 4. luteinizing hormone _____ 5. gonadotropin-releasing hormone A. maintains secondary sex characteristics B. stimulates interstitial cells C. inhibits secretion of FSH D. stimulates LH secretion E. stimulates FSH secretion
1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B, 5-E
The hormone responsible for initiating a male's sexual maturation and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics is A) testosterone. B) ICSH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) gonadotropin.
A) testosterone.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is A) FSH. B) LH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) GH.
A) FSH.
Choose the correct statement regarding semen. A) The fluid component of semen is a mixture of glandular secretions with a distinct ionic and nutrient composition. B) Seminal fluid contains a prostatic enzyme, which functions in liquefying clotted semen. C) Of the total volume of seminal fluid, the prostate contributes about 60 percent. D) Seminal fluid contains an abundant amount of a waxy material called smegma. E) A normal sperm count ranges from 5 million to 15 million spermatozoa per milliliter of semen.
A) The fluid component of semen is a mixture of glandular secretions with a distinct ionic and nutrient composition.
The vestibule is A) a central space surrounded by the labia minora. B) the inner lining of the uterus. C) the inferior portion of the uterus. D) a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. E) a tube that carries ova from the ovary to the uterus.
A) a central space surrounded by the labia minora.
The interstitial cells of the testes secrete which reproductive hormone(s)? A) androgens B) FSH C) estrogens D) GnRH E) progestins
A) androgens
Spermatogenesis begins A) at puberty. B) during embryogenesis. C) at birth. D) at age 3. E) at age 7.
A) at puberty.
Which uterine layer consists of a superficial functional zone and a deeper basilar zone? A) endometrium B) cervix C) myometrium D) internal os E) perimetrium
A) endometrium
"Hot flashes" in menopause typically begin while levels of ________ are declining. A) estrogen B) GnRH C) LH D) FSH E) progesterone
A) estrogen
The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) LH. D) FSH. E) gonadotropin.
A) estrogen.
Identify the notable risk factor associated with breast cancer. A) family history of breast cancer B) poor diet C) pregnancy before age 21 D) late menarche E) early menopause
A) family history of breast cancer
The increase in FSH that occurs by day 5 of the ovarian cycle triggers A) formation of a tertiary follicle. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) pregnancy.
A) formation of a tertiary follicle.
Menstruation A) is the process of shedding of tissue until the entire functional zone has been lost. B) cannot occur if uterine inflammation exists. C) usually lasts eight to eleven days. D) usually results in the loss of 500 - 750 ml of blood. E) cannot continue if myometrial contractions occur.
A) is the process of shedding of tissue until the entire functional zone has been lost.
Both centrioles of the spermatid are found in the ________. A) neck B) head C) tail D) middle piece E) acrosome
A) neck
Parasympathetic innervation of the penile arteries involves neurons that release ________ at their synaptic terminals. A) nitric oxide B) dopamine C) serotonin D) acetylcholine E) norepinephrine
A) nitric oxide
Contraction of the cremaster muscle A) occurs when the testes are suddenly exposed to a cold environment. B) produces an erection. C) propels sperm through the urethra. D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens. E) moves the testes closer to the body cavity.
A) occurs when the testes are suddenly exposed to a cold environment.
The process of oogenesis produces ________ viable ovum/ova. A) one B) two C) three D) four E) eight
A) one
The vagina A) serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids. B) is homologous to the male scrotum. C) is normally bacteria-free. D) forms the upper portion of the birth canal. E) is lined by an endometrium.
A) serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids.
Undifferentiated spermatogenic stem cells are called A) spermatogonia. B) spermatids. C) primary spermatocytes. D) secondary spermatocytes. E) sperm.
A) spermatogonia.
The role of the pituitary hormone LH in males is to A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. B) stimulate the sustentacular cells to produce inhibin. C) initiate sperm production in the testes. D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics. E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.
A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
The process of arousal is under the control of A) the parasympathetic nervous system. B) the sympathetic nervous system. C) both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) the central and parasympathetic nervous systems. E) the central nervous system only.
A) the parasympathetic nervous system.
Currently, approximately how many bacterial, viral, and fungal infections are characterized as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? A) 5 B) 24 C) 15 D) 50 E) 10
B) 24
The fluids contributed by the seminiferous tubules and epididymis account for about how much of the volume of semen? A) 75% B) 5% C) 50% D) 10% E) 25%
B) 5%
________ is characterized by failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth. A) Impotence B) Cryptorchidism C) Sterility D) Incontinence E) Erectile dysfunction
B) Cryptorchidism
Cessation of the normal adult menstrual cycle for six months or more is termed A) dysfunction. B) amenorrhea. C) menarche. D) puberty. E) dysmenorrhea.
B) amenorrhea.
In adult males, the testes secrete ________. A) estrogens B) androgens C) FH and GnRH D) progesterone E) LSH and FH
B) androgens
Emission A) occurs under parasympathetic stimulation. B) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens. C) is responsible for propelling spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract. D) involves contractions of the cremaster muscle. E) is associated with orgasm.
B) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens.
The largest division of the uterus is the ________. A) vagina B) body C) isthmus D) cervix E) internal os
B) body
To become active, motile, and fully functional, sperm cells must undergo the process of ________. A) emission B) capacitation C) mitosis D) meiosis I E) fertilization
B) capacitation
The female structure that is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males is the A) vagina. B) clitoris. C) vestibule. D) labia minora. E) labia majora.
B) clitoris.
The shallow recess surrounding the cervical protrusion is known as the A) isthmus. B) fornix. C) fundus. D) body. E) os.
B) fornix.
During female sexual arousal, the ________, which resemble the male bulbo-urethral glands, discharge their secretions near the vaginal entrance. A) Cowper glands B) greater vestibular glands C) lactiferous glands D) lesser vestibular glands E) lactiferous sinuses
B) greater vestibular glands
In females, engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris is due to ________. A) parasympathetic inhibition B) parasympathetic activation C) central nervous system activation D) emission E) ejaculation
B) parasympathetic activation
Seminalplasmin, an antibiotic that may help prevent urinary tract infections in males, is present in fluid secretions from the ________. A) seminal gland B) prostate gland C) bulbo-urethral glands D) ductus deferens E) seminiferous tubules
B) prostate gland
Which of the following begins at ovulation and persists as long as the corpus luteum remains intact? A) menarche B) secretory phase C) functional phase D) menstruation E) proliferative phase
B) secretory phase
Sperm production occurs in the A) ductus deferens. B) seminiferous tubules. C) epididymis. D) seminal vesicles. E) rete testis.
B) seminiferous tubules.
The primary organ(s) of the male reproductive system is(are) the ________. A) prostate B) testes C) bulbo-urethral glands D) epididymis E) glans
B) testes
The process of emission is under the control of A) the parasympathetic nervous system. B) the sympathetic nervous system. C) both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) the central nervous system. E) the central and parasympathetic nervous systems.
B) the sympathetic nervous system.
Each testis is wrapped in a dense fibrous capsule called the ________. A) rete testes B) tunica albuginea C) septa D) ductus deferens E) dartos muscle
B) tunica albuginea
In males, meiosis involves ________ cycle(s) of cell division and produces ________ cells, or gametes, each containing 23 individual chromosomes. A) one; four B) two; four C) one; six D) two; two E) four; four
B) two; four
Which structure(s) in the female has(have) the same embryological origin as the corpus spongiosum in males? A) hymen B) vestibular bulbs C) clitoris D) fornix E) vagina
B) vestibular bulbs
During the male climacteric, A) sperm production ceases. B) the penis shrinks. C) FSH and LH levels rise. D) sexual activity increases. E) circulating testosterone levels increase
C) FSH and LH levels rise.
A massive release, or surge, of ________ from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland triggers ovulation. A) gonadotropin B) FSH C) LH D) estrogen E) progesterone
C) LH
________ are produced at the end of the meiotic divisions in the seminiferous tubules. A) Spermatogonia B) Primary spermatocytes C) Spermatids D) Secondary spermatocytes E) Spermatozoa
C) Spermatids
Marissa is an avid marathon runner, and she trains incessantly. She has slimmed down so that she is now underweight for her height and has very little fat tissue. One would expect Marissa to A) have heavy menstrual flows. B) ovulate continuously. C) be amenorrheic (have no monthly menstrual flow). D) have painful menstrual cramps. E) show elevated levels of FSH.
C) be amenorrheic (have no monthly menstrual flow).
The tubular structure of the uterus that projects a short distance into the vagina is called the A) urethra. B) ejaculatory duct. C) cervix. D) perimetrium. E) isthmus.
C) cervix.
The ________ is a layer of follicle cells that surrounds the oocyte on day 14 of a 28-day cycle. A) antrum B) zona pellucida C) corona radiata D) corpus albicans E) isthmus
C) corona radiata
The portion of erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the A) prepuce. B) glans. C) corpus spongiosum. D) corpora cavernosa. E) corona radiata.
C) corpus spongiosum.
The muscle in the wall of the scrotum is the A) cremaster muscle. B) myometrium. C) dartos muscle. D) detrusor muscle. E) external os.
C) dartos muscle.
The secretion of the seminal vesicles contains ________, which forms a temporary semen clot within the vagina after ejaculation. A) fructose B) prostaglandin C) fibrinogen D) seminalplasmin E) urine
C) fibrinogen
How many spermatids are produced after the completion of meiosis II during spermatogenesis? A) one B) two C) four D) six E) eight
C) four
In females, mammary glands are specialized organs of the ________ system that are controlled by hormones of the reproductive system. A) endocrine B) nervous C) integumentary D) muscular E) skeletal
C) integumentary
The layer of visceral peritoneum of the uterine wall is called the ________. A) isthmus B) endometrium C) perimetrium D) myometrium E) internal os
C) perimetrium
Spermatozoa are moved along the ductus deferens by A) hydrostatic force. B) ciliary action. C) peristaltic contractions. D) suction. E) guide cells.
C) peristaltic contractions.
The most commonly prescribed oral contraceptives use small amounts of estrogen, or only A) synthetic androgens. B) gonadotropins. C) progesterone. D) FSH and LH. E) LH.
C) progesterone.
The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy, is A) LH. B) FSH. C) progesterone. D) estradiol. E) estrogen.
C) progesterone.
The phase of the uterine cycle that begins in the days following the completion of menses as the surviving epithelial cells multiply and spread across the surface of the endometrium is the ________ phase. A) pre-ovulatory B) secretory C) proliferative D) puerperal E) meiosis
C) proliferative
Slender, tightly coiled tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the A) epididymis. B) ductus deferens. C) rete testis. D) efferent ducts. E) ejaculatory ducts.
C) rete testis.
In spermiogenesis, the small, relatively unspecialized gametes that physically mature are called A) spermatogonia. B) secondary spermatocytes. C) spermatids. D) spermatozoa. E) nurse cells.
C) spermatids.
During the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, A) ovulation occurs. B) a new functional layer is formed in the vagina. C) uterine glands enlarge. D) the old functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off. E) the corpus albicans releases hormones.
C) uterine glands enlarge.
Removal of the seminal glands would result in semen A) that lacked sperm. B) with a higher-than-normal pH. C) with less fructose. D) with no lubricating fluids. E) that lacked androgens.
C) with less fructose.
During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, LH levels remain elevated for ________, long enough to stimulate the formation of a functional corpus luteum. A) 5 days B) 24 hours C) 7 days D) 2 days E) 6 hours
D) 2 days
The average length of the uterine (menstrual) cycle is ________ days. A) 5 B) 14 C) 20 D) 28 E) 37
D) 28
The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract. 1 - ductus deferens 2 - urethra 3 - ejaculatory duct 4 - epididymis The correct order in which spermatozoa pass through these structures from the testes to the penis is A) 1, 3, 4, 2. B) 4, 3, 1, 2. C) 4, 1, 2, 3. D) 4, 1, 3, 2. E) 1, 4, 3, 2.
D) 4, 1, 3, 2.
Regarding hormones and body temperature, which statement is true? A) Body temperature does not fluctuate during the monthly hormonal fluctuations. B) During the luteal phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3∘C lower than it is during the follicular phase. C) During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.5∘C higher than it is during the luteal phase. D) During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3∘C lower than it is during the luteal phase. E) During the luteal phase, when progesterone is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.8∘C higher than it is during the follicular phase.
D) During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3∘C lower than it is during the luteal phase.
The anterior enlargement of erectile tissue in females is known as the A) fornix. B) vestibule. C) hymen. D) clitoris. E) isthmus.
D) clitoris.
The anterior surface of the flaccid (nonerect) penis covers two cylindrical columns of erectile tissues called (the) A) glans penis. B) prepuce. C) corpus spongiosum. D) corpora cavernosa. E) penile urethra.
D) corpora cavernosa.
The inner lining of the uterus is called the ________. A) myometrium B) internal os C) perimetrium D) endometrium E) cervix
D) endometrium
Just prior to menses, A) ovulation occurs. B) a new uterine lining is formed. C) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. D) estrogen and progesterone levels drop. E) the corpus luteum is formed.
D) estrogen and progesterone levels drop.
The ________ are finger-like projections at the end of the uterine tube. A) internal os B) isthmus C) infundibulum D) fimbriae E) uterine glands
D) fimbriae
The elastic epithelial fold of variable size, which partially blocks the entrance to the vagina, is called the ________. A) fornix B) clitoris C) vestibule D) hymen E) labia minora
D) hymen
As secondary follicles develop, FSH levels decline due to the negative feedback effects of which hormone? A) LH B) progesterone C) GnRH D) inhibin E) estrogen
D) inhibin
Female orgasm is accompanied by peristaltic contractions of the uterine and vaginal walls and by rhythmic contractions of which of the following muscles? A) internal oblique and erector spinae B) ischiocavernosus and internal oblique C) erector spinae and ischiocavernosus D) ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus E) bulbospongiosus and internal oblique
D) ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
In the mammary glands, 15 to 30 of these expanded chambers open onto the surface of each nipple. A) lobes B) lobules C) lactiferous ducts D) lactiferous sinuses E) suspensory ligaments
D) lactiferous sinuses
The time in which ovulation and menstruation cease is called ________. A) oogenesis B) menarche C) andropause D) menopause E) climacteric
D) menopause
What is the function of the gonads? A) secrete fluids into the reproductive system ducts or other excretory ducts B) connect the uterus with the exterior C) receive and transport the gametes D) produce the gametes and hormones E) enclose and support a developing embryo
D) produce the gametes and hormones
The ovary does not release a mature gamete. Instead, a ________ is released. A) oocyte B) oogonia C) primary oocyte D) secondary oocyte E) zygote
D) secondary oocyte
The tubular gland that produces a secretion that contains fructose, is slightly alkaline, and contributes about 60 percent to the volume of the semen is the A) prostate gland. B) bulbourethral gland. C) corpus cavernosum. D) seminal vesicle. E) preputial gland.
D) seminal vesicle.
The physical maturation of sperm is called ________. A) meiosis I B) oogenesis C) spermatogonia mitosis D) spermiogenesis E) tetrad formation
D) spermiogenesis
Interstitial cells produce A) sperm. B) FSH. C) nutrients. D) testosterone. E) androgen-inhibiting protein.
D) testosterone.
The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the A) vagina. B) uterine tube. C) ovary. D) uterus. E) cervix.
D) uterus.
As in males, ________ from the hypothalamus regulates reproductive function in females; however, its levels change throughout the ovarian cycle. A) LH B) estrogen C) FSH D) progesterone E) GnRH
E) GnRH
Roughly twelve days after ovulation, the corpus luteum becomes nonfunctional and hypothalamic production of ________ increases. A) FSH B) progesterone C) estrogen D) LH E) GnRH
E) GnRH
Which anterior pituitary lobe hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes? A) FSH B) testosterone C) progesterone D) GnRH E) LH
E) LH
The reddish brown skin that surrounds the nipple is called the A) vestibule. B) fornix. C) zona pellucida. D) hymen. E) areola.
E) areola.
The small, paired glands at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating secretion are the A) seminal vesicles. B) prostate glands. C) preputial glands. D) Bartholin's glands. E) bulbourethral glands.
E) bulbourethral glands.
Unless fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum becomes scar tissue, which is known as the ________. A) follicular wall B) myometrium C) zona pellucida D) corona radiata E) corpus albicans
E) corpus albicans
Oogenesis begins A) by age 5. B) at puberty. C) by age 10. D) at birth. E) during embryonic development.
E) during embryonic development.
Maturing spermatozoa are stored primarily in the A) seminiferous tubules. B) straight tubules. C) lobules. D) interstitial areas. E) epididymis.
E) epididymis.
Menopause is accompanied by a decline in ________. A) GnRH and estrogen B) progesterone and FSH C) FSH and LH D) LH and progesterone E) estrogen and progesterone
E) estrogen and progesterone
Male ejaculation occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions appear in which of the following muscles? A) erector spinae and ischiocavernosus B) bulbospongiosus and internal oblique C) internal oblique and erector spinae D) ischiocavernosus and internal oblique E) ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
E) ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
Which of the following is(are) described as an adipose-containing, fleshy structure that encircles and partially conceals external genital structures? A) mons pubis B) vestibule C) clitoris D) labia minora E) labia majora
E) labia majora
Pelvic inflammatory disease A) cannot be caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. B) does not result in fever. C) can cause virility. D) can possibly lead to otitis. E) may result from invasion of the region by bacteria normally found within the vagina.
E) may result from invasion of the region by bacteria normally found within the vagina.
The proliferative phase of the uterine cycle continues until rising ________ levels mark the arrival of the secretory phase. A) GnRH B) FSH C) LH D) estrogen E) progesterone
E) progesterone
The ejaculatory duct in males is produced by the junction of the ductus deferens with the ________. A) seminiferous tubules B) prostate gland duct C) epididymis D) acrosomal cap E) seminal gland duct
E) seminal gland duct
The subsidence, known as detumescence in the male, is mediated by the ________. A) central nervous system B) central and sympathetic nervous systems C) parasympathetic nervous system D) central and parasympathetic nervous systems E) sympathetic nervous system
E) sympathetic nervous system
The most important androgen is ________. A) progesterone B) GnRH C) estrogen D) prostaglandin E) testosterone
E) testosterone