Chapter 19 Quiz

Which statement regarding acute glomerulonephritis developing after streptococcal infection is correct? -The glomerular filtration rate is increased, leading to excess loss of fluid and electrolytes in the urine. -Antigen-antibody complexes are filtered from the blood and accumulate within the walls of the glomerular capillaries where they incite an acute inflammation. -It results from a bacterial infection of the glomeruli. -It is usually associated with coexisting streptococcal infection of the bladder (cystitis).

*Antigen-antibody complexes* are filtered from the blood and accumulate within the walls of the glomerular capillaries where they incite an acute inflammation

What powerful vasoconstrictor raises the blood pressure by causing the peripheral arterioles to constrict? -Angiotensin-converting enzyme -Angiotensin I -Renin -Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II

The kidney possesses several regulatory mechanisms that aid in maintaining the proper pH and ionic concentration. Which of the following renal functions is not concerned with the regulation of acid-base balance? -Reabsorption of bicarbonate -Formation of bicarbonate -Excretion of urea and creatinine -Controls body water and electrolytes

Excretion of urea and creatinine

T/F: Cystitis most commonly affects children. However, with corticosteroid therapy, most children can recover completely

FALSE

T/F: Immune-complex glomerulonephritis is characterized by a relatively uniform layer of antibody and complement deposited along the inner surface of the glomerular basement membranes

FALSE

T/F: Over-hydration is more common than dehydration, as in excessive ingestion of water by someone with impaired renal function.

FALSE

T/F: The signs and symptoms of uremia begin to appear when 50% of renal function is lost

FALSE

A young woman experiences frequent urination with a burning sensation. Her urine contains many white blood cells and bacteria. There is no glucose or protein in the urine. What is the most likely cause of these manifestations?

Urinary tract infection

T/F: A patient who has had a kidney transplant must continue to take immunosuppressive drugs indefinitely to prevent rejection of the new kidney

TRUE

T/F: One of the less common ways for glomerulonephritis to develop is from an autoantibody directed against the basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries.

TRUE

T/F: The procedure called shock wave lithotripsy is a method used to eliminate kidney stones using shock waves

TRUE

What is the site where the afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole exits?

The vascular pole

What are important in controlling the concentration of body water and electrolytes?

Kidneys

Which of the following statements regarding the nephrotic syndrome is correct? -It is usually caused by a bacterial infection of the glomeruli, which impairs glomerular filtration. -Production of plasma proteins by the liver is impaired as a result of kidney disease. -It is usually caused by renal tubular disease, which prevents reabsorption of protein filtered by the glomeruli. -Protein is lost in the urine more rapidly than it can be produced by the liver and blood protein falls, which is responsible for the edema.

Protein is lost in the urine more rapidly than it can be produced by the liver and blood protein falls, which is responsible for the edema.

(Multiple): Metabolic alkalosis occurs in association with many diseases and conditions. Which of the following is usually associated with metabolic alkalosis? A. Excess loss of gastric juice due to vomiting B. Overproduction of ketone bodies C. Excess secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal glands D. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate or other antacids

A. Excess loss of gastric juice due to vomiting C. Excess secretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal glands D. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate or other antacids

Which of the following does NOT characterizes Wilms tumor? A. It is a highly malignant tumor of primitive cells B. It is a type of renal cortical adenoma C. It arises in the kidneys of infants and young children D. It can metastasize widely

B. It is a type of renal cortical adenoma

The major extracellular anions are which of the following?

Bicarbonate and chloride

If a patient complains of burning pain on urination and a desire to. urinate. frequently, this person should be checked for which condition?

Both pyelonephritis and cystitis

Which of the following statements about polycystic kidney disease is NOT correct? A. It is a very common hereditary disease that affects as many as 1 in 400 persons. B. The disease is characterized by disturbed proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, which leads to the formation of cysts C. About 85% of cases results from a mutation of PKD2 D. Two different genes, PKD1 and PKD2, are involved

C. About 85% of cases result from a mutation of PKD2

(Multiple): Which of the following is NOT a symptom of renal failure? A. Retention of water weight B. Anemia C. Diarrhea D. Weakness

C. Diarrhea

Renal agenesis can best be described as what?

Failure of one or both kidneys to develop

The concentration of electrolytes is commonly expressed in units that reflect the ability of positive and negative ions to combine with each other. What are the units of concentration that express this relationship? -All of these are correct. -Milliequivalents per liter of plasma -Milligrams per 100 ml of plasma -Milliosmoles per liter of plasma

Milliequivalents per liter of plasma