Chapter 19 Quiz

Agglutination, which occurs during transfusion reactions, is caused by binding between

RBC membrane antigens and plasma antibodies.

Which of the following is true for an individual with type A blood?

The individual can donate blood to type AB.

Which of the following is true for an individual with anti-A antibodies in the plasma?

The individual is blood type B.

What happens when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin?

a clot is formed

Red blood cells do not use any of the oxygen that they carry, because

hey lack miochondria to use oxygen for aerobic respiration.

After preliminary testing, a man who had had a stroke was given tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at the hospital. The reason for this treatment is that tPA

activates an enzyme that dissolves clots

In which choice are the major groups of plasma proteins listed in order from highest to lowest percent?

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

In a red blood cell, carbon dioxide is attached to the

amino acids of the globin subunits.

Blood test results for an adult male are returned and the total red blood cell count is 2,500,000 cells per mm3. This person

has an abnormally low total red blood cell count.

If someone has no megakaryocytes, he/she will

have a reduced ability to form blood clots.

A person with type O+ blood would

have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in his plasma.

A person's blood type is determined by

mixing the blood with different antibodies to see which ones cause the red blood cells to agglutinate.

A blood transfusion reaction will

occur when plasma antibodies contact red blood cells carrying the antigen with which they react.

If you have some blood from which the formed elements have been removed, how can you tell if it is plasma or serum?

plasma contains clotting proteins; serum does not

In which choice are the formed elements arranged in order of increasing size?

platelet, red blood cell, neutrophil

Which of these blood components is NOT involved in clotting?

potassium

Other than water, the next greatest component of plasma by weight is

protein

In which choice are the proteins listed in the order in which they are activated?

prothrombinase, thrombin, fibrin

A person who is Rh negative might form anti-Rh antibodies if she

receives a transfusion of Rh positive blood.

Which problem could NOT be caused by a deficiency of plasma proteins?

reduced ability to transport oxygen

Basophils

release histamine in areas of damaged tissue.

The buffy coat, a layer that appears when blood is centrifuged for determining the hematocrit, is made of

white blood cells and platelets

Once released from the bone marrow into the circulation, the average life span of a red blood cell is about

4 months

The average blood volume for an adult is about

5 liters

What percentage of body weight is blood?

8%

During platelet plug formation, platelets release these substances, which cause more platelets to adhere to the plug.

ADP and thromboxanes

Which statement concerning blood viscosity is correct?

Blood viscosity is due to the presence of the plasma proteins and erythrocytes.

What is the role of the nitric oxide (NO) carried by hemoglobin?

NO relaxes blood vessels and decreases blood pressure

Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) occurs when

anti-Rh antibodies from the maternal circulation cross the placenta and agglutinate the fetal red blood cells.

Blood cells all develop from a common stem cell in bone marrow, but early in development they split into separate lineages. Which three of these cells develop from the myeloblast lineage?

basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in chronological order?

bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

Blood helps to maintain homeostasis by

breaking down nutrients

Removal of this substance from blood would prevent clotting.

calcium

Vascular spasm

closes off small blood vessels when they are damaged, mainly in response to chemicals released from the damaged cells.

Platelet plug formation is initiated when platelets come into contact with

collagen fibers in the connective tissue beneath damaged blood vessels.

One molecule of hemoglobin

contains two alpha globin proteins and two beta globin proteins.

The benefit of the biconcave shape of red blood cells is that it

decreases the distance between the cell membrane and hemoglobin molecules, facilitating oxygen uptake and delivery.

Type O is considered to be universal

donor because it has neither antigen A nor antigen B on its RBCs.

Which of these blood components do NOT have nuclei?

erythrocytes

The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is

erythropoietin

Which hormone stimulates red blood cell formation?

erythropoietin

Joe had to have both of his kidneys removed and is now kept alive only by dialysis machines that remove waste molecules from his blood and adjust electrolyte levels. Because Joe has no remaining kidney tissue, he may also need

erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production.

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies are

formed when antigens A and B are absent from the red blood cell membranes.

Blood types are determined

genetically by glycoproteins and glycolipids on the RBC membrane.

Erythropoietin is produced by

kidneys

Which condition would stimulate erythropoietin secretion?

low blood oxygen level

Which cell is NOT classified as a granulocyte?

lymphocyte

Without the RBC enzyme carbonic anhydrase

the blood would not be able to convert carbon dioxide into bicarbonate.

The term "hematopoiesis" refers to

the process of blood cell formation.

Which molecule is a potent stimulator of coagulation?

tissue factor or thromboplastin

Globulins

transport minerals, lipids, hormones and vitamins.