Chapter 19 Review Guide

The American politician who referred to the Spanish-American conflict as "a splendid little war" was A. William McKinley. B. Elihu Root. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. William Jennings Bryan. E. John Hay.

E. John Hay.

In 1900, the "Open Door notes" A. gained more international support after the Boxer Rebellion. B. were well received in Japan. C. could only be enforced by the United States through diplomacy. D. were never put into practice. E. were accepted only by the United States and Russia.

*****A. gained more international support after the Boxer Rebellion.

The Foraker Act of 1900 A. made all Puerto Ricans citizens of the United States. B. established an American colonial government over Puerto Rico. C. put Puerto Rico under American military rule. D. called for Puerto Rico to be considered for statehood. E. abolished slavery in Puerto Rico.

****B. established an American colonial government over Puerto Rico.

The 1901 Platt Amendment was directed at A. the Philippines. B. European imperial powers. C. Puerto Rico. D. Guam and Tutuila. E. Cuba

E. Cuba

James A. Garfield A. opposed reform of the civil service system as president. B. was elected president with a commanding popular-vote margin. C. was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker. D. had been nominated by the Republicans because he was a loyal Stalwart. E. All these answers are correct.

****C. was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker.

In the late nineteenth century, Democrats tended to attract the greater numbers of A. Catholics. B. citizens of old American stock. C. the middle class. D. Protestants. E. northern blacks.

A. Catholics.

77. In the early 1900s, which American dependency did NOT receive territorial status? A. Cuba B. Alaska C. Puerto Rico D. Hawaii E. All received territorial status.

A. Cuba

The Spanish-American War began primarily because of events in A. Cuba. B. the Philippines. C. Puerto Rico. D. Mexico. E. Guatemala.

A. Cuba.

Later evidence related to the explosion that sank the Maine suggested the likely cause was A. an accident in an engine room. B. the work of a Cuban agent. C. the work of Spanish sailors. D. a floating mine of unknown origin. E. sabotage by a disgruntled naval officer.

A. an accident in an engine room.

The election of 1888 A. involved clear economic differences between the major parties. B. was one of the few elections during this era to escape charges of corruption. C. produced a clear mandate from the voters for political reform. D. was decided by the Congress. E. saw the Democrats take back the White House.

A. involved clear economic differences between the major parties.

Beginning in 1898, the American war in the Philippines A. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths. B. saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict. C. was led by General George Pershing. D. saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict. E. went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.

A. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths.

Chester A. Arthur A. supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform. B. upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system." C. quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees. D. was a political novice when he assumed the presidency. E. had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.

A. supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform.

The 1896 election results saw A. the Populist movement suffer a disastrous defeat. B. William McKinley carry the rural vote. C. William Jennings Bryan earn his greatest support in the industrial Northeast. D. the Republicans carry the South for the first time since the Civil War. E. William Jennings Bryan win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.

A. the Populist movement suffer a disastrous defeat.

The economic decline that followed the Panic of 1893 demonstrated A. the degree to which the American economy had become interconnected. B. the need for a national stock market. C. the need for the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act. D. the decline in importance of railroads over the previous decade. E. the staying power of many new, aggressive businesses.

A. the degree to which the American economy had become interconnected.

The Spanish-American War revealed to American military planners A. the need to improve glaring deficiencies in the army. B. never to fight another war in the malaria-infested Caribbean. C. the necessity of maintaining a military draft. D. that National Guard troops were less reliable than federal troops. E. the need to desegregate the armed forces.

A. the need to improve glaring deficiencies in the army.

In American politics during the late nineteenth century, A. Democrats most often won the presidency. B. Republicans usually held a majority in the Senate. C. Republicans usually held a majority in the House. D. most southern states voted Republican. E. control of both sides of Congress was extraordinarily fluid.

B. Republicans usually held a majority in the Senate.

In 1900, the Chinese Boxer Rebellion was directed at A. the Chinese government. B. all foreigners in China. C. only Americans in China. D. only Japanese in China. E. the growing Chinese communist movement.

B. all foreigners in China.

In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters A. demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance. B. called for a public works program for the unemployed. C. organized a march on Washington in plans to overthrow the government. D. were arrested by police with many later deported as anarchists. E. demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.

B. called for a public works program for the unemployed.

In the campaign of 1896, President William McKinley A. alienated Protestants by reaching out to Catholics. B. campaigned largely from his house. C. was significantly outspent by his opponent. D. appealed to the interests of urban industrial workers. E. embarked on an unprecedented public-speaking tour.

B. campaigned largely from his house.

In 1898, pressure for the American entry into war in Cuba came from A. William Jennings Bryan. B. imperialists. C. Spain. D. England. E. Cuban émigrés living in the United States.

B. imperialists.

According to the terms of the 1901 Platt Amendment, A. Cuba could only form treaties with nations that were allied with the United States. B. the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property. C. Cuba was to be made a demilitarized region. D. the United States Congress had to approve each member of the Cuban legislature. E. Cuba was to be granted full political independence.

B. the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property.

The Panic of 1893 A. grew out of a political scandal in the Cleveland administration. B. triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point. C. began with a drought in the Midwest. D. was blamed largely on Populist politics. E. grew out of the Cleveland administration's attempts at monetary reform.

B. triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point.

In the early stage of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in A. Puerto Rico. B. Havana Harbor. C. Manila Bay. D. Port-au-Prince. E. the Gulf of Mexico.

C. Manila Bay.

In 1873, the congressional law that officially discontinued silver coinage A. was passed to benefit international trade merchants. B. was passed over the strong objections of farmers. C. became known to critics as the "Crime of `73." D. was hotly debated at the time. E. was passed because the value of silver had fallen to an all-time low.

C. became known to critics as the "Crime of `73."

The political battles between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds constituted a fight A. within the Democratic Party. B. that ultimately redefined national political practices. C. between traditionalists and reformers. D. that revolved around the temperance movement. E. over the legacy of Reconstruction.

C. between traditionalists and reformers.

The "Cross of Gold" speech appealed primarily to A. immigrants. B. Catholics. C. farmers. D. Republicans. E. bankers.

C. farmers.

The presidential election of 1900 A. pitted Theodore Roosevelt against William Jennings Bryan. B. saw the Democrats take back the White House. C. found the American public largely in favor of national colonialism. D. saw many Americans express uncertainty over the morality of colonialism. E. saw the Republicans win despite a growing economic depression.

C. found the American public largely in favor of national colonialism.

In 1896, the major economic issue for William McKinley's administration was A. the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. B. the restoration of "bimetallism." C. the need for higher tariff rates. D. labor unrest. E. the repeal of the Specie Resumption Act.

C. the need for higher tariff rates.

The "Open Door notes" A. sought to give the United States a monopoly on trade with China. B. gave the United States a reason to be militarily involved in China. C. were directed to imperial powers in Europe and Asia. D. were written by Theodore Roosevelt. E. argued that Japan should open its borders to free trade.

C. were directed to imperial powers in Europe and Asia.

The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by A. William McKinley. B. Grover Cleveland. C. Mark Hanna. D. William Jennings Bryan. E. James Weaver.

D. William Jennings Bryan.

The Philippines achieved independence from the United States A. shortly after the election of Woodrow Wilson. B. at the conclusion of World War I. C. during the Great Depression. D. following World War II. E. after the Vietnam War.

D. following World War II

In the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt's famous charge in the battle of San Juan Hill A. has been considered bold and reckless. B. was a minor part of the battle. C. actually took place on Kettle Hill. D. resulted in nearly a hundred Americans dead or wounded. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

In the late nineteenth century, the term "yellow press" referred to A. a sensationalist style of reporting news. B. the lavish use of color in newspapers. C. an effort by newspapers to appeal to a mass market. D. both a sensational style of reporting news, and the lavish use of color in newspapers. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 A. put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies. B. had little practical effect for decades. C. created a five-person commission to oversee the act. D. both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

The first civilian governor of the Philippines, who gave Filipinos broad local autonomy, was A. Emilio Aguinaldo. B. Arthur Macarthur. C. Elihu Root. D. Theodore Roosevelt. E. William Howard Taft.

E. William Howard Taft.

The newspaper magnate who famously told one of his Cuban reporters, "You furnish the pictures, and I'll furnish the war," was A. Joseph Pulitzer. B. Henry Luce. C. William R. Shafter. D. Horace Greeley. E. William Randolph Hearst.

E. William Randolph Hearst.

In 1900, the Republicans enacted the Currency Act, which A. returned the nation to "bimetallism." B. pegged the currency to public confidence rather than gold or silver. C. recalibrated the official ratio of silver to gold to 12:1. D. created a commission to meet with Great Britain and France to discuss the silver question. E. confirmed the nation's commitment to the gold standard.

E. confirmed the nation's commitment to the gold standard.

In the late nineteenth century, the issue of primary interest to the Republican Party was A. restricting immigration. B. reducing taxation. C. a prohibition on alcohol. D. supporting public education. E. supporting high tariffs.

E. supporting high tariffs.

The greatest American debate over the consequences of the Spanish-American War involved A. who would control Cuba. B. the question of desegregating the army. C. relations with Spain. D. the annexation of Puerto Rico. E. the status of the Philippines.

E. the status of the Philippines.