Chapter 19- Vibrations and Waves
standing wave
A stationary interference pattern formed in a medium when two sets of identical waves pass through the medium in opposite directions.
longitudinal wave
A wave in which the medium vibrates parallel to (along) the direction in which the wave travels. Sound waves are longitudinal.
transverse wave
A wave in which the medium vibrates perpendicularly (at right angles) to the direction in which the wave travels. Light waves and waves on stringed instruments are transverse.
The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction A- along the wave B-perpendicular to the wave C-both of these D-none of these
A- along the wave
The Doppler effect is concerned with changes in wave A- frequency B- speed C-both of these D-none of these
A- frequency
When we consider how frequently a pendulum swings to and fro, we're talking about its A- frequency B- period C- wavelength D-amplitude
A- frequency
A common example of a longitudinal wave is A- sound B- light C- both of these D- none of these
A- sound
A wiggle in time is a A- vibration B-wave C- both of these D- none of these
A- vibration
If the frequency of a particular wave is 20 Hz, its period is A-1/20 second. B-20 seconds C-more than 20 seconds D-none of the above
A-1/20 second.
A sonic boom cannot be produced by A-an aircraft flying slower than the speed of sound. B- a whip C- a speeding bullet D-all of these
A-an aircraft flying slower than the speed of sound.
A red shift for light indicates that the light source is moving A-away from you. B-toward you. C-both of these D-neither of these
A-away from you.
If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period A-halves. B-is quartered. C-doubles.
A-halves.
The source of all waves is A-something that vibrates. B-a force of some kind. C-energy. D-all of the above E-none of the above
A-something that vibrates.
Which of these is a longitudinal wave? A-sound B-radio C-light D-all of the above E-none of the above
A-sound
A shock wave is A-usually composed of a pair of closely spaced cones. B-weak for aircraft that fly at less than the speed of sound. C-the opposite of a bow wave. D-all of the above E-none of the above
A-usually composed of a pair of closely spaced cones.
A wiggle in time is a A-vibration. B-wave. C-both of these D-neither of these
A-vibration.
A wiggle in both space and time is a A-wave. B-vibration. C-both of these D-neither of these
A-wave.
The frequency of a wave is the inverse of its A- frequency B- period C- wavelength D-amplitude
B- period
When we consider the time it takes for a pendulum to swing to and fro, we're talking about the pendulum's A- frequency B- period C- wavelength D-amplitude
B- period
A 60-vibration-per-second wave travels 30 meters in 1 second. Its frequency is A-1800 hertz and it travels at 2 m/s. B-60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s. C-30 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s. D-none of the above
B-60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s.
The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction A- along the wave B-perpendicular to the wave C-both of these D-none of these
B-perpendicular to the wave
A shock wave is the result of wave A- interference B-superposition. C- amplification D- transference
B-superposition.
The speed of a wave can be found by multiplying its frequency by the A-period B-wavelength C-amplitude D-none of the above
B-wavelength
The Doppler effect is characteristic of A- sound waves B- light waves C- both of these D-none of these
C- both of these
The frequency of the second hand on a clock is A-60 hertz. B-1 hertz. C-1/60 hertz.
C-1/60 hertz.
A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 meters in one second, its wavelength is A-6 m. B-0.5 m. C-3 m. D-2 m. E-1 m.
C-3 m.
The number of nodes, including the end points, in a standing wave that is three wavelengths long is A-4. B-5. C-7. D-6. E-none of the above
C-7.
Which of these is a transverse wave? A-a Slinky shaken to and fro. B-a sound wave C-a radio wave D-all of the above E-none of the above
C-a radio wave
A wave is a vibration in A-space B-time C-both of these D- none of these
C-both of these
A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A-away from you. B-towards you. C-either of these D-neither of these
C-either of these
A bow wave is produced when a speed boat moves A-as fast as the waves it produces. B-nearly as fast as the waves it produces. C-faster than the waves it produces. D-none of the above
C-faster than the waves it produces.
A standing wave is produced by reflected waves undergoing A-changes in frequency. B-changes in amplitude C-interference D- Doppler shifts
C-interference
A node is a position of A-half amplitude. B-maximum amplitude. C-minimum amplitude.
C-minimum amplitude.
An object that completes 20 vibrations in 10 seconds has a frequency of A-200 hertz. B-0.5 hertz. C-1 hertz. D-2 hertz.
D-2 hertz.
A less intense sonic boom at ground level can occur if the aircraft A-is more streamlined. B-is smaller. C-flies higher. D-all of the above E-none of the above
D-all of the above
Interference is a property of A-water waves. B-light waves. C-sound waves. D-all of the above E-none of the above
D-all of the above
The Doppler effect is characteristic of A-light waves. B-sound waves. C-water waves. D-all of the above E-none of the above
D-all of the above
Wave interference occurs for A- water waves B-sound waves C-light waves D-all of these
D-all of these
When we consider how far a pendulum swings to and fro, we're talking about the pendulum's A- frequency B- period C- wavelength D-amplitude
D-amplitude
An object that completes 100 vibrations in 5 seconds has a period of A-1 second. B-0.5 second. C-2 seconds. D-none of the above
D-none of the above, 20 s
Frequency
For a vibrating body or medium, the number of vibrations per unit time. For a wave, the number of crests that pass a particular point per unit time.
Amplitude
For a wave or vibration, the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (midpoint) position.
Hertz (Hz)
The SI unit of frequency. One hertz (symbol Hz) equals one vibration per second.
bow wave
The V-shaped disturbance created by an object moving across a liquid surface at a speed greater than the wave speed.
shock wave
The cone-shaped disturbance created by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid.
Wavelength
The distance between successive crests, troughs, or identical parts of a wave.
sonic boom
The loud sound that results from the incidence of a shock wave.
interference pattern
The pattern formed by the superposition of different sets of waves that produces reinforcement in some places and cancellation in others.
wave interference
The phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium.
Doppler effect
The shift in received frequency due to the motion of a vibrating source toward or away from a receiver.
Wave speed
The speed with which waves pass a particular point: Wave speed = frequency × wavelength
Period
The time in which a vibration is completed. The period of a wave equals the period of the source and is equal to 1/frequency.
Sine curve
The waveform traced by simple harmonic motion, which can be made visible on a moving conveyor belt by a pendulum swinging at right angles above the moving belt.