Chapter 2

Which of the following regions contains one of the four major population clusters on Earth? a) East Asia b) Africa c) South America d) North America e) Australia

a) East Asia

Which of the following countries has a pronounced gender imbalance? a) India b) Japan c) Singapore d) the United States e) Denmark

a) India

Analyze Figure 2-1 World's Population Portion Map. Which of these countries has the highest population? a) Russia b) Japan c) Thailand d) China e) India

d) China

In which stage of the demographic transition are the highest natural increase rates found? a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) Stage 4 e) Stage 5

b) Stage 2

Use Figure 2-6: Life Expectancy at Birth 2018 and analyze the distribution patterns of life expectancy. to answer the question. In which region of the world is life expectancy the lowest? a) Southeast Asia b) North America c) Africa d) East Asia e) Europe

c) Africa

By examining the map in Figure 2-3, which of the following is NOT true about the world's population concentrations? a) The highest European population concentrations exist around major rivers and major urban centers. b) China's population is evenly distributed across its land area. c) South Asia's population is heavily concentrated around key rivers such as the Indus and Ganges. d) Sparse population concentrations may be found north of 60 degrees latitude. e) Australia's concentrations are largely coastal.

b) China's population is evenly distributed across its land area.

Which is the most likely result of a low infant mortality rate? a) an increase in death rates b) better pre- and post-natal care c) a government policy restricting family size d) an elderly population e) a lower CBR

b) better pre- and post-natal care

Physiological density is measured as the number of a) people per area of arable lands. b) farm animals per area of arable land. c) acres of farmland per the total area of a country. d) farmers per area of farmland. e) people per area of flat land.

a) people per area of arable lands.

Which statement concerning crude birth rates (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) is correct? a) CBR has a big impact on NIR, whereas CDR does not. b) CDR is higher in developed countries than in developing ones. c) CDR tends to vary among countries more than CBR does. d) CDR and CBR both tend to be higher in developing countries. e) CBR is higher in developed countries than in developing ones.

b) CDR is higher in developed countries than in developing ones.

Country A's population pyramid has a very wide base when compared to the middle of the pyramid and a very narrow top. Which of the following statements regarding Country A's population is correct? a) The population is growing slowly. b) The population is not growing or declining. c) The population is growing rapidly. d) The population is declining rapidly. e) The dependency ratio is low.

c) The population is growing rapidly.

Europe and North America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of the a) computer revolution. b) medical revolution. c) agricultural revolution. d) industrial revolution. e) scientific revolution.

d) industrial revolution.

The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is known as the a) total fertility rate. b) life data rate. c) natural increase rate. d) maternal birth rate. e) crude birth rate.

e) crude birth rate.

Based on recent demographic trends, the principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries is probably due to a) balanced natural increase rates. b) increasing crude death rates. c) increasing crude birth rates. d) declining crude birth rates. e) declining crude death rates.

d) declining crude birth rates.

Which is a likely outcome of an increase in a country's agricultural density? a) decrease in the number of farmers b) increase in the size of its population c) increase in the areas of its urban centers d) decrease in the amount of arable land e) decrease in the number of farm animals

d) decrease in the amount of arable land

When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. Demographers term the period of 45 years as a) demographic transition. b) overpopulation. c) life expectancy. d) doubling time. e) double increase rate.

d) doubling time.

Compare the maps shown in Figures 2-8 and 2-9. Which conclusion is supported by the maps? a) The Industrial Revolution immediately caused an increase in the CDR. b) Throughout the world, countries with high crude death rates have high infant mortality rates. c) The United States and Australia spend the same on healthcare. d) People live longer in North Africa and the Middle East. e) Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa are in Stage 2 of the demographic transition.

e) Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa are in Stage 2 of the demographic transition.

Use the information in Figure 2-11 to answer the question. A population pyramid like Japan's predicted 2050 pyramid represents a) the results of medical technology transfer seen in developing nations. b) the economic recovery and population boom after the 2011 earthquake. c) a younger population decimated by the AIDS pandemic. d) government policies to attract elderly immigrants. e) an aging population and contraction in the work force.

e) an aging population and contraction in the work force.

Assuming all things being equal, a decline in a country's crude birth rate (CBR) would result in an increase in that country's a) crude death rate. b)life expectancy. c) total fertility rate. d) natural increase rate. e) doubling time.

e) doubling time.

Canada has 2 percent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, compared to 25 percent of Egypt's workforce engaged in agriculture. Based on the information provided, which conclusion is correct? a) Egypt's farmers have smaller farms than Canadian farmers. b) Canada has a difficult time enticing people to take up farming. c) Egypt produces much more food on the same amount of arable land. d) Arable land is increasing in Egypt due to rainfall caused by climate change. e) Farmers grow less and make less money in Canada relative to Egypt.

a) Egypt's farmers have smaller farms than Canadian farmers.

Which of the following is one of the reasons why the study of population geography is especially important? a) Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries. b) Geographers know that the relationship between population and Earth's resources is sustainable. c) Geographers want to know why the world's population has increased more slowly during the second half of the twentieth century. d) Overpopulation is a threat in every country on the planet. e) About the same number of people are alive at this time than have ever been in history.

a) Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries.

Carrying capacity is impacted by which of the following? a) human action to modify the environment b) how long a particular resource is available for use c) human action to limit the distribution of resources d) the tools and technology available to carry water from its source to the community e) the amount of people working in a particular unit of area

a) human action to modify the environment

Which best describes a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition? a) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases b) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics c) degenerative and human-created diseases d) delayed degenerative diseases e) pestilence and famine

a) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases

Which stage of the epidemiological transition describes a reduced mortality associated with infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging? a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) Stage 4 e) Stage 5

c) Stage 3

Which of the following is true about global medical services? a) On average, expenditures on health care exceed 50 percent of government expenditures in Europe and North America. b) Sub-Saharan African and Southwest Asian countries have more hospital beds per 10,000 than countries in Europe. c) Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world's lowest rates of physicians per 10,000. d) The costs for health-care services throughout the world will continue to decline, The United States public assistance is responsible for keeping costs low. e) Governments in developing countries have greater health care expenditures than developed countries. Residents of Scandinavian countries require less medical treatment than other populations.

c) Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world's lowest rates of physicians per 10,000.

The government of Bangladesh has helped reduce birth rates mainly by providing a) religious reasons for improving the quality of life on Earth. b) an economy as developed as any in Europe. c) access to and information about various methods of contraception. d) access to and information about universities that women can attend. e) information about choosing sexual abstinence.

c) access to and information about various methods of contraception.

Calculating the number of people over 65 divided by the number of people in the labor force produces a measure known as the a) demographic transition. b) dependency ratio. c) elderly support ratio. d) national retirement ratio. e) K-12 support ratio.

c) elderly support ratio.

Which long-term benefit is emphasized in leading approaches to reducing birth rates? a) encouraging people to become more active consumers b) disseminating information about sexually transmitted diseases c) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment d) implementing school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach "abstinence only d) "improving men's educational attainment in conjunction with loans to businesses owned by men in small communities

c) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment

In which situation can you predict a country's arithmetic density will decrease? a) increasing the areas of its urban centers b) limiting the number of farmers c) limiting the size of its population d) increasing the size of its population e) increasing the amount of agricultural land

c) limiting the size of its population

A possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of a) degenerative and human-created diseases. b) delayed degenerative diseases. c) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases. d) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics. e) pestilence and famine.

c) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.

Which factor is viewed as responsible for Stage 2 of the epidemiological transition? a) the nation is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model b) that increased global urbanization has reduced the deleterious effects of diseases c) the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs d) there are no more hosts of the disease e) more medical practitioners per 10,000

c) the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs

Which of the following statements comparing agricultural density with physiological density is correct? a) Only agricultural density uses arable land in the density calculation. b) Only physiological density measures the amount of farming technology available, such as tractors. c) Both physiological and agricultural density make comparisons to the total amount of land area. d) Agricultural density includes the number of farmers, whereas physiological density includes all people. e) Only agricultural density includes the yield of crops grown on an area of land.

d) Agricultural density includes the number of farmers, whereas physiological density includes all people.

Which country once included controversial sterilization camps as part of its national family-planning program? a) Singapore b) Bangladesh c) Zimbabwe d) India e) the United States

d) India

Based on the map in Figure 2-3, the largest population concentration is located in a) the Middle East. b) the east coast of North America. c) China and Japan. d) South Asia. e) the west coast of Australia.

d) South Asia.

If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has a) inefficient farming methods or unemployed farmers. b) a large number of farmers, and a high urban population. c) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture. d) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available for people to live in. e) possibly exceeded its carrying capacity.

d) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available for people to live in.

Which of the following lists of indicators characterizes the possible stage five in the demographic transition? a) low NIR, decreasing CDR, and low CBR b) declining NIR, low CDR, and declining CBR c) high NIR, declining CDR, and high CBR d) a very low CBR, an increasing CDR, and, therefore, a negative NIR e) low NIR, high CDR, and high CBR

d) a very low CBR, an increasing CDR, and, therefore, a negative NIR

The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on a) new food sources which produced population explosions. b) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes. c) the means through which disease is transmitted spatially. d) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition. e) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS.

d) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.

We can hypothesize with some confidence that a developing country has a lower crude death rate than the United States because it likely a) has more hospitals beds per person. b) has a higher infant mortality rate. c) has a higher sex ratio. d) has a lower percentage of elderly people. e) has a larger population of elderly people.

d) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

Which actions can be taken to reduce maternal mortality? a) using drugs to lower blood pressure during and after pregnancy b) providing private health insurance and applying new technology c) building more hospitals and training more doctors d) monitoring pregnant women and treating conditions during and after childbirth e) assuring childbirth takes place in the northern American states

d) monitoring pregnant women and treating conditions during and after childbirth

Which statement is true regarding the standard biological sex ratio? a) throughout the world cultural preferences have little influence on the sex ratio b) the United Nations is not concerned by reports of unbalanced sex ratios c) scientists have long known that it is influenced by the age and race of the parents d) some regions have a such a low number of female births that it cannot be considered random e) higher female life expectancy accounts for the difference in the sex ratio

d) some regions have a such a low number of female births that it cannot be considered random

Use Figure 2-5: World Population Growth 1750-2017 and your knowledge of chapter 2 to answer the question. Which outcome is supported by data in the chart? a) the doubling time between 1920 and 2020 will be repeated in 2120 b) the NIR will never again go above 2 c) the number of people having babies will continue to drop d) the larger base of people alive will result in continued population growth e) world population will increase more rapidly in the future

d) the larger base of people alive will result in continued population growth

The average number of children women bear in their lifetimes is a) crude birth rate. b) adolescent fertility rate. c) total birth rate. d) total fertility rate. e) natural increase rate.

d) total fertility rate.

In the speculation concerning future population and global resources, which is the most accurate description of how both sides may be correct? a) Malthus was wrong in the 18th century and 21st century but NeoMalthusians were correct in the 20th Century b) by the year 2100 improved technology will be used to both lower birth rates and increase food production c) the production index is increasing in most countries so more people can always work to produce more food d) social injustice and uneven distribution of resources is more important than population size e) in some world regions food supply and population will be sustainable for some time, while in other regions population has already outstripped food production capacity

e) in some world regions food supply and population will be sustainable for some time, while in other regions population has already outstripped food production capacity

Which three demographic measures most closely parallel each other in terms of global distribution? a) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate b) life expectancy, crude death rate, total fertility rate c) crude death rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate d) life expectancy, crude birth rate, crude death rate e) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate

e) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate

Two countries have approximately the same arithmetic density but their landscapes and sizes are quite different, we can therefore conclude that the two countries have roughly the same a) number of farmers per area of land. b) number of people per area of arable land. c) level of output per farmer. d) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food. e) number of people per area of land.

e) number of people per area of land.

Which of the following contributes to the high number of maternal deaths in developing countries? a) hypertension b) complications due to malaria c) malnourishment d) malpractice e) obstetrical hemorrhage

e) obstetrical hemorrhage

The shape of a population pyramid for a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan with a high percentage of older residents could best be described as a) the death rate is higher than the birth rate. b) the population under age 14 is growing rapidly. c) the dependency ratio is about 33 percent. d) males have a higher life expectancy than females. e) the dependency ratio is about 50 percent.

e) the dependency ratio is about 50 percent.

Choose the answer that best summarizes Malthus's theory on population. a) Malthus argued that food supply grew more rapidly than population; hence, there was no need to be concerned about overpopulation. b) Malthus claimed that the population was growing much more rapidly than Earth's food supply. c) Malthus claimed that food supply increased geometrically, whereas population increased arithmetically. d) Malthus argued that disease and war increase the CDR, so people needed to increase the CBR to keep populations from collapsing. e) Malthus argued that population would naturally be checked by "moral restraint" regardless of food supply.

b) Malthus claimed that the population was growing much more rapidly than Earth's food supply.

Which statement accurately describes Malthus' theory? a) Actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted. b) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred. c) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred. d) Population increased arithmetically while food production increased exponentially. e) Actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.

b) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred.

Leading approaches to reducing birth rates emphasize the long-term benefits of a) teaching people to become more active consumers. b) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment. c) information about sexually transmitted diseases. d) school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach "abstinence only. e) "improving men's educational attainment in conjunction with small loans to businesses owned by men in small communities.

b) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment.

Which combination of environmental factors is likely to be densely populated? a) petroleum reserves, deserts, and river deltas b) reliable precipitation, mild climates, and fertile river valleys c) abundant wildlife, permafrost, and lakes d) high altitudes, mountain meadows, and recreation opportunities e) coastlines for fishing, high latitudes, and dry winters

b) reliable precipitation, mild climates, and fertile river valleys