Chapter 2 & 3: Project Conception & Delivery
Describe Step 2 in the programming process:
"Collect and analyze facts" - I.d. info with direct correlation to goals. - Organize facts into groups, such as aesthetics, economics, regulations, social considerations, environmental concerns, and time.
Describe Step 4 in the programming process:
"Determine needs" - The initial economic feasibility test for the proposed space requirements and the expected performance level against a proposed budget. - Prioritizes the essential needs above the wants.
Describe Step 1 in the programming process:
"Establish goals" - Understand the owner goals and project needs. - Goal statements must help A/E. - Make goals quantifiable and measurable.
Define: Service life
A period of time in which the structure will remain useable for an intended purpose.
Define: Community Impact Studies
A study to determine the effect of a project on public facilities and utilities, which may need to be modified to accommodate the impact of the project.
Describe the following planning procedure: Implementation planning
Based on the strategic plan, this planning process establishes the detailed guidelines and protocols for implementing the strategic plan.
Describe the following planning procedure: Procurement planning
Before starting a new project, the facility owner should establish the contract requirements for BIM usage by the project team to ensure its successful use throughout the building's life cycle.
Describe the following design objective: Functional/Operational
Building must operate in an efficient and effective manner with an ability to adapt to functional or organizational changes of the building occupants.
Describe the following performance factor: Operational/Maintenance
Buildings have to be operated and maintained, and the types of materials used influence the cost and ease of operation or maintenance.
Describe the following type of insurance: General Liability
Business protection against claims involving bodily injury and property damage as a result of business services or operations
Define: Geotechnical Investigations
Conducted by geotechnical engineers who take representative samples of soil from the site and prepare reports of site conditions based on laboratory analysis.
Define: Hazardous Materials Evaluation
Conducted by specialists to determine the extent of hazardous conditions on the site.
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Estimators and construction budgeting consultants
Convert information from preliminary and programming studies into construction budget information
Describe the following type of insurance: Business Interruption Insurance
Covers the loss of income that a business suffers following a disaster
Describe the following design objective: Sustainable
Deciding if the project is to be sustainable, and if so, if it is to achieve a particular sustainability rating.
Describe the following design objective: Cost-effectiveness
Defined by the owner's goal (i.e., low first cost, low O&M, long life span, productive users, high ROI) and supported by a life cycle study.
Define: Project conception
Determine owner requirements Compile a program
Describe the following type of insurance: Workers' Compensation
Employee protection by an employer for employment-related injuries
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Test and investigation agencies
Evaluate existing attributes of potential sites.
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Accessibility Evaluation
Evaluation for conformance with accessibility requirements.
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Energy Consumption Evaluation
Evaluation of a building's efficiency in regard to energy usage by HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems.
Describe the following performance factor: Amenity/Comfort
Factors that affect the comfort, convenience, or pleasure of the occupants.
Describe the following performance factor: Health/Safety
Factors that relate to occupants' well-being, not usually optional.
Describe the following planning procedure: Strategic planning
Involves considering existing conditions at the organizational level, aligning BIM goals and objectives with expected uses, and developing a transition plan that will lead to achieving those goals and objectives.
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: General Liability
Owner, Architect, Consultants, Contractor, Subcontractors, Product Representatives, and any other company with employees involved with the project
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: Workers' Compensation
Owner, Architect, Consultants, Contractor, Subcontractors, Product Representatives, and any other company with employees involved with the project
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: Builder's Risk (All-Risk)
Owner, but may be obtained by Contractor for Owner if required by the construction contract
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: Owner's Protective Liability
Owner, but may be obtained by Contractor for Owner if required by the construction contract
Define: OCIP
Owner-controlled insurance program
Define: Estimated funds—cost per measured units
The total number of measured units in a private project is multiplied by a predetermined cost per measured unit - I.e. dollars per square foot, dollars per guest room, dollars per patient room, etc. - Estimating guides (available from various industry sources) provide the average unit costs for various project types
How are public projects funded?
Typically funded by tax revenues and/or the sale of bonds.
How are private projects funded?
Typically funded by using money already on-hand or loans.
Describe the following design objective: Safe/Secure
Understanding the risks, threats, and hazards to which a facility will be subject and the anticipated consequences of each.
What is included in a due diligence investigation?
• Feasibility studies to evaluate the owner's available and prospective financial resources • Impact studies to determine the effect of the facility on the surrounding community • Physical facilities evaluations, identifying the potential for reuse, adaptation, salability, or leaseability • Site studies to determine the availability, viability, and cost of suitable sites • Studies to determine other factors that might influence the owner's decision to relocate or stay in an existing facility
What are the other names for "Project conception"? (PPPNa)
• Programming • Needs assessment • Planning • Predesign
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Insurance, financial, real estate, and legal advisors
Assist the owner in assessing financial resources, risk factors, and potential sites for the project.
Describe Step 5 in the programming process:
"State the problem" - A simple statement that includes the organized and edited relevant information based on categories dealing with function, aesthetics/form, economics, regulations, social considerations, environmental concerns, and time. - The key issue statements listed under each category should be limited to those dealing with unique aspects of the problem.
Describe Step 3 in the programming process:
"Uncover and test concepts" - Identify abstract ideas that are intended as functional solutions to an owner's performance problems without regard to the physical response.
Name the 5 performance factors:
- AMENITY, COMFORT - HEALTH, SAFETY - OPERATIONAL, MAINTENANCE - DURABILITY - STRUCTURE
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Functional Evaluation
- Ability to meet basic functional requirements - Ability to be renovated and expanded.
Define: Contingencies
- Account for the unquantifiable effects of unknowns - I.e. funding sources, weather, labor and material shortages during construction, governmental and regulatory restrictions, and construction delays related to known and unknown geological conditions and the possible presence of hazardous materials.
List the 3 methods used to determine construction budget:
- Authorized funds - Available funds - Estimated funds—cost per measured units
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Facility Systems Evaluation
- Condition of major operating systems and subsystems, including controls, environmental equipment, fire suppression, electrical system, security, and fire alarms. - Condition of service utilities such as water, sewerage, electrical, and communications.
Name the four considerations in facility programming: (FFET)
- Function - Form - Economy - Time
List the five (5) items that are addressed by community impact studies.
- Operations - Relocation - Environmental impact - Public facilities and utilities impact - Economic impact
List the five (5) items that are addressed by financial studies.
- Owner's financial condition - Life cycle cost - Value of existing facilities - Available funding - Timing
Describe the following design objective: Historic Preservation
- Preserving historic buildings to understand the heritage of our nation, state, city, and culture. - Also a principle of sustainable design.
Describe the following type of insurance: Builder's Risk (All-Risk)
- Protection of buildings under construction for damages caused by all listed perils - May include fire, windstorm, collapse, vandalism, and theft - Exclusions may include earthquake, flood, loss of use or occupancy, penalties for non-compliance or non-completion, normal wear and tear, latent defects, faulty workmanship or design
Name the 2 types of projects:
- Public - Private
Define the four considerations in facility programming:
- What will happen to the facility? - What will the facility look and feel like? - What is the budget and quality? - What will the time be to achieve the facility?
Define: Public project
- the owner is a governing agency at the federal, state, county, or city level - funding for public projects is from tax revenue or bonds taken out by the governing agency
Define: Private project
- the owner is an individual, a company, a corporation, or a board of directors - funding for private projects is from private sources not associated with governing agencies - may use governmental incentives that stimulate or encourage private sector development
What is the function and result of facility programming?
- to document decisions based on project values and goals - results in a framework for future design decisions and determining if the project is feasible
Name the 5 steps in the programming process: (ECUDS)
1. Establish goals 2. Collect and analyze facts 3. Uncover and test concepts 4. Determine needs 5. State the problem
Describe the following performance factor: Structure
A building must be self-supporting.
Define: Existing Facility Evaluations
A detailed survey and report of existing conditions of an existing building so that, when it is time for design, there is information available.
Describe the following design objective: Accessible
Accessibility is a civil rights issue, and it is crucial that facilities are accessible to everyone.
Describe the following type of insurance: Owner's Protective Liability
Additional coverage for general liabi lity associated with the construction project
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Contractors and construction managers
Advise the owner about procedures, coordination, and other factors affecting project schedules.
Define: Archeological Studies
Archeological surveys or literature reviews before construction can start.
Describe the relationship between the ability to influence project cost and time.
As the project develops through each phase, more players become involved and major changes are not as possible without increases in the project budget.
Define: Authorized funds
Funds that have been authorized by a public agency or by a legislative act for a public project.
Define: FF&E
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Facility managers
Help inform management and attend to the maintenance needs of the new facility.
Describe the following design objective: Resilience
How a facility can absorb and rapidly recover from a disruptive event (natural or man-made).
Describe the following design objective: Productive
How the occupants react emotionally to the facility and how effectively the occupant performs in their work or living environment.
Define: Schematic programming
Identifies the broad goals, user preferences, image, functional requirements, movement, activity adjacencies. As programming ends, schematic design begins.
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ)
Identify and clarify applicable regulations and requirements.
Describe the risks of not having bonds or insurance.
If an owner decides not to pay for bonds and insurance, then the owner assumes financial risk should a contractor not perform, does not pay subcontractors and suppliers, has an injury or death directly related to the project, business interruption, or damage to the project due to fire, windstorm, collapse, or theft.
List the benefits of D-B-B Competitive Bid Option:
Most efficient Least time-consuming
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Noise Pollution Evaluation
Noise introduced into the neighborhood during construction and during facility operations.
Define: Program development
Organize info collected in early stages (impact study & site analysis) - Design development follows program development to create a physical form
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: Builder's Risk (Named Peril)
Owner
Party responsible to acquire the following type of insurance: Automobile
Owner, Architect, Consultants, Contractor, Subcontractors, Product Representatives, and any other company with employees involved with the project
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Environmental and Indoor Air Quality Evaluation
Presence of hazardous materials, such as lead piping or lead-based paints asbestos, mold, formaldehyde, or refrigerants in abandoned equipment.
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Programming consultants
Prioritize the owner's goals and requirements.
Describe the following type of insurance: Boiler and Machinery
Protection against loss from accidents or breakdowns involving boilers, pressure vessels, and other business related equipment
Describe the following type of insurance: Contractor's Tools and Equipment
Protection against lost, stolen, or damaged tools and equipment used by the contractor
Describe the following type of insurance: Builder's Risk (Named Peril)
Protection of buildings under construction for damages caused by a specific peril
Describe the following type of insurance: Automobile
Protection to cover liability associated with the operation of owned and nonowned (rented or hired) automobiles
Describe the role of the following project participant(s): Architects/Engineers
Provide professional advice regarding project types and other design-related information.
Describe the following type of insurance: Owner or Contractor Controlled Insurance
Provides coverage for virtually all liability and loss associated with a construction project
Describe the purpose of bonds and insurance.
Provides protection for the owner, but costs money that influences the project budget.
Describe the following type of insurance: Umbrella Excess Liability
Provides supplemental coverage that general liability and automobile policies will not cover
Define: Environmental Studies
Quantifies and describes the effect the project will have on the environment.
Define: Available funds
Simply the amount the owner wants to spend on the construction of a private project.
Who established the three planning procedures for facility owners to undertake when considering the use of BIM on a project?
The National BIM Standard - United States® (NBIMS-US™), published by the buildingSMART® alliance, a council of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS)
Describe the following performance factor: Durability
The building consists of physical materials that will inevitably wear out.
Describe the following design objective: Aesthetics
The desired design imagery and the statement the owner wants to make with the project.
Define: Soft costs
The intangible components of the completed project.
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Structural Evaluation
The structural integrity of gravity and lateral/seismic components, including the condition of foundations, floors, and superstructure.
Define: Hard costs
The tangible components of the completed project.
Define: Due diligence investigations
They identify the conditions and influences that will shape the project concept and clarify the owner's values and goals.
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Community Impact Evaluation
Traffic studies to evaluate influence on local traffic patterns, and studies of light and shadow that affect adjacent properties such as public parks.
Describe the following existing facility evaluation type: Hygrothermal Analysis
Water and air infiltration through the building enclosure that can affect the structural and thermal integrity of components, including corrosion and movement.
Provide 5 examples of the following performance factor: Health/Safety
► emergency (egress/alarm) ► failing, tripping, slipping ► cutting, breakable materials ► fire source ► ignitability, combustibility ► fire spread ► smoke ► accidental explosion ► radiation ► chemicals ► disease, infection ► vermin, animals ► intrusion, security, terrorism ► pollution ► flood ► hurricane, tornado ► vehicular collision
Provide 5 examples of the following performance factor: Amenity/Comfort
► heat/cold ► wind, drafts ► water intrustion, leakage ► humidity, condensation ► light, glare ► sound, noise ► convenience, accessibility ► cleanliness ► order ► appearance ► texture, feel ► privacy
Provide 5 examples of the following performance factor: Durability
► lifespan ► exposure to touch ► moisture, condensation ► corrosion, chemical action ► rot, fungus, insects ► dirt, grease, stains ► cleaning, scrubbing ► abrasion, scratching ► impact, bending, loading ► temperature changes ► atmosphere, pollution ► light, ultraviolet light ► vandalism ► animals ► hurricane, tornado ► flood ► vehicular co llision
Provide 5 examples of the following performance factor: Operational/Maintenance
► reduction of power, water, fuel use ► ease of use ► maximization of misuse ► reduction of by-products, waste ► ease of cleaning ► minimization of cleaning required ► ease of service (equipment) ► minimization of service required ► ease of repair ► ease of replacement ► minimization of theft ► ease of location ► ease of adding on, adaptability
Provide 5 examples of the following performance factor: Structure
► static, dead loads ► live, vertical loads ► horizontal, wind loads ► seismic loads ► impact loads ► concentrated loads