Chapter 2 Beginnings of English America/ Inquizitive
Place the following events in chronological order to describe early English colonization.
1. Hakluyt writes A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, arguing that Queen Elizabeth I Should support colonies in the new world 2.Roanoke Island is settled but ultimately fails due to lack of planning. 3. Jamestown, Virginia, is established in hopes of turning a quick profit but faces numerous challenges. 4. Pilgrims settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts 5. The Mayflower Compact, the first written frame of government in what is now the United States, is created.
European powers were slower to take an interest in North America than in South America and the Caribbean. Place the following North American settlements in chronological order according to their establishment.
1. The Virginia Company finances Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America 2.Quebec, the first permanent French Settlement in North America, is founded 3. Henry Hudson's exploration leads to the founding of Netherland, the first permamnent Duth settlement in North America 4. The Spanish settle Santa Fe as the capital of New Mexico
The Magna Carta was written in 1215, but by 1600 it was being interpreted very differently than its original intention. Identify the important issue at the heart of the new interpretation of this document.
All Englishmen had rights and freedoms.
The establishment of Virginia and Maryland shared many similarities and also some notable differences. Identify which of the following characteristics correspond to either Virginia, Maryland, or both settlements.
Both Virginia and Maryland -Tobacco was the leading cash crop. -Conditions were unhealthy, leading to a high death rate for adults and children. -Indentured servants were relied upon for the majority of labor in the early years. Maryland -People of Catholic faith could find refuge and were encouraged to settle here. Virgina -This settlement was established by a company of investors.
Colonial English women were defined by their legal status as "feme covert" (married) or "feme sole" (single). Identify the unique privileges feme sole women enjoyed.
Correct -Feme sole women could make contracts and conduct business. -Feme sole women could own land. Incorrect: -Feme sole women had no legal rights or privileges. -Feme sole women who owned land were able to participate in elections.
It took convincing to get Queen Elizabeth I to support colonization. Identify the ideas that were reflected in Richard Hakluyt's A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, which listed twenty-three reasons why Queen Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies.
Correct -Hakluyt argued that colonies would be a solution for unemployment. -Hakluyt argued that the English could compete against the Spanish Catholics for converted Indian souls in the New World. -Hakluyt argued that the New World needed to be rescued from the Spanish empire. Incorrect: -Hakluyt argued that it would provide England with an opportunity to unite with Spain and work toward a shared goal.
Identify which criticisms of the church and the King of England resulted in Roger Williams's banishment from the colony of Massachusetts.
Correct -He believed in religious toleration, citing that God had singled out not only the Puritans for salvation. -He was critical of the King of England for taking land from the natives without payment. Incorrect -He felt the king should be elected by the people rather than earn his position by an inherited right. -He was a great punisher of natives when trying to convert them to Puritanism. These actions were not agreeable to the church.
Identify the statements that describe Lord Calvert and his vision for Maryland.
Correct -Identify the statements that describe Lord Calvert and his vision for Maryland. -Lord Calvert was Catholic and wanted Maryland to be a refuge for those Catholics persecuted in England. Incorrect -Lord Calvert was a generous and pious man, who donated land in Maryland to English colonists who wanted to create a better life for themselves in America. -Lord Calvert wanted Maryland to be a kingdom exclusively for Catholics
In the mid-seventeenth century, some Puritan leaders began to worry about their society's growing commercialization and declining piety, or "declension." Identify the statements that describe the Half-Way Covenant and its impact on the church.
Correct -The Half-Way Covenant made ancestry, not religious conversion, the pathway into the church and inclusion among the elect. -Massachusetts churches were forced to deal with a growing problem—the religious status of the third generation. This led to the creation of the Half-Way Covenant. Incorrect -Church membership was drastically reduced by the Half-Way Covenant, resulting in the church losing its influence over the settlers. -The Half-Way Covenant made all of the emigrants during the Great Migration full members of the church, regardless of their ancestry.
Identify the statements that describe the significance of the headright system and the House of Burgesses to the development of Virginia.
Correct -The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in colonial America, and it was established in place of the governor's militaristic regime. -In order to attract more settlers, the Virginia Company introduced the headright system that awarded land to individuals who paid for their passage to the New World. Incorrect: -The headright system made it legal for colonists who did not own land to seize land from Indians to cultivate for tobacco. -The House of Burgesses was an ideal model of democracy, allowing both landowners and individuals who did not own land to vote.
The idea of freedom suddenly took on new and expanded meanings between 1640 and 1660. Identify the statements that describe the Levellers and their contributions to the expanded idea of freedom during this time.
Correct -The idea of freedom suddenly took on new and expanded meanings between 1640 and 1660. Identify the statements that describe the Levellers and their contributions to the expanded idea of freedom during this time. -offered a glimpse of the modern definition of freedom as a universal entitlement based on equal rights, not a function of social class Incorrect -instigated the downfall of the monarch and the rise of democracy in England and its colonies -wanted to give freedom an economic underpinning through the common ownership of land
Identify the statements that describe the English Civil War in 1642.
Correct -There were religious disputes about how fully the Church of England should distance its doctrines from Catholicism. -There was conflict over the concept of "English Liberty." -There was conflict over restrictions to liberties, including the king issuing taxes without parliamentary consent. Incorrect -There was conflict over further settlement of the New World.
What do these images reveal about the relationship between the settlers and Indians in New England in the 1600s?
Correct -While English settlers perceived Indians to be in need of their help, in reality they were skilled hunters and farmers and offered assistance to the settlers. -Europeans were drawn to the New World because they felt it was their Christian responsibility to "save" the Indians. -By the time settlers arrived, some Indians were accustomed to Europeans, and both offered them assistance and traded with them. Incorrect -Indians reacted violently to all settlers arriving in New England, and as a result the English encouraged emigration and colonization in order to quell their aggressions.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the founding of Harvard College in Massachusetts?
Correct -established by Massachusetts leaders to ensure an educated ministry -the first college established in the English colonies of North America Incorrect -the first college established in North America -guaranteed the religious freedom of its students
By the 1660s and 1670s, ministers were regularly castigating people for selfishness, manifestations of pride, violations of the Sabbath, and a "great backsliding" from the colony's original purposes. Identify the statements that describe "jeremiads" and how ministers used them to influence the actions of settlers.
Correct Answers: -Warnings issed by ministers for violations of the church's teachings -Interpretations of social and environmental issues-such as failed crops and disease- as God's disapproval
What does this image reveal about the life of Pocahontas?
Correct: -After her Christian conversion, her name was changed to Rebecca. -She adopted English dress after her marriage to John Rolfe. Incorrect: -After her marriage to John Rolfe, Pocahontas continued to associate strongly with her Indian heritage and opposed the continued colonization of America. -She represented the failed attempts of England to colonize America.
When compared to early and rapid success for the Spanish, the English were slow to get their colonies into a profitable state. Identify the reasons why Jamestown was unsuccessful in the first five years.
Correct: -Diseases and illnesses such as malaria, dysentery, and typhoid took a heavy toll on the settlers. -Early English settlers included numerous sons of English gentry and high-status craftsmen who did not want to grow crops or perform labor. -English colonists were too focused on finding large veins of gold as it was rumored the Spanish had done so easily. Incorrect -The English in Jamestown were more focused on converting natives than establishing a successful economic base.
Which of the following statements about Puritanism are historically accurate?
Correct: -Puritans followed the teachings of theologian John Calvin. -Puritans believed that the Church of England had not broken cleanly enough with the Catholic Church. Incorrect: -Puritans were discouraged from reading the Bible and listening to sermons. -Puritans were deeply suspicious of pride in England or Englishness
Identify the statements that describe seventeenth-century society in terms of freedom.
Describes 17th century freedom -Settlers lived on a "spectrum" of freedom that encompassed a wide variety of different kinds of freedom. -People's ideas of liberty varied enormously depending on their status in society. Does not describe 17th century freedom -Women enjoyed full economic freedom to participate in business, engage in politics, and participate in decision making in the home.
Identify the statements that describe the Great Migration and its impact on New England.
Describes: -involved the emigration of Puritans from England to Massachusetts between 1629 and the 1640s -created the foundation for a stable and thriving society in Massachusetts Does not Describe: -represented the largest flow of people out of England in the 1630s Do not try: -the name given to the flow of refugees from New Spain to North America after the Pueblo Revolt
An important strategy in England's attempt to subdue the Irish in the seventeenth century was to integrate them into English society.
False
The Spanish and the English used the language of religion to explain their campaigns of North American conquest, but each used it differently. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage comparing the two.
Just as Spain justified its empire in part by claiming to convert Indians to *Catholicism*, England expressed its imperial ambitions in terms of an obligation to liberate the New World from the tyranny of *the pope*. The first justification James I offered for the English settlement of *Virginia* was "propagating of the Christian religion [by which he meant Protestantism] to such people as yet live in darkness and miserable ignorance of the true knowledge and worship of God."
Native and English colonial groups traded many goods and ideas. Identify the goods and ideas Indians shared with the colonists.
NOT goods and ideas shared by the Indians -metal tools to improve hunting and farming Goods and ideas shared by the Indians -native farming techniques -furs and animal skins -free, uncultivated land
As a result of the Pequot War, which was caused by the massacre of the tribe for their actions against a fur trader, all remaining members of the tribe were killed or sold into slavery. The final treaty that ended the conflict stated that as punishment the tribe's name would be wiped from historical record.
True
Much like slaves, indentured servants were subjected to forced labor and brutal treatment. But unlike slaves, after completing their contracted work obligations, indentured servants received "freedom dues" and became members of society.
True