Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive
A)Cation
Electrically charged particle from loss of an electron. A)Cation B)Atom C)Molecule D)Neutron E)Anion
C)chloride
Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body? A)sodium B)potassium C)chloride D)calcium
C)Nonpolar covalent bond
A bond in which electrons are equally shared. A)Ionic bond B)Hydrogen bond C)Nonpolar covalent bond D)Polar covalent bond
D)Polar covalent bond
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally. A)Ionic bond B)Hydrogen bond C)Nonpolar covalent bond D)Polar covalent bond
B)Hydrogen bond
A type of bond that holds different parts of a single large, molecule together into a three-dimensional structure. A)Ionic bond B)Hydrogen bond C)Nonpolar covalent bond D)Polar covalent bond
A)a charge of +1
After the transfer of the electron, sodium will form an ion with ______. A)a charge of +1 B)a charge of -1 C)an atomic number of 10 D)an atomic number of 18
A)electrolytes
All ions are __________. A)electrolytes B)nonpolar molecules C)acids D)polar molecules
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
As Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed to provide energy for cellular needs, __________accumulates. adenosine diphosphate (ADP) adenosine adenosine monophosphate (AMP) ribose
D)13
Atom with 3 electrons in its outermost valence shell may have a total of __________ electrons together? A)2 B)8 C)18 D)13
B)Suspension
Blood is a? A)Solution B)Suspension C)Compound
C)proton donors or proton acceptors
Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution. A)oxygen molecules B)glucose molecules C)proton donors or proton acceptors D)hydrogen gas molecules
A)a release of energy
Catabolic reactions involve __________. A)a release of energy B)formation of chemical bonds C)synthesis D)input of energy
A)Water acts as a reactant
Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water? A)Water acts as a reactant. B)Water acts as a lubricant. C)Water has a high heat of vaporization. D)Water acts as a cushion.
A)2
How many phosphates would ADP have attached to it? A)2 B)8 C)3 D)4
C)Chemical reactions would slow down
If a cell were to become larger, but not gain or lose any of the chemicals inside, what would happen to the rate of chemical reactions? A)Chemical reactions would speed up. B)It is impossible to know. C)Chemical reactions would slow down. D)Chemical reactions would stay the same.
A)74 protons
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following? A)74 protons B)8 protons C)25 protons D)74 neutrons
D)Water
In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is __________. A)Blood B)Oxygen C)Alcohol D)Water E)Lymph
B)Water
In blood, which of the following least fits the definition of a solute? A)Potassium B)Water C)Sodium D)Calcium
A)a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte
In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following? A)a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte B)a solute, specifically both a colloid and a non electrolyte C)a solvent
Yes
Is structural framework general function for a fibrous protein?
C)lemon juice has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore a lower pH value compared to black coffee
Lemon juice is more acidic than coffee because _____________. A)lemon juice has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore a higher pH value compared to black coffee B)lemon juice has a higher concentration of hydroxyl ions and therefore a lower pH value compared to black coffee C)lemon juice has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore a lower pH value compared to black coffee Dlemon juice has a lower concentration of hydroxyl ions and therefore a higher pH value compared to black coffee
D)Amino acids
Match the following organic molecules to their biochemical building blocks: Proteins A)Nucleotides B)Monosaccharides C)Glycerol and fatty acids D)Amino acids
B)Synthesis reaction
Match the following: A + B → AB A)Reversible reaction B)Synthesis reaction C)Exchange reaction D)Decomposition reaction
C)Exchange reaction
Match the following: AB + C → AC + B A)Reversible reaction B)Synthesis reaction C)Exchange reaction D)Decomposition reaction
A)Regulate inflammation
Match the following: Eicosanoids A)Regulate inflammation B)Major component of cell membranes C)Sex hormones D)Used for energy storage and for insulation
C)Saturated
Match the following: Fatty acids with all single bonds between carbon atoms A)"Bad" fats B)Monounsaturated C)Saturated D)"Good" fats E)Polyunsaturated
E)Polyunsaturated
Match the following: Fatty acids with more than one double bond between carbon atoms A)"Bad" fats B)Monounsaturated C)Saturated D)"Good" fats E)Polyunsaturated
B)Mechanical Energy
Match the following: Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle. A)Radiant Energy B)Mechanical Energy C)Electrical Energy D)Chemical Energy
C)Composed of alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets
Match the following: Secondary structure A)The linear sequence of amino acids comprising a protein chain B)Alpha-helical or beta-pleated regions folded upon each other C)Composed of alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets D)Two or more proteins aggregated together
C)Include sex hormones
Match the following: Steroids A)Used for energy storage and for insulation B)Regulate blood clotting C)Include sex hormones D)Major component of cell membranes
C)Used for energy storage and for insulation
Match the following: Triglycerides A)Sex hormones B)Major component of cell membranes C)Used for energy storage and for insulation D)Regulate inflammation
A)Electron
Negative charged subatomic particle? A)Electron B)Proton C)Neutron D)Atom
C)Neutron
Neutral subatomic particle? A)Electron B)Proton C)Neutron D)Atom
B)Proton
Positive charged subatomic particle? A)Electron B)Proton C)Neutron D)Atom
3:1
Ratio of Fatty Acids to Glycerol?
A)Molecule
Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties A)Molecule B)Cation C)Neutron D)Anion E)Atom
D)Atom
Smallest particle that retains its properties? A)Electron B)Proton C)Neutron D)Atom
B)have more H+ ions than OH- ions
Something with a pH of 5 would __________. A)be described as being neutral B)have more H+ ions than OH- ions C)have fewer H+ ions than OH- ions D)be described as being basic
C)Neutron
Subatomic particle having an AMU of zero?A)Electron B)Proton C)Neutron D)Atom
A)Calcium
Sugars contain all of the following, except __________. A)Calcium B)Oxygen C)Carbon D)Hydrogen
D)a hydrogen atom within a water molecule
The chloride ion (Cl-) indicated by the arrow is interacting most closely with which of the following? A)another chloride ion B)an oxygen atom within a water molecule C)a sodium ion D)a hydrogen atom within a water molecule
D)steroids
The important cholesterol-based molecules are __________. A)phospholipids B)proteins C)fatty acids D)steroids
D)Protein
The main function of DNA is to direct ____________ synthesis. A)Fatty acid B)Lipids C)Carbohydrates D)Protein
A)valence shell
The outermost energy level of an atom is known as its __________. A)valence shell B)energy shell C)oribtal model D)electric shell
C)primary
The sequence of amino acids in a protein constitutes the __________ structure of the protein. A)tertiary B)secondary C)primary D)quaternary
True
True or False. A charged particle is generally called an ion or electrolyte?
True
True or False. Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of anabolism?
True
True or False. Hydrogen bonds are too weak to bind atoms together to form molecules, but they do hold different parts of a single large molecules a specific 3 dimensional shape?
A)Solution
Water is a? A)Solution B)Suspension C)Compound
A)Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? A)Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy. B)Kinetic energy may eventually become potential energy, but potential energy cannot become kinetic energy. C)Kinetic energy is stored energy and has the capacity to do work; potential energy is expressed through motion. D)Kinetic energy and potential energy are synonymous; they are defined as the capacity to do work, actively putting matter into motion.
B)4 elements Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen & Nitrogen
What makes up 96% of body weight? A)Protein B)4 elements C)118 elements D)None of the above
D)Electrons and Protons
What two parts of the atom are always equal in number in a neutral atom? A)None of the listed are correct B)Electrons and Neutrons C)Protons and Neutrons D)Electrons and Protons
C)The rate of chemical reactions will speed up.
When a cell is placed in a solution that is more concentrated, water will leave the cell and the cell will shrink. What will happen to the rate of intracellular chemical reactions in this situation? A)The rate of chemical reactions will slow down. B)The rate of chemical reactions will stay the same. C)The rate of chemical reactions will speed up.
A)Atom w/ 11 electrons
Which atom is most likely to participate in an ionic bond? A)Atom w/ 11 electrons B)Atom w/2 electrons C)Atom w/ 26 electrons D)Atom w/10 electrons
D)Chemical Energy
Which form of energy is the most useful form of energy in living systems? A)Radiant Energy B)Mechanical Energy C)Electrical Energy D)Chemical Energy
E)Color
Which is not a factor in influencing reaction rate? A)Temperature B)Concentration C)Size D)Catalyst E)Color
D)Atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element.
Which is true concerning atomic weight? A)Atomic weight does not always equal a round number due to atoms having larger or smaller protons. B)Atomic weight and atomic mass are equal. C)Atomic weight is the weight of an atom of a particular element. D)Atomic weight is the average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element.
D)A single covalent bond is formed between carbon and each of the four hydrogen atoms.
Which of the following accurately describes what is occurring in the illustrated reaction? A)A quadruple covalent bond is formed between carbon and one hydrogen atom. B)An ionic bond is formed between carbon and the four hydrogen atoms. C)A hydrogen bond is formed between carbon and the four hydrogen atoms. D)A single covalent bond is formed between carbon and each of the four hydrogen atoms.
A)Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.
Which of the following best defines potential energy? A)Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so. B)Potential energy is energy that travels in waves, and includes visible light and radio waves. C)Potential energy is energy that has achieved its potential—energy in action, seen in the constant movement of the tiniest particles of matter, as well as in larger objects. D)Potential energy is energy that cannot be converted to kinetic energy.
B)RNA: Bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U)
Which of the following characteristics is correctly paired with the corresponding nucleic acid type? A)DNA: Major cellular site is the cytoplasm (cell area outside the nucleus) B)RNA: Bases are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U) C)DNA: Carries out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis D)RNA: Structure is a double strand coiled into a double helix
C)When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope.
Which of the following does not represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter? A)A molecule contains two or more atoms. B)Protons, neutrons, and electrons comprise atoms, which chemically bond with other atoms to form molecules. C)When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope. D)Mixtures are substances composed of two or more components physically blended.
D)High concentration of reacting particles
Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction? A)Removing the biological catalysts B)Larger reacting particles C)Lower temperature D)High concentration of reacting particles
D)Nucleic acids to DNA
Which of the following incorrectly matches a macromolecule with its building blocks? A)Proteins to amino acids B)Carbohydrates to monosaccharides C)Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol D)Nucleic acids to DNA
B)Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
Which of the following is (are) found in all carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids? A)Carbon and hydrogen only B)Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only C)Carbon only D)Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
C)The weight of matter remains constant wherever it is located.
Which of the following is FALSE? A)With some exceptions, matter can be seen, smelled, and felt. B)The mass of matter remains constant wherever it is located. C)The weight of matter remains constant wherever it is located. D)Matter exists in solid, liquid, and gaseous states.
D)Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous.
Which of the following is NOT a difference between a compound and a mixture? A)Mixtures can be separated by physical means, for example, straining, filtering, or evaporation. Compounds can only be separated into their constituent atoms by chemically breaking bonds. B)No chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture. The properties of atoms and molecules are not changed when they become part of a mixture. C)Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous. D)Some mixtures are homogenous, while others are heterogeneous. All compounds are homogeneous.
B)X rays
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of matter? A)oxygen gas B)X rays C)blood D)bone
B)Blood is a suspension.
Which of the following is correctly matched? A)Jell-O is a solution. B)Blood is a suspension. C)Mineral water is a colloid. D)Blood is a colloid.
C)Carbon contains six valence shell electrons. It contains 4.
Which of the following is false regarding carbon? A)Carbon always shares electrons. B)All carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and fats contain carbon. C)Carbon contains six valence shell electrons. D)Carbon never loses or gains electrons.
D)a solution
Which of the following is formed once the ions in the salt crystal have completely dissociated from one another? A)a colloid B)a suspension C)a buffer D)a solution
D)True solutions are usually opaque due to the number of solutes dissolved in the solution.
Which of the following is incorrect regarding true solutions? A)True solutions contain gases, liquids, or solids dissolved in water. B)If a beam of light is passed through a true solution, you will not see the path of light. C)The solutes of true solutions are very small, usually in the form of individual atoms and molecules. D)True solutions are usually opaque due to the number of solutes dissolved in the solution.
D)Water can easily split into its component parts of H and OH in order to balance acid in the body.
Which of the following is not a property of water? A)Water is important in breaking apart proteins and carbohydrates in digestion. B)Water resists changes in temperature caused by external factors. C)Water helps protect certain organs from physical trauma. D)Water can easily split into its component parts of H and OH in order to balance acid in the body.
B)An acidic substance will have a sticky feel. You don't wanna touch acid duh :)~
Which of the following is not a way to distinguish an acid from a base? A)When tasting an acidic substance, it will have a sour taste. B)An acidic substance will have a sticky feel. C)When tasting a basic substance, it will have a bitter taste. D)A basic substance will have a slippery feel.
D)DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.
Which of the following is not true of DNA? A)DNA replicates itself before cell division, ensuring that all genetic information in the descendent cells is identical. B)DNA provides the basic instructions for building every protein in the body. C)The DNA molecule is coiled into a spiral staircase-like structure called a double helix. D)DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.
C)Glycogen
Which of the following is the storage carbohydrate of animal tissues? A)Starch B)Glucose C)Glycogen D)Cellulose
D)The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
Which of the following is true concerning atomic number? A)The atomic number is an average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes. B)The atomic number of an atom is the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons. C)Protons and neutrons are heavy particles and have approximately the same mass, arbitrarily designated as 1 atomic number. D)The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.
B)Using mass number notation, we can identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Which of the following is true concerning mass number? A)The mass number is equal to the number of protons. Thus, the mass number of Helium is 2. B)Using mass number notation, we can identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. C)Isotopes differ in their numbers of electrons. D)The mass of electrons contributes significantly to mass number.
A)Chemical reactions progress most rapidly when the reacting particles are present in high numbers because their chance of successful collisions is greater.
Which of the following is true concerning the rates of chemical reactions? A)Chemical reactions progress most rapidly when the reacting particles are present in high numbers because their chance of successful collisions is greater. B)Catalysts are molecules that speed up chemical reactions as they chemically change. C)The larger the molecule the more readily it can find another molecule to react with. D)Higher temperature reduces the speed that molecules travel so they have more time to react.
B)Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
Which of the following is true of an isotope? A)All isotopes of a given element are found in equal amounts. B)Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain. C)Isotopes have the same number of neutrons, but differ in the number of protons they contain. D)Isotopes only exist for a few elements.
B)One mole of any substance always contains exactly the same number of solute particles, that is, 6.02 x 1023. This number is called Avogadro's number.
Which of the following is true of concentrations of solutions? A)Equal grams of a molecule are used to calculate a molar solution. B)One mole of any substance always contains exactly the same number of solute particles, that is, 6.02 x 1023. This number is called Avogadro's number. C)The beauty of using the mole as the basis of preparing solutions is it allows for one way to calculate concentration. D)Solutions refer to the to the solvent percentage, and unless otherwise noted, water is assumed to be the solute.
B)Water is added and building blocks are released
Which of the following is true regarding hydrolysis reactions? A)Water molecules are added as the polymer elongates. B)Water is added and building blocks are released. C)Monomers are joined together. D)Covalent bonds unite the monomers.
D)Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.
Which of the following is true regarding solutions? A)In a true solution, the amount of solvent and solutes is the same. B)In a solution, the solvent is present in the least quantity. C)A solution cannot be a solid. D)Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids.
B)Hydrogen bonds are one of the strongest bonds that bind atoms together.
Which of the following is untrue concerning hydrogen bonds? A)Hydrogen bonds contribute to the structure of proteins. B)Hydrogen bonds are one of the strongest bonds that bind atoms together. C)Hydrogen bonds contribute to the structure of DNA. D)Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the tendency of water molecules to cling together and form films, referred to as surface tension
C)Omega-3 fatty acids
Which of the following lipids appears to decrease the risk of heart disease? A)Trans fats B)Phospholipids C)Omega-3 fatty acids D)Steroids
B)Jello
Which of the following represents a heterogeneous mixture where the solute particles do not settle out? A)Mineral Water B)Jello C)Blood
D)None of the above
Which of the following represents a homogeneous mixtures where the composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture? A)Mineral Water B)Jello C)Blood D)None of the above
A)Mineral Water
Which of the following represents a homogeneous mixtures? A)Mineral Water B)Jello C)Blood D)None of the above
A)The dipole molecules are electrically balanced.
Which of the following statements about a dipole, or polar molecule, is incorrect? A)The dipole molecules are electrically balanced. B)An example of a dipole molecule is water. C)They play essential roles in chemical reactions in body cells. D)They orient themselves towards other dipole molecules.
B)It is a type of stored energy
Which of the following statements about kinetic energy is incorrect? A)It can do work by moving one object to start a series of objects moving. B)It is a type of stored energy. C)It works by moving objects. D)It is energy in action.
C)Just as an atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element, a molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the specific characteristics of the compound.
Which of the following statements concerning molecules and compounds is true? A)If two or more atoms of the same element combine, the resulting substance is called a compound of that element. B)When two or more different kinds of atoms bind, they form a compound of a molecule. C)Just as an atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of the element, a molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has the specific characteristics of the compound. D)The properties of compounds are usually very similar to those of the atoms they contain.
C)H+ and hydroxyl ion (OH−) are the most abundant and important salts in the body.
Which of the following statements concerning water, salt, and electrolytes is untrue? A)All ions are electrolytes, substances that conduct an electrical current in solution. Electricity in the body is conducted by electrolyes. B)Maintaining proper ionic balance in our body fluids is one of the most crucial homeostatic roles of the kidneys. C)H+ and hydroxyl ion (OH−) are the most abundant and important salts in the body. D)The electrolyte properties of sodium and potassium ions are essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
A)An atom loses the unique properties of its element when it is split into its subatomic particles.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the structure of atoms? A)An atom loses the unique properties of its element when it is split into its subatomic particles. B)Atoms are indivisible. C)The large variability in size of atoms, with the larger atoms being 10,000 times the size of smaller atoms, gives atoms their unique properties. D)The subatomic particles of an atom are generally equal in size.
B)Synthesis reaction
Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule? A)Reversible reaction B)Synthesis reaction C)Exchange reaction D)Decomposition reaction
B)proteins
Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body? A)lipids B)proteins C)nucleic acids D)carbohydrates
C)pH of 3
Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9? A)pH of 9 B)pH of 7 C)pH of 3
C)Each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called atoms.
Which statement concerning elements is true? A)All matter is composed of elements, commons substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods. B)Some common elements are salt, acid, and water. C)Each element is composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called atoms. D)All elements are naturally occurring.
C)Ionizing radiation damages tissue by directly damaging organic molecules.
Which statement is incorrect concerning radioisotopes? A)Alpha emission is easily blocked outside the body but if absorbed causes considerable damage. B)All radioisotopes, regardless of the purpose for which they are used, damage living tissue. C)Ionizing radiation damages tissue by directly damaging organic molecules. D)Most radioisotopes used in the clinical setting are used for diagnosis, that is, to localize and illuminate damaged or cancerous tissues.
A)RNA carries out genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
Which statement is true regarding RNA? A)RNA carries out genetic instructions for protein synthesis. B)RNA can be both double-stranded and single-stranded depending on its function. C)RNA is chiefly located within the nucleus. D)The four nucleotides for RNA are adenine, abbreviated A; guanine, G; cytosine, C; and thymine, T.
D)Hydrogen bond
Which type of bond exists between water molecules? A)Polar covalent bond B)Ionic bond C)Nonpolar covalent bond D)Hydrogen bond
A)8
An atom has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many neutrons does this atom have? A)8 B)6 c)14 D)Not enough information to determine
A)a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other
An ionic bond is __________. A)a chemical bond between atoms formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other B)formed when electrons shared between two or more atoms are unequally shared C)a chemical bond where two atoms equally share the electrons in the outer shell D)formed when a hydrogen atom already covalently linked to one electronegative atom attracts to another electron-hungry atom to form a "bridge"
C)Carbohydrates
An organic compound is analyzed, and it has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound is most likely a __________. A)Nucleic Acid B)Protein C)Carbohydrates D)Lipids
B)are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms
Chemical bonds __________. A)are physical structures that hold atoms together B)are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms C)take a long time to break D)are energy relationships between the protons of the reacting atoms
A)steroid
Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as? A)steroid B)phospholipid C)triglyceride
B)Enzyme proteins
Disaccharidases hydrolyzing disaccharides is an example of which type of proteins? A)Contractile proteins B)Enzyme proteins C)Structural proteins D)Transport proteins E)Communication proteins
D)Just as with acidity, temperature can denature proteins.
Fever is a body defense mechanism that speeds healing by increasing enzyme actions that are necessary to overcome a pathogen. However, higher temperature can also have which negative effect? A)Temperature only increases the speed of activation for those reactions that absorb energy. B)Temperature slows down some reactions. C)Temperature only increases the speed of activation for those reactions that release energy. D)Just as with acidity, temperature can denature proteins. E)Temperature also raises the activation energy of enzyme action.
B)one atom donates an electron to the other atom
Ionic bonds form between two atoms when __________. A)the two atoms share electrons B)one atom donates an electron to the other atom C)protons are exchanged D)neutrons are exchanged
A)Ionic bond
Large numbers of Na+ and Cl- ions associate to form salt (NaCl) crystals. This is an example of which bonding type? A)Ionic bond B)Hydrogen bond C)Nonpolar covalent bond D)Polar covalent bond
D)Lipids
Prostaglandins are __________. A)Enzymes B)Protein C)Carbohydrates D)Lipids
C)Electrical Energy
Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor or the flow of ions across a membrane. A)Radiant Energy B)Mechanical Energy C)Electrical Energy D)Chemical Energy
C)Carbohydrates, particularly glucose
Select the major energy fuel for forming adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A)Polysaccharides, particularly glycogen B)Proteins, particularly long polypeptides C)Carbohydrates, particularly glucose D)Lipids, particularly triglycerides E)Nucleic acids, particularly DNA
B)monosaccharides
The building blocks of carbohydrates are called _________________. A)nucleotides B)monosaccharides C)amino acids D)glycerol and fatty acids
B)endergonic dehydration synthesis
The chemical reaction shown at step C is an ______. A)endergonic hydrolysis B)endergonic dehydration synthesis C)exergonic hydrolysis D)exergonic dehydration synthesis
Fasle Polar molecules are the result of unequal electron sharing.
True or False? Nonpolar molecules are the result of unequal electron pair sharing.
False Collins may also be called emulsions.
True or False? Suspensions may also be called emulsions.
A)Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.
Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel? A)Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond. B)Water acts as a cofactor for enzymes that dissolve the salt. C)When water is added to the NaCl, NaCl is broken down by adding OH- to one element and H+ to the other. This is known as hydrolysis
B)Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen.
What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule? A)Protons are transferred from oxygen to hydrogen during the formation of an ionic bond. B)Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen. C)Hydrogen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen. D)Electrons are transferred from hydrogen to oxygen during the formation of an ionic bond.
C)alkaline solution A pH between 0.0 and 7.0 is acidic. A pH between 7.0 and 14.0 is basic. Therefore, a solution with a pH of 8.3 is an alkaline (or basic) solution.
What is the classification of a solution with a pH of 8.3? A)buffered solution B)acidic solution C)alkaline solution D)neutral solution
C)O
What is the most common element in the body? A)C B)N C)O D)H
A)ATP
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells? A)ATP B)RNA C)TACT D)DNA
C)Every element's atoms differ from those of all other elements and give the element its unique physical and chemical properties.
Which statement is true? A)Chemical properties are those we can detect with our senses or measure. B)Each element is designated by one or two atomic symbols. C)Every element's atoms differ from those of all other elements and give the element its unique physical and chemical properties. D)Physical properties are the properties that pertain to the way atoms interact.
D)Solutions, colloids, and suspensions are all present within a human being.
Which statement is true? A)Solutions, also called emulsions, are heterogeneous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture. B)Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures with large, often visible solutes that tend to settle out. C)Suspensions are homogeneous mixtures of components that may be gases, liquids, or solids. Homogeneous means that the mixture has exactly the same composition or makeup throughout. D)Solutions, colloids, and suspensions are all present within a human being.
D)Protons and Neutrons
Which subatomic particles are equal in atomic mass? A)None of subatomic particles are equal B)Protons and Electrons C)Electrons and Neutrons D)Protons and Neutrons
C)Less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions require less activation energy and therefore are initiated with a lower input of energy. This activation energy represents the energy necessary for driving the early stages of the reaction: creating contact between properly oriented substrates, breaking original bonds, and so on.
hich of the following statements is true regarding the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (B) compared to the uncatalyzed reaction (A)? A)The products of the reaction with enzyme contain more chemical potential energy. B)The reaction in the presence of enzyme releases more energy. C)Less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme. The reaction in the presence of enzyme will form larger products. D)All of the listed responses are true.
D)hydrogen ions in a solution
pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of __________. A)hydroxyl ions in a solution B)cations in a solution C)anions in a solution D)hydrogen ions in a solution
