Chapter 2

Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior "built" meanings through common experiences and negotiations are cultural _____________.

Constructions

The act of leaning the cultural rules and logic of a society is referred to as _________________.

Enculturation

Clifford Geertz, a highly regarded anthropologist, developed the interpretive theory of culture, which is the idea that culture is transmitted and embodied in the values that people tell each other.

False

People rarely hold conflicting values.

False

The principles that orient one's thinking about what it means to be a citizen or a member of a community are called norms.

False

the Gusii of Kenya, being close to a baby or child is intended to give them more independence so that they can venture on their own later in life.

False

____________ are scholars that emphasize that social institutions work together in an integrated and balanced fashion to keep the whole society working smoothly. This idea was popular beginning int he 1920s but received criticism for being to closed, autonomous, and stable.

Functionalists

The point about Ben Finney's research in Papua New Guinea is that he explored many different issues related to coffee and everyday life among the people of the highlands. This is an example of exploring a __________ perspective.

Holistic

Learning about social hierarchy, such as how to sit facing forward in a classroom and listening to a teacher, is a form of ________ learning.

Implicit

Overcoming ethnocentrism is an important part of being an anthropologist and understanding other cultures. One approach to avoiding ethnocentrism is _______________, where anthropologist attempt to understand another culture on its own terms through learning values, beliefs, and goals associated with that culture.

Relativism

Which of these words does not fit a definition of culture. Culture is _______________.

Static

The difference between a wink and a twitch or a blink can be rather subtle. Correctly interpreting the intent of the person winking or twitching, however, can make a significant difference. The wink is an example of a _____________, something that can have deeper meaning and stand for something else.

Symbol

Norms tend to be something that we often are not conscious of until they are broken. For instance, when you receive disapproving looks for doing something wrong.

True

One of the benefits of learning about people's perspectives in other cultures is that it allows us to appreciate and understand just how artificial our beliefs are. Culture can shape much of what we do from sleep to eat to survive.

True

When a minority or immigrant culture differs from mainstream culture, it becomes more visible to everyone in society. This often makes those ccultures less powerful and more unequal. This notion coincides with the theory that the more culture one has the less power one wields. The more power, the less one appears to have culture.

True

Norms are stable because

people learn them when they are young

The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates:

the power of tradition

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals