Chapter 2: East Asia
What is Patriotism?
Being proud of your country.
What does Kamikaze mean?
Divine Wind. --Also was the name for Japanese suicide pilots in WWII.
How was printing a gift?
Encouraged people to read, cheaper books, didn't have to write by hand, as before 1450, monks hand wrote many books, and there were many illiterate people.
What is Nationalism?
Feeling of superiority, which translates into conquest. They think think they are doing countries a favor by conquering them.
What are monsoons?
Heavy rainfall accompanied by extreme wind.
What are nomads?
People who move around to find food and shelter.
How was porcelain a gift?
Made from Kaolin, very fine China, used in dishware or decoration.
How was paper a gift?
The Chinese were the first to use paper, made from wood and rags. (Before they used papyrus, stone, and clay tablets).
What did East Asia do to increase farming?
Used terracing and floating farms.
What is a Winter Monsoon?
Vacuum of Dry Air over water that travels across to land where it meets cool air, picking up moisture, dropping rainfall on Japan and Taiwan.
What are some of the cities on the rivers?
a) Chung Ching b) Whuhan c) Manking d) Shanghai
What were some other gifts?
a) Collar harness- made to prevent the horse's neck from snapping. Sat on shoulders. b) Wheelbarrow c) Iron Casting- put on ships or other wooden items, given resistance and strength. d) Crossbow e) Suspension bridges (Golden Gate Bridge)
What are the religions and philosophers?
a) Confucianism b) Mencius c) Lao-Tze d) Buddhism
What are the mountains of East Asia?
a) Himalayas b) Karakoram c) Hindu Kush d) Pamirs e) Tine Shen f) Altai
What are the two currents around Japan?
a) The Black Current (warm) b) The Kurile Current (cold)
What were East Asia's Gifts to the World?
a) The Compass b) Gunpowder c) Printing d) Paper e) Porcelain
How was the compass a gift?
It opened up the Age of Discovery, along with the Astrolabe.
What is the geography of China like?
• 2/3 of China is more than a mile above sea level. Mountainous Not good farming Very cold, thin air Every 300 ft. you go up, you lose a degree.
What are the characteristics of Nationalist China (Taiwan)?
• 2x the size of Connecticut • About 14,000 square miles • Its original name was Formosa before it was changed to Taiwan
How much of China is on the mainland?
• 95%. The other 5% is National China (Taiwan). • China is about 3.8 million sq. miles.
What is East Asia?
• A huge and crowded region • Asia is the largest continent. • East Asia has been called- The Far East The Orient
What are some characteristics of Korea?
• A wide peninsula (surrounded by water on three sides) • About 500 miles long, 250 miles wide • Roughly half the size of California • Divided at the 38th parallel • North- The People's Democratic Republic of Korea (Communist) • South- The Republic of Korea (Nationalist)
What is fishing like in East Asia?
• Because of Japan's limited farmland, they had to go to the sea. • The Japanese are on two currents, and where they meet is perfect for fishing. • Japan is #1 in exporting fish (commercial) • China is #3, but they don't catch enough to export, and keep it for themselves.
How was China a troubled spot in world affairs?
• China was in a civil war from the 1920s till 1949, between the Nationalists and Communists. The communists won, and in 1949, Communist China joined with communist Russia. • There were then problems in Korea and Vietnam. • The Nationalists fled to Taiwan.
What are the minerals of East Asia?
• Coal • Anthracite—Hard coal found in North Korea, used for making steel. • China is one of the world leaders in Tungsten. • Japan is one of the leaders in Manganese.
What were the riches of East Asia?
• Columbus wanted to find riches in Asia, spices especially to bring back to Europe, ran into North America. • In Asia, gifts included: i) Silks ii) Spices iii) Jewels
What are river valleys?
• Earliest people settled here, as it was easy to get food and water i) Rich topsoil from early flooding ii) Irrigation iii) Transportation (Boats) iv) Protein (Fish)
What is the Soil in East Asia like?
• East Asia has a lot of land, 4,000,000 sq. miles. • Only 10% of that land can be farmed (Too mountainous, hilly, cold, and dry). • River valleys are the exception.
What are the climates of East Asia?
• East Asia is about 3,500 miles east to west, 2,500 miles from north to south. a) Humid Sub-Tropical b) Humid Continental c) Steppe d) Desert e) Vertical Climate
Who was Mencius?
• Follower of Confucius. • Born in 372 B.C. • Put more faith in the people than in the government? • Believed that incompetent rulers should be overthrown. • Mandate of Heaven
What is the Desert part of Asia like?
• Gobi • Less than 10 inches of rainfall.
What is a Summer Monsoon?
• Hot air rises • Vacuum over Central Asia that travels north and over to the ocean. • Hits cool air, travels south picking up moisture China and Korea
How was Japan a troubled spot in world affairs?
• In 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry was an U.S. admiral who initiated contact between the U.S. and Asia in 1854, to open trade (Tokyo Bay, Edo Bay) • Because of this interaction, the Japanese wanted to industrialize. (This caused problems)
How was Korea a troubled spot in world affairs?
• In 1950, the Korean War began (About ideology). • In 1942 it had been decided that Russia would get North Korea, and the U.S. would get South Korea, but also that the Korean people would have a vote on which side they would choose, Communist, or Democratic. Russia and China never allowed this to occur. • The war broke out when the North invaded the South.
What are the rivers like in Japan?
• Japan has a lot of mountains, so the rivers are more so used for hydroelectricity, than for transportation, as they move very fast. (Not good for industry) • 85% of Japan is mountainous. • 250 mountains over 6,500 ft. • Most famous mountain is Mt. Fujiyama, 12,000 ft. high. • Since Japan has all these mountains, they don't have enough farmland, so they have had to do several things.
What is the Chinese language like?
• More people have spoken Chinese than any other language in the history of the world. • They have been a major civilization for thousands of years. • Sing-song musical sound, as Chinese words only have one syllable each, have to differentiate by tone. • It is difficult to speak, and harder to write. (No alphabet, only ideographs) • Further complicated by dialects (accent, different words for the same thing) • 2/3 of the Chinese people do speak a language called Mandarin (Primarily the educated Chinese had spoken it)
What is Confucianism?
• More than a religion, a way of life. • No supreme being. • Set up by Confucius • Confucius was born around 550 B.C., around the time of feudalism. a) Wanted to make sure that the people were provided with food b) Weapons for the people c) Had to be confidence of the people and the ruler d) Wanted the ruler to be from all classes, universal education, that everyone had fair opportunities. • With this done, Confucius wanted the people to respect and obey the leaders. • His writings were the Five Classics • He created Civil Service • 200 million people still follow him.
What are the Himalayas like?
• Mt. Everest- 30,000 ft. Wasn't climbed by a westerner until 1953. (Sir Edmund Hillary) • The Himalayan Mountains separates East and South Asia. • Formed from the Indian sub-continent smashing into Asia millions of years ago. • 15,000 miles long, 150 miles wide. • Himalaya- House of Snow
What is the Humid Continental part of Asia like?
• North China, Manchuria, and North Korea • Summers are hot and rainy. • Winters are cold and dry.
What is Brown China like?
• North China, above the Tsinling Mountains • Cold winters • Warm summers • "The land of wheat and sorghum"
What is the Steppe part of Asia like?
• Plains with grassland • Mongolia • Hot summers and cold winters. • Not a lot of rainfall, about 20 inches per year, not good for farming.
Why is the Yellow River known as "China's Savior and Sorrow"?
• Savior—Flooding, causing rich soil • Sorrow—Drought, famine
What is the Humid Sub-Tropical part of Asia like?
• Southern China, South Korea, and Taiwan • Warm and hot summers, mild winters. • Much of the rainfall happens in the summer.
What was the beginning of the end for the Japanese empire?
• The Attack on Pearl Harbor • They knew that there was a world war, and they wanted oil and supplies from U.S. islands, and they needed the U.S. out of the war to do this. • They failed and lost everything.
What connects the Yellow and the Yangtze Rivers?
• The Grand Canal • Constructed by Kublai Khan and visited by Marco Polo
What is Tibet?
• The Roof of the World • The highest landmass inhabited by people • Roughly 15,000 ft. high, about 3 miles above sea level. • Lhasa—Capital City • Dali Lama—Leader
What is the Japanese language like?
• The language originated in North-East Asia • More than one syllable, same all over the country. • Alphabet is Kana • Until 500 A.D., Japan only had a spoken language.
What is Green China like?
• The southern part of China (Warmer) • Rice Bowl (Most of the rice is grown there) • Population Center • Use terracing to grow plants. (Done on a hill, like stairs)
What is Dry China like?
• The western part of China • The land of nomads.
How did the Japanese cause problems when they started to industrialize?
• They put themselves above all the other nations, and Japan started conquering, using new military machines and tools. • They justified this by saying they needed food. • Their conquest included: i) Taiwan ii) Korea iii) Manchuria iv) Parts of China • However, Japan had a huge fishing industry to find food.
Who used the Mandate of Heaven in the 1700s?
• Thomas Jefferson • Used the Mandate of Heaven to write the Declaration of Independence. • This justified the break from England, Self-Determination.
What is the Vertical Climate of Asia like?
• Tibet • The higher you go, the colder it gets.
What was some artwork from Japan?
1) Art of Arranging Flowers 2) Origami (Ancient art of paper folding) 3) Tea Ceremony 4) Kabkai- a play a) Actors are all men b) Very fast paced c) Very bright costumes d) About the heroes of early Japan
What are the three geographical groupings of China?
1) Brown China 2) Green China 3) Dry China
What was some artwork from China?
1) Calligraphy- very fancy writing 2) Painting- valued nature more than people 3) Ceramics- kaolin
What are other religions of East Asia?
1) Christianity- introduced about 1500 AD. European missionaries. 2) Islam- introduced by the Mongols, Genghis Khan.
What was Buddhism?
1) Originated in India well over 2,000 years ago. 2) Followers were asked to follow the Good Life, ultimate goal was to reach Nirvana (Free from sin), a state of perfection. 3) Reincarnation
What were some characteristics of Shinto?
1) Started out as nature worship 2) Taught the Japanese that the islands were a place of the gods, thought they were superior. 3) High levels of patriotism and nationalism. 4) Led to military conquest
Who was Lao-Tze?
1) Wrote the Book of Tao. (Be humble, non-arrogance) 2) Best government is one that interferes as little as possible. 3) A Utopian Society- want everything to be perfect, equal. (This Failed) Ex.) Communist Russia
What are China's rivers?
1) Yellow River- Longest river in China, over 3,000 miles long. China's civilization began here. "China's Savior and Sorrow" 2) Yangtze River- Most important river for transportation and industry. Many main cities are located on this river.
What are the two things Japan has done to get food?
1. Gone to the Sea 2. Conquest
What are the 4 main islands of Japan?
1. Hokkaido 2. Honshu 3. Shi-Koku 4. Kyushu
What did the Chinese believe about other countries?
Since early times the Chinese believed that their country was superior. Outsiders were called barbarians
Who first told the world about the Japanese?
China
How has East Asia been divided up?
Into two groups: 1) Communist i) People's Republic of China ii) People's Democratic Republic of Korea (North) 2) Independent i) Japan ii) Republic of Korea (South) iii) Nationalist China
How was gunpowder a gift?
It changed the methods of warfare in Europe
What was the main religion in Japan?
Shinto- Way of the gods
What was the trade route used by the Greeks and Romans to Asia?
The Silk Road—The Land Route • The all water route saved time and money, making goods cheaper.
What are some characteristics of Japan?
• 1,330 miles long from top to bottom • Part of the Fire Rim of the Pacific (volcanic activity) • Roughly 3x New York State
What are the countries that make up East Asia?
a.) Japan- Nippon, Land of the Rising Sun (Named by China) b.) Korea- North and South, divided at the 38th parallel c.) China- The People's Republic (communist, mainland) - Nationalist China (located on the island of Taiwan because of the Civil War)
What happened to China during the 1700s?
~ They had been on a higher level than Europe until the Industrial Revolution occurred in the 1700s. ~China refused to adopt the industrial revolution while Europe caught up and went beyond.
