Chapter 2 Exam

The endocrine system is directly involved with ____. - Pleasure and pain - Arousal, metabolism, growth and sex - Movement and balance - Vision, hearing, and taste

Arousal, metabolism, growth and sex

What cortices are important for helping us form abstract thoughts related to our senses? - Motor - Somatosensory - Basal - Association

Association

Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the __________ nervous system. - Central - Peripheral - Parietal - Temporal

Peripheral

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the central nervous system and the __________ nervous system. - Somatic - Sympathetic - Autonomic - Peripheral

Peripheral

Marcus is excited to be working in the laboratory of Dr. Flores, an expert on electrical signaling in neurons. However, he is surprised to learn that the research is done on squid axons placed in sea water. He asks Dr. Flores the reasons for this. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that Dr. Flores provides? - Sea water has a chemical composition similar to the fluid surrounding our body's cells - Squid axons are myelinated, increasing the speed of propagation of an action potential - Squid axons can be as great as one millimeter in diameter - A recording electrode can be inserted into a squid axon without disrupting its function

Squid axons are myelinated, increasing the speed of propagation of an action potential

The story of Phineas Gage demonstrates that ____. - A person cannot walk if the frontal lobe is damaged - A person cannot live if the frontal lobe is damaged - The frontal lobe seems to be a large mass of tissue that does not have any particular function - The frontal lobe seems to be involved in emotion and decision making

The frontal lobe seems to be involved in emotion and decision making

Molly, a second year neuroscience graduate student, treats neurons grown in a petri dish with drugs that "block" the function of neuronal receptors. What is a consequence of the drug treatment? - The neurons will become hyperpolarized, initiating a refractory period - The synaptic vesicles will be void of neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication - The neurons will not be able to "sense" neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication - Action potentials will fire immediately, enhancing neuronal communication

The neurons will not be able to "sense" neurotransmitters, blocking neuronal communication

Neuronal communication is a two-step process. In the second step, which takes place between two neurons, what does the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal of the first neuron signal? - The synthesis of neurotransmitters by specialized enzymes - The uptake of neurotransmitters from the extracellular space - The release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular fluid - The enzymes breakdown of residual neurotransmitters

The release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular fluid

Which of the following is NOT true of action potentials? - They are followed by a refractory period - They all travel at the same speed - They are generated according to an all - or - none principle - They are electrical charges that propagate down the axon

They all travel at the same speed

Which of the following descriptions of the cerebral cortical lobes is INCORRECT? - Parietal involved with motor behaviors - Frontal involved with personality and emotion - Temporal involved with processing auditory experience - Occipital involved with processing visual information

Parietal involved with motor behaviors

Axons leaving the spinal cord - Form the cranial nerves - Are characterized by all of these - Carry sensory and motor messages - Make a total of 22 pairs of nerves

Carry sensory and motor messages

The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the __________ nervous system. - Autonomic - Central - Sympathetic - Somatic

Central

Research finds that approximately ____ percent of human beings use the left side of their brains for language tasks, in addition to math skills, judging time and rhythm, and coordinating the order of complex movements. - 70 - 95 - 40 - 25

95

Damage to the midbrain would most likely result in ____. - The inability to regulate blood pressure - Changes in pain perception - The inability to speak - Difficulties facial expressions

Changes in pain perception

You are watching a really scary movie. The main character is about to be attacked by a monster. You look over to the person sitting next to you and see fear in his face. What part of the limbic system allows you to evaluate his expression? - Thalamus - Hippocampus - Hypothalamus - Amygdala

Amygdala

The reflex arc occurs when a stimulus provokes a(n) - Automatic response from a cranial nerve - Automatic response within the spinal cord without brain involvement - Automatic response from the brain - Somatic response from the brain

Automatic response within the spinal cord without brain involvement

Dr. Gedge is examining a cell under a microscope. He sees a long, fibrous strand of tissue extending from one end of the cell body. He immediately recognizes this as a(n) ____, which is responsible for ____. - Dendrite; carrying signals away from the cell body - Dendrite; receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body - Axon; receiving signals from other cells and carrying them toward the cell body - Axon; carrying signals away from the cell body

Axon; carrying signals away from the cell body

Which of the following is NOT a function of the reticular formation? - Regulates attention - Regulates arousal - Controls heartbeat - Connects the hindbrain with the forebrain

Controls heartbeat

Professor Freeman calls on his student Maya to describe how the presence of myelin affects an action potential. Maya should respond with which of the following statements? - Current flows along the unmyelinated segments and action potentials propagate along the myelinated portions of the axon, decreasing the speed and efficiency of the action potential - Current flows along the unmyelinated segments and action potentials propagate along the myelinated portions of the axon, increasing the speed and efficiency of the action potential - Current flows under the myelin and action potentials propagate along the unmyelinated segments of the axon, decreasing the speed and efficiency of the action potential - Current flows under the myelin and action potentials propagate along the unmyelinated segments of the axon, increasing the speed and efficiency of the action potential

Current flows under the myelin and action potentials propagate along the unmyelinated segments of the axon, increasing the speed and efficiency of the action potential

Eycine operated the telephone switchboard at a large company, answering calls and directing them to the appropriate extensions. Remembering her introductory psychology class, she decided that her situation was much like that of the ____ of neurons, because numerous people could call her at one time, but she could send out only one call at a time. - Hormones and target organs - Dendrites and axons - Synapses and neurotransmitters - Myelin and mitochondria

Dendrites and axons

Feelings of pleasure or euphoria similar to being "high" on morphine occur when which of the following are released in the brain? - Acetylcholines - Neurilemmas - Endorphins - Synaptic vesicles

Endorphins

How does the input of olfactory information to the brain differ from other sensory input pathways? - The first direct connection is to the thalamus and not to the medulla - It does not require the cortex for higher order processing - Prior to making connections with the medulla, sensory input travels through the spinal cord - Direct connections to the thalamus are not made before information reaches the cortex

Direct connections to the thalamus are not made before information reaches the cortex

Any device, such as a wire, needle, or metal plate, used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record its activity is called a(n) - Telemetry instrument - Electrode - Inductor - Neuralizer

Electrode

Which of the following best explains the roles of genetics and environment in determining personality? - Genetic factors interact with environmental factors to determine our personalities - Environmental factors determine our personalities - Neither genetics nor environmental factors ultimately determine our personalities - Genetic factors determine our personalities

Genetic factors interact with environmental factors to determine our personalities

Which of the following is an example of the autonomic nervous system at work? - Peter struggles to scratch an itch in the middle of his back - Manoj enjoys listening to bird songs early in the morning - Rachel's foot kicks out when her physician taps her knee - Gina salivates at the smell of fresh bread baking in her grandmother's kitchen

Gina salivates at the smell of fresh bread baking in her grandmother's kitchen

Which part of the brain is best described as responsible for piecing together sensory input to form meaningful perceptions of the world? - Frontal lobes - Parietal lobes - Occipital lobes - Temporal lobes

Parietal lobes

The structure known as the "control center" of the endocrine system is the ____. - Thyroid - Adrenal - Hypothalamus - Parathyroid

Hypothalamus

Why is the thalamus referred to as the "gateway to the cortex?" - Input from most of our sensory systems travels first to the cerebral cortex, which then funnels the information to the thalamus - Input from most of our sensory systems travels first to the thalamus, which then funnels the information to the cerebral cortex - Motor outputs generated in the cerebral cortex are funneled first through the thalamus, which then sends inputs to the motor neurons - Motor outputs generated in the thalamus are funneled first through the cerebral cortex, which then sends inputs to the motor neurons

Input from most of our sensory systems travels first to the thalamus, which then funnels the information to the cerebral cortex

Your heartbeat, digestion, and pupil dilations are ____ processes regulated by the ____ nervous system. - Voluntary; autonomic - Involuntary; somatic - Voluntary; somatic - Involuntary; autonomic

Involuntary; autonomic

Why is the primary motor cortex important for the control of movement? - It regulates all involuntary movements - It is the only brain area that regulates movement - It contains all of the motor neurons of the brain - It provides the highest level of voluntary control over movement

It provides the highest level of voluntary control over movement

Which of the following techniques provides a fascinating glimpse into the true origins of behavior by allowing scientists to view the action potentials of a single neuron? - Ablation - Deep lesioning - PET scans - Microelectrode recording

Microelectrode recording

Georgio is jogging barefoot along the beach when he suddenly steps on the sharp edge of a broken shell. He instantly feels pain due to the message carried to his brain by ____. He then slowly walks home with an achy foot. The message of the ache is carried by ____. - Myelinated axons; unmyelinated axons - Unmyelinated dendrites; myelinated axons - Myelinated dendrites; unmyelinated axons - Unmyelinated axons; myelinated axons

Myelinated axons; unmyelinated axons

Large bundles of many axons, which are visible to the unaided eye, are called - Neurons - Neurilemmas - Neurotransmitters - Nerves

Nerves

Interlinked collections of neurons that process information in our nervous system are called - Neural networks - Synaptic vesicles - Neurilemmas - Ion channels

Neural networks

The fundamental building block of the nervous system is the ____. - Cell body - Neuron - Soma - Axon

Neuron

The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing) at moderate levels is the __________ branch. - Central - Parasympathetic - Sympathetic - Peripheral

Parasympathetic

The rate at which glucose molecules are consumed in the brain forms the basis of ________. - Positron emission tomography - Functional magnetic resonance imagery - Electroencephalography - Diffuse tensor imaging

Positron emission tomography

According to Hebb's rule, the connection between two neurons is strengthened by the - Repeated activation of the synapses between these neurons - Flow of sodium ions from the axons of the two neurons - Negative after - potential that occurs after the original synapse - Lateralization of the neurons

Repeated activation of the synapses between these neurons

Stephanie reports to her physician that she suddenly cannot sleep because she is unable to tune out noises such as the humming of the refrigerator or an occasional car driving down the street. After undergoing an MRI, she finds out that she has a tumor in her ____. - Cerebellum - Hippocampus - Reticular formation - Thalamus

Reticular formation

What cortices are important for processing incoming information such as smell or vision? - Cingulate - Association - Sensory - Motor

Sensory

Once a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, it is MOST like a(n) ____. - Accident waiting to happen - Size 10 foot looking for a size 10 shoe - Rolling stone - Lock waiting for a key

Size 10 foot looking for a size 10 shoe

Which of the following senses is NOT routed through the thalamus? - Hearing - Vision - Smell - Taste

Smell

Aaron flexes his muscles as he shoots a basketball into the goal. His voluntary use of his muscles is controlled by which nervous system? - Somatic - Autonomic - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic

Somatic

The voluntary command Steve uses to raise his hand in class would be controlled by the __________ nervous system. - Parasympathetic - Sympathetic - Somatic - Autonomic

Somatic

The motor cortex initiates all voluntary movements and is found in ____. - The frontal lobe - Broca's area - The limbic system - The parietal lobe

The frontal lobe

You see a vicious-looking squirrel getting ready to attack you. What specific part of the nervous system would be activated to prepare you for this fight-or-flight response? - Parasympathetic - Sympathetic - Somatic - Central

Sympathetic

Mrs. Agos is unable to recognize her husband by sight when he enters her hospital room. However, once she hears his voice, she recognizes him. Mrs. Agos has likely suffered damage to her ____. - Temporal lobe - Wernicke's area - Broca's area - Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Regina wakes her husband in the middle of the night and tells him, "Where am I? This isn't our bedroom." After a visit to the emergency room, Regina learns that she likely suffered a partial seizure originating in her ____. - Parietal lobe - Temporal lobe - Occipital lobe - Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

What part of the brain could be compared to a switchboard receiving calls from all over the country and then directing the paths of these incoming calls? - Hypothalamus - Cerebellum - Thalamus - Occipital lobe

Thalamus

You're looking at a book entitled Your Autonomic Nervous System. One of the chapter titles is confusing based on what you've learned in this class. Which title is inconsistent with your understanding of the autonomic nervous system? - The Sympathetic Division: Activating in Times of Stress - The Autonomic Nervous System: You CAN Control It All! - Relaxing with the Parasympathetic Division - The Autonomic Nervous System: Part of The - Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System: You CAN Control It All!