Chapter 2 HM Micro

The building blocks of an enzyme are ______.

amino acids

The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.

electrons

Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core, which is referred to as its ______.

nucleus

Choose the statement that describes what will happen to pH as hydrogen ion concentration increases.

pH will decrease

Select the components of DNA to test your understanding of nucleotide composition. Check all that apply

phosphate ribose or deoxyribose nitrogen bases

One nucleotide contains one

phosphate. pentose sugar. nitrogen base. All of the choices are correct.

Select the number of phosphates present in a molecule of ATP:

3

Explanation: Select the components of ATP from the list provided. check all that apply

ATP is a ribonucleotide, containing ribose, adenine, and three phosphates. There is no deoxyribose in ATP. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information

Explanation: Select the number of phosphates present in a molecule of ATP:

ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, contains adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphates. Refer to section 2.2 for additional information.

Label the terms or descriptions in the chart to assess your knowledge of the levels of the four main families of biochemicals (macromolecules).

Carbohydates-->Monosaccharides-->Glucose-->Disaccaride-->Starch Lipids-->Triglycerides-->Phospholipids-->Waxes-->Cholesterol Proteins-->Composed of amino acids-->Exhibit 1 2 3 or 4 form-->Enzyme Nucleic acid-->DNA RNA-->Nucleotides

Explanation: Choose the statement that describes what will happen to pH as hydrogen ion concentration increases.

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH will decrease. The higher the hydrogen ion concentration is in a solution, the lower the pH and the more acidic a solution will be. Please refer to section 2.1 of the textbook for additional information

Explantation: Please move the correct terms into their corresponding empty boxes within the figure to complete the concept map.

Cell membranes are comprised of phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipids are made up of a phosphate-alcohol head, a molecule of glycerol and fatty acid chains. Proteins are made up of subunits called amino acids, which consist of a carbon linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group as well. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information.

Explanation: Match the macromolecules to their function within cells. 1 Proteins 2 Carbohydrates 3 Nucleic acids 4 Lipids

Cell walls typically contain carbohydrates such as cellulose, peptidoglycan, or chitin. Lipids, more specifically phospholipids, are a major component of cell membranes. Many proteins in cells are enzymes which facilitate or catalyze chemical reactions. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) encode genetic traits and provide for inheritance. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information.

Explanation: Select the nitrogen bases found in nucleotides that make up DNA.

DNA nucleotides contain guanine, thymine, adenine, and cytosine. They do not contain uracil. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information.

Drag and drop the labels into the corresponding boxes to complete the concept map.

Elements composed of-> Atoms-donates or receives e- to form->ions- when in solution, H+ establishes--> pH Elements composed of-> Atoms-joined by->chemical bonds to form->molecules->are all organic chemicals (carbon and hydrogen based) and inorganic chemicals Elements composed of-> Atoms-joined by->chemical bonds to form->compounds->are all organic chemicals and inorganic (may be)

Water molecules are nonpolar molecules.

False

Explanation: Match the carbohydrate class with the appropriate example of a carbohydrate in that class. 1 Disaccharide 2 Monosaccharide 3 Polysaccharide

Fructose is a single sugar, or monosaccharide. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose joined by a glycosidic bond. Cellulose is a polysaccharide. Please refer to Section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information.

Match the carbohydrate class with the appropriate example of a carbohydrate in that class. 1 Disaccharide 2 Monosaccharide 3 Polysaccharide

Fructose--> 2 Lactose1--> 1 Cellulose-->3

Select the nitrogen bases found in nucleotides that make up DNA.

Guanine Thymine Adenine Cytosine

Select the nitrogen bases found in nucleotides that make up RNA.

Guanine Uracil Adenine Cytosine

Explanation: Select the levels of protein structure that would be disrupted by heat or solvent changes that would disrupt hydrogen bonding.

Heat and solvent changes can disrupt hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are involved in maintaining secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Primary structure is maintained by peptide bonds that would not be disrupted by heat or solvent changes. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information

Drag the images or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understanding of chemical bonding.

Hydrogen Bond:weak bond that forms b/w a hydrogen covalent bonded to one molecule and an oxygen or nitrogen atom of another molecule. Ionic Bond:Bonds that forms when electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another. Covalent Bond:bonds that form when electrons are shared between atoms. Van der Waals forces:weak attractions that occur b/w molecules that demonstrate low levels of polarity, and are essential for maintaning cohesiveness for large molecules.

Match the macromolecules to their function within cells. 1 Proteins 2 Carbohydrates 3 Nucleic acids 4 Lipids

Major structural component of cell walls -->2 Major component of cell membranes -->4 Speed up and facilitate chemical reactions within cells -->1 Inheritance and expression of genetic traits -->3

Please move the correct terms into their corresponding empty boxes within the figure to complete the concept map.

Membranes are made up of-->Phospholipids and proteins Phospholipids are made of--> Phosphate, alcohol, glycerol, fatty acids. proteins are made of--> amino acids--> C, NHv2, carboxyl, hydrogen, R

Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of nucleotides. Check all that apply

Nitrogen bases are covalently bonded to the sugar molecules within a nucleotide. Adenine bases hydrogen bond with thymine bases. Phosphate connects the sugar molecules within a chain of nucleotides.

Choose the term that identifies the type of bond that maintains the primary structure of a protein.

Peptide bond

Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of water molecules. Check all that apply

Polar covalent bonds are found between hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are found between different water molecules. Electrons are shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a molecule of water.

Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds?

Polysaccharides

Explanation: Select the nitrogen bases found in nucleotides that make up RNA.

RNA nucleotides contain guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine. They do not contain thymine. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information.

Select the levels of protein structure that would be disrupted by heat or solvent changes that would disrupt hydrogen bonding.

Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Explanation: Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of water molecules. Check all that apply

The oxygen atom in water is bonded to each of two hydrogen atoms by polar covalent bonds, in which electrons are unequally shared. Because of this unequal sharing of electrons, the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule have a partial positive charge and are attracted to the partial negative charge of an oxygen atom in a different water molecule. This attraction BETWEEN different water molecules is called hydrogen bonding. Please refer to section 2.1 of the textbook for additional information.

Explanation: Choose the term that identifies the type of bond that maintains the primary structure of a protein.

The primary structure of a protein consists of the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. This order is maintained by peptide bonds. Glycosidic bonds are found in carbohydrates. Phosphodiester bonds are found in nucleic acids. Hydrogen and ionic bonds play roles in maintaining secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins. Please refer to section 2.2 in the textbook for additional information

Doubled-stranded DNA consists of two antiparallel strands, meaning that one strand is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction, while the other is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction.

True

Explanation: Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of nucleotides.

Within a nucleotide, adenine and guanine are purine bases while thymine and cytosine are pyrimidine bases. Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine through hydrogen bonding. Both the phosphate group and the nitrogenous bases are covalently bound to the deoxyribose sugar. Refer to section 2.2 for more information.

Explanation: Select the statements that accurately reflect characteristics of nucleotides. Check all that apply

Within a nucleotide, adenine and guanine are purine bases while thymine and cytosine are pyrimidine bases. Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine through hydrogen bonding. Both the phosphate group and the nitrogenous bases are covalently bound to the deoxyribose sugar. Refer to section 2.2 for more information.

Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7

has more H+ ions.

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called ______.

ions

Two or more atoms bonded together are called a(n) ______.

molecule

Hydrogen bonds

result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds.

Covalent bonds

result from sharing electrons

Select the components of ATP from the list provided. Check All That Apply

ribose adenine phosphate

ATP differs from the nucleotides found in DNA in the

sugar portion of the molecule.