Chapter 2

Which of the following forms of energy travels in varying wavelengths, such as visible light, infrared waves, radio waves, ultraviolet waves, and X rays?

Electromagnetic energy

How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?

one

What is a chain of 25 amino acids called?

polypeptide

Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?

polysaccharide

________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function

Vitamin D

What happens in hydrolysis?

A molecule of water is added for each bond broken.

When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work is an example of what kind of energy?

Chemical Energy

Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle is an example of what kind of energy?

Mechanical Energy

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

MgO2 → Mg + O2

Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties.

Molecule

Neutral subatomic particle.

Neutron

A bond in which electrons are equally shared.

Nonpolar covalent bond

A bond in which electrons are NOT shared equally.

Polar covalent bond

True/False A synthesis reaction always involves bond formation.

True

An organic compound is analyzed, and it has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound is most likely a:

carbohydrates

What kind of reactions involve the breaking down of large complex molecules into smaller, simpler molecules and atoms?

catabolic

The most important steriod molecule is:

cholesterol

In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is this?

colloid

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

cytoplasm

Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-O® and ________.

cytosol

AB → A + B is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

decomposition

In what reaction is a molecule of water removed when proteins are synthesized from smaller molecules?

dehydration

Sucrose is a _______

disaccharide

Reactions which release energy are:

exergonic

True/False An acid can be described as a proton acceptor.

false

True/False Covalent bonds are generally weaker than hydrogen bonds.

false

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.

glycogen

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals

glycogen

The chemical symbol O=O means ________.

the atoms are double bonded

True/False Ionic bonds are generally found in inorganic compounds.

true

An element has an atomic number of 17 and a mass of 35. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the element have?

17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?

3:1

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

7

What is the primary energy-transferring compound of the body?

ATP

Electrically charged particle from gain of an electron

Anion

Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.

Atom

Which of the following is not one of the three basic steps involved in enzyme activity?

Because their catalytic role renders most enzymes ineffective after their initial activity, a cell must produce large amounts of each enzyme in order to perform effectively.

Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of body weight?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Electrically charged particle from loss of an electron.

Cation

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.

Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor or the flow of ions across a membrane is an example of what kind of energy?

Electrical energy

True/False Phosphorus is found in all organic compounds.

False Carbon is found in ALL organic compounds.

True/False Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.

False Lipids are humans' most plentiful source of stored energy.

Which of the following is not an electrolyte?

H2O

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction? a) Removing the biological catalysts b) Lower temperature c) Large particles d) High concentration of reagents

High concentration of reagents

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.

Hydrogen bond

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of chemical reactions?

Hyperbolic

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

Ionic bond

All electrolytes are:

Ions, which are capable of conducting an electrical current.

Select the correct statement about isotopes.

Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.

Which of the following about kinetic energy is INCORRECT? a) It is energy in action. b) It is based on moving one object to start a series of objects moving that eventually perform work. c) It is a type of stored energy. d) It works by moving objects.

It is a type of stored energy.

What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Kinetic energy is stored energy and has the capacity to do work; potential energy is expressed through motion.

True/False Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of neutrons contained

true

Energy that travels in waves; part of the electromagnetic spectrum is an example of what kind of energy?

Radiant energy

Mrs. Mulligan goes to her dentist and, after having a couple of cavities filled, her dentist strongly suggests that she reduce her intake of sodas and increase her intake of calcium phosphates in the foods she eats. Why?

Sodas are strong acids that can dissolve the calcium phosphate in bone and teeth.

Which of the following best defines covalent bonds?

The bond formed when shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms within a molecule

Which of the following is true regarding the pH of a solution?

The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution is.

What does CH4 mean?

There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.

What are the two fundamental roles of DNA?

To direct protein synthesis, and replicate itself before cell division.

True/False Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

True Elements cannot be broken down into other substances without changing their chemical properties.

True/False Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

True Glucose is a simple sugar

True/False Lipids are NOT the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity.

True Glucose is the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity.

What happens in redox reactions?

both decomposition and electron exchange occur

Weak acids and bases make good _______

buffers

Water:

can form hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of matter?

X-rays

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3 -.

a bicarbonate ion

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have _____

a high degree of unsaturated bonds

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being _____

acidic

What is the classification of a solution with a pH of 8.3?

alkaline solution

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger more complex molecules, the process is known as:

anabolism

Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.

are very stable and insoluble in water

Each known element is designated with a one or two letter chemical shorthand known as the:

atomic symbol

________ have a bitter taste, feel slippery, and are proton acceptors.

bases

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

high heat of vaporization

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of:

hydrogen ions in a solution

What type of chemical bond does sodium, element 11, form with chlorine, element 17?

ionic

Salts are always ________.

ionic compounds

The pH scale:

is based on the concentration of H+ ions.

Which of the following is not a subatomic particle?

molecule

What kind of molecules are electrically balanced?

non-polar

The building blocks of RNA and DNA are:

nucleotides

What is integral to all cell membranes?

phospholipids

Which of the following does not describe the ATP molecule?

pigments

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body?

proteins

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution.

proton donors

Which of the following types of energy moves in waves? Radiant energy Chemical energy Mechanical energy Electrical energy

radiant energy

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the _______

removal of a water molecule between each two units

An example of a coenzyme is ________.

riboflavin (vitamin B2)

What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?

secondary structure

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

sodium

A homogenous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a:

solution

What does the presence of biological catalysts do to the rate of a chemical reaction?

speeds it up

Sex hormones are

steriods

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction

synthesis

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with _____

the release of energy

Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction?

time

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________.

to hold the molecular backbone together

A charged particle is correctly called an ion.

true

Which of the following is considered the universal solvent? a) Intracellular fluid b) Blood c) Plasma d) Water

water