Chapter 2 - Materials
measures the ability of a material to absorb overloads and to be cold-worked.
Ductility
graph on left is __________, right is ____________
Engineering, true
the means that the material properties are the same at each direction
Isotropic
If a material is __________, it means it obeys hookes law
Linear
The _____________ corresponding to the load Pf, at fracture, is defined as this equation. With Ao = original area and Af = area at fracture
Reduction in area
For ____________, A is the cross-sectional area measured simultaneously with the applied load P.
True stress
This is the engineering stress-strain diagram for ___________ material
brittle
If ε is less than 0.05, the material is ____________ and you should use ____________
brittle, ultimate strength
Top is a ____________ piece, bottom is _______________
cold drawn, hot-rolled
plastic straining below recryst. temp
cold working
cold work _______ ductility
decreases
Hot work ____________ yield strength and increases ____________.
decreases, ductility (εf)
engineering stresses and strains are only accurate when the overall specimen _____________________
deformation is small
This is the engineering stress-strain diagram for ___________ material
ductile
If ε is larger than or equal to 0.05, the material is ____________ and you should use ____________
ductile, yield strength
Reduction in area is a measure of a material's __________
ductility
reduction of area is a measure of _______________
ductility
This is referred to as the ________________________
engineering strain at fracture
The ___________ stress decreases after reaching the ultimate strength at point u. This is due to a characteristic "________" of ductile materials.
engineering, necking
This means that the material properties are the same at each position
homogeneous
For example, a baseball bat is _________ and ____________, but NOT ______________
homogeneous, linear, isotropic
cold work ___________ yield strength
increases
Cold work __________ yield strength, aka makes the material ____________, but ______________ εf, so the ______________ decreases.
increases, stronger, decreases, ductility
True stress/strain is based on _________________
instantaneous
actual stresses and strains are ___________than the calculated engineering stresses and strains
larger
When the reduction of area is __________________, then this is the case, so we can use strain or R for measures of ductility
less than 0.1
Engineering stress/strain is based on ______________
original
The lowest temp at which the distorted grain structure of a cold-worked metal is replaced by a new material structure duribng prolonged annealing
recrystallization factor
3 metrics of ductility?
reduction of area, engineering strain at fracture, true strain
The capacity of a material to absorb energy within its elastic range is called ______________. It is the area underneath the stress strain curve up until the ______________
resilience, yield stress
result of cold working where material is less ductile and has higher yield point
strain hardening
The capacity of a material to absorb energy without fracture is called ___________. It's the area underneath the stress-strain curve up until the _____________
toughness, strain of fracture
This is called the ______________
true strain at fracture
This is a measurement of ______________, which helps us measure _____________
true strain, ductility
The top graph is the ______________ stress strain graph, bottom is the __________ stress-strain
true, engineering
This is the case if we assume that __________________
volume is preserved
factor of safety calculations uses ______________ for ductile materials
yield strength
•Ductile part fails based on ___________, brittle part fails based on ____________
yield strength, ultimate strength
