Chapter 2 - Oceans

What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere? -The lithosphere is a special type of crust. -The crust is a special type of lithosphere. -The lithosphere is part of the crust. -The crust is part of the lithosphere.

The crust is part of the lithosphere.

The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary? -an ocean -a hurricane -a transform boundary -a continent -a convergent boundary

an ocean

The Mendocino Fault is an example of ________ plate boundary. -a continental transform -a continental-continental convergent -an oceanic transform -an oceanic-continental convergent -an oceanic-oceanic convergent

an oceanic transform

The Peru Chile Trench is an example of ________ plate boundary. -a continental-continental convergent -a continental-continental divergent -an oceanic-continental convergent -an oceanic-oceanic convergent -an oceanic-oceanic divergent

an oceanic-continental convergent

Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________. -your fingernails grow -grass grows in the summer -a child crawls -a snail crawls -a river flows

your fingernails grow

Which geographic examples below result(s) from ocean-ocean convergence? Choose all that apply. -Aleutian Islands -Marianas Trench -Andes Mountains -The Himalayas -Japan

-Aleutian Islands -Marianas Trench -Japan

Which of the following statements about the Wilson cycle is/are correct? Choose all that apply. -The Mediterranean Sea is in the process of closing. -The Pacific Ocean basin is shrinking, and the Atlantic Ocean basin is growing wider. -The East African Rift Valley is an example of the juvenile stage of the Wilson cycle. -The Arctic Ocean is an example of the declining stage of the Wilson cycle. -The embryonic stage begins with continental crust being uplifted and pulled apart.

-The Mediterranean Sea is in the process of closing. -The Pacific Ocean basin is shrinking, and the Atlantic Ocean basin is growing wider. -The embryonic stage begins with continental crust being uplifted and pulled apart.

In general, where do both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur? Choose all that apply. -at transform plate boundaries -away from plate boundaries -at divergent plate boundaries -at convergent plate boundaries

-at divergent plate boundaries -at convergent plate boundaries

Which of the following features are found at an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary? Choose all that apply. -trench -continental arc -mid-ocean ridge -island arc -mountains

-trench -continental arc -mountains

How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different? -A compass points toward the South Pole during normal polarity and to the North Pole during reverse polarity. -A compass points toward the North Pole during normal polarity and to the South Pole during reverse polarity. -A compass points toward the South Pole during normal polarity and to the equator during reverse polarity. -A compass points toward the North Pole during normal polarity and to the equator during reverse polarity.

A compass points toward the North Pole during normal polarity and to the South Pole during reverse polarity.

In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time? -A record of Earth's magnetic field is recorded in oceanic rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic polarity. -A record of Earth's magnetic field is recorded in continental rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic polarity. -A record of Earth's gravitational field is recorded in continental rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's gravitational polarity. -A record of Earth's gravitational field is recorded in oceanic rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's gravitational polarity.

A record of Earth's magnetic field is recorded in oceanic rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic polarity.

Why does the orange liquid rise when the lava lamp animation is plugged in? -Although both liquids expand when heated, the orange liquid expands more. -The orange liquid does not expand, whereas the other liquid does. -Although both liquids expand when heated, the orange liquid expands less. -The orange liquid expands, whereas the other liquid does not.

Although both liquids expand when heated, the orange liquid expands more.

Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs? -Andes and Cascades -East African Rift and Hawaii -Andes and Hawaii -East African Rift and Cascades

Andes and Cascades

Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate? -Earth's magnetic field switches polarity at regular time intervals. -Earth's magnetic field does not switch polarity. -Earth does not have a regular magnetic field. -Earth's magnetic field switches polarity at irregular time intervals.

Earth's magnetic field switches polarity at irregular time intervals.

When the subcontinent of India drifted northward and collided with Asia, what landform was created? -Mediterranean Sea -Phillipine Islands -Alps Mountains -Himalaya Mountains -Marianas Trench

Himalaya Mountains

Which of the following is an example of an oceanic transform plate boundary? -San Andreas Fault -Mendocino Fault -Aleutian Islands -Red Sea -East Pacific Rise

Mendocino Fault

Do fracture zones near transform boundaries play a role in plate motion? -Yes; fracture zones mark areas where plates are moving toward each other. -Yes; fracture zones mark areas where plates are moving past each other. -No; fracture zones play no role in plate motion. -Yes; fracture zones mark areas where plates are moving away from each other.

No; fracture zones play no role in plate motion.

What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries? -The Earth would increase in mass. -The Earth would decrease in volume. -The Earth would decrease in mass. -The Earth would increase in volume

The Earth would increase in volume.

What would happen in the lava lamp if the orange liquid were denser at warmer temperatures than the blue/clear liquid shown in the animation? -Both the orange and the blue/clear liquids would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on. -The blue/clear liquid would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on, whereas the orange liquid would sink. -The orange liquid would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on, whereas the blue/clear liquid would sink. -Both the orange and the blue/clear liquids would stay near the bottom when the lamp was turned on.

The blue/clear liquid would rise toward the top when the lamp was turned on, whereas the orange liquid would sink.

Which properties of a lava lamp are important to remember when modeling convection? -The lava lamp contains three liquids with similar densities that do not mix and that expand at similar rates when heated. -The lava lamp contains two liquids with different densities that do not mix and that expand at different rates when heated. -The lava lamp contains three liquids with different densities that do not mix and that expand at different rates when heated. -The lava lamp contains two liquids with similar densities that do not mix and that expand at similar rates when heated.

The lava lamp contains two liquids with different densities that do not mix and that expand at different rates when heated.

What happens when an oceanic plate meets another oceanic plate? -The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed. -Both plates are subducted. -The younger plate will be subducted. -The older, colder oceanic plate is subducted. -The two plates slide past each other.

The older, colder oceanic plate is subducted.

What would happen to the orange liquid in the lava lamp if heat did NOT conduct out of the top of the lava lamp? -The orange liquid would stay near the bottom of the lava lamp. -The orange liquid would stay near the top of the lava lamp. -The orange liquid would sink toward the bottom of the lava lamp. -The orange liquid would rise toward the top of the lava lamp.

The orange liquid would stay near the top of the lava lamp.

In which direction is the plate moving at point A? A tectonic plate with transform boundaries running North-South. Spreading center ridges are perpendicular to the transform boundaries. Point A is located to the north of two spreading centers, one to the east, and one to the west. Points B and C are located to the south of two different spreading centers. -The plate is moving north. -The plate is moving east. -The plate is not moving. -The plate is moving south. -The plate is moving west.

The plate is moving north.

What happens when a continental plate meets another continental plate? -The two plates slide past each other. -The denser continental plate will subduct. -A divergent plate boundary is formed. -Both plates are subducted. -The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed.

The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed.

What role do transform boundaries play? -Transform boundaries destroy other segments of plate boundaries. -Transform boundaries replace other segments of plate boundaries. -Transform boundaries create other segments of plate boundaries. -Transform boundaries connect other segments of plate boundaries.

Transform boundaries connect other segments of plate boundaries.

What is the relationship between transform boundaries and mid-ocean ridges? -Transform boundaries move segments of mid-ocean ridges. -Transform boundaries destroy segments of mid-ocean ridges. -Transform boundaries create segments of mid-ocean ridges. -Transform boundaries connect segments of mid-ocean ridges.

Transform boundaries connect segments of mid-ocean ridges.

Why are volcanoes not found at transform boundaries? -Transform boundaries cause decreases in temperature that exactly offset increases in pressure of the mantle. -Transform boundaries cause increases in temperature that exactly offset decreases in pressure of the mantle. -Transform boundaries cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle. -Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.

Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.

The Alpine Fault of New Zealand is an example of ________ plate boundary. -a continental-continental divergent -an oceanic-oceanic convergent -a continental transform -an oceanic-continental convergent -a continental-continental convergent

a continental transform

The Himalaya Mountains are an example of ________ plate boundary. -a continental-continental convergent -an oceanic-oceanic convergent -an oceanic-continental convergent -a continental-continental divergent -a continental transform

a continental-continental convergent

The Gulf of California is an example of ________ plate boundary. -a continental-continental convergent -a continental-continental divergent -an oceanic-continental convergent -an oceanic-oceanic convergent -an oceanic-oceanic divergent

a continental-continental divergent

Approximately how long does it take for a complete Wilson cycle to occur? -one year -a few hundred years -a few hundred thousand years -a few hundred million years -a few hundred billion years

a few hundred million years

What is a volcanic arc? -a row of volcanoes that forms on the ocean floor above a hot spot -a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone -a row of volcanoes that forms on the ocean floor above a mid-ocean ridge -a row of volcanoes that forms on the downgoing plate near a subduction zone

a row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone

What is the appropriate term for the movement of the orange liquid in the lava lamp animation? -subduction -advection -convection -conduction -evaporation

convection

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a: -convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic). -transform fault boundary. -divergent plate boundary. -convergent plate boundary (continent-oceanic). -convergent plate boundary (continent-continent)

divergent plate boundary.

How often does the Earth's magnetic field switch polarity? -every 10,000 to 50,000 years -every 500,000 years -every 10,000 to 100,000 years -every 100,000 to several million years

every 100,000 to several million years

What stage is marked by the creation of a well-formed ocean basin with a mid-ocean ridge in the middle? -embryonic -suturing -mature -juvenile -declining

mature

Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries? -mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys -mid-ocean hot spots and continental rift valleys -mid-ocean hot spots and ocean trenches -mid-ocean ridges and ocean trenches

mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys

Where in a lava lamp would the density of both materials be equal? -near the bottom of the lamp -almost everywhere in the lamp -near the middle of the lamp -near the top of the lamp -nowhere in the lamp

near the middle of the lamp

Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries? -ocean trenches and continental rift valleys -mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys -ocean trenches and volcanoes -mid-ocean ridges and volcanoes

ocean trenches and volcanoes

Where would you expect to see alternating bands of rock with different magnetic polarities? -on the fastest-moving side of the mid-ocean ridge -on the slowest-moving side of the mid-ocean ridge -on the youngest side of the mid-ocean ridge -on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge -on the oldest side of the mid-ocean ridge

on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge

Transform boundaries are classified under what type of fault? -reverse -normal -strike-slip

strike-slip

Continent-continent convergence occurs in what stage of the Wilson cycle? -juvenile -declining -mature -embryonic -suturing

suturing

Compared to the rest of the planet, an unusually high concentration of hot spots and rifting is located on the continent of Africa. A likely explanation for this is that __________. -a large portion of Africa is located near the equator -Africa is just very large -the African Plate is essentially stationary with respect to Earth's interior and the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket" -mantle plumes do not occur at divergent plate boundaries, and Africa has no divergent plate boundaries -the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket" and a large portion of Africa is located near the equator

the African Plate is essentially stationary with respect to Earth's interior and the thick continental crust acts as a "heat blanket"

India separated from Antarctica before the continents came together as Pangaea -the North Atlantic opened before North America was located at the equator -the continents came together as Pangaea before North America was located at the equator -India separated from Antarctica before North America was located at the equator -the North Atlantic opened before India separated from Antarctica

the North Atlantic opened before India separated from Antarctica