Chapter 2 practice quiz

The fact that we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves when problems arise in a relationship is an example of how: A. self-interest colors our social judgment. B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. C. self-concerns motivate our social behavior. D. social relationships help to define our self.

A. self-interest colors our social judgment.

In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states. A. individualism B. collectivism C. self-esteem D. self awareness

B. collectivism

When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people A. excel. B. experience great difficulty. C. perform moderately well. D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation.

B. experience great difficulty

According to the text, self-esteem typically _____ in Japanese exchange students after they spend several months at a Canadian university. This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. A. decreases B. increases C. peaks and then drops sharply D. remains constant

B. increases

According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement. A. raise; decrease B. raise; increase C. lower; decrease D. lower; increase

B. raise; increase

One's _____ makes up his/her _____. A. self-concept; self-schema B. self-schema; self-concept C. illusion of transparency; self-reference D. internal locus of control; self-concept

B. self-schema; self-concept

Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? A. Joel who lives in Hawaii B. Angela who lives in Alabama C. Keith who lives in Oregon D. Jill who lives in Malaysia

C. Keith who lives in Oregon

Which saying reflects the false consensus effect? A. the devil made me do it B. we are all in this together C. everyone does it! D. no one is

C. everyone does it!

Paul commutes to and from work each day. Although he drives by himself he often speeds along in the carpool lane on the highway. When confronted with his behavior he argues "Well, half the drivers in that lane are alone too." Paul's response demonstrates: A. the false uniqueness effect. B. the self-serving bias. C. the false consensus effect. D. the defensive pessimism.

C. the false consensus effect.

In a recent study, Gentile et al. (2010) found that U.S. college students' most common score on a self-esteem measure was: A. lower in the 1990s B. almost 0 C. the maximum value on the questionnaire D. higher than in the 1990s but lower than the 1980s

C. the maximum value on the questionnaire

Which statement about predicting your own behaviors or relationships is TRUE? A. you are the best predictor of your behaviors B. you can predict the fate of your relationships but not your behaviors C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships

C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you

Which part of the brain seems to be involved in maintaining our sense of self? A. the left hemisphere B. the corpus collosum C. the right hemisphere D. the brain stem

C. the right hemisphere

The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others

C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual

A person's answer to the question "Who am I?" comprises his or her: A. personality B. self-schema C. self-esteem D. self-concept

D. self-concept

Goel et al. (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. A. 90%; 41% B. 41%; 90% C. 50%; 50% D. 80%; 60%

A. 90%; 41%

The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. If we persist despite initial failures: A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed B. we are more vulnerable to depression C. we can overcome anything D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people

A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed

The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. If we persist despite initial failures: A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed B. we are more vulnerable to depression C. we can overcome anything D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people

A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed

Barbara was really shocked when her candidate was not elected. She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. This is an example of the: A. false consensus effect B. self-serving bias C. unrealistic optimism D. defensive pessimism

A. false consensus effect

Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. On the day they arrive at his home to meet him, he greets them in ripped sweat pants and a stained T-shirt. Later, his fiancé tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him. Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior? A. he is self-handicapping B. he is demonstrating false modesty C. he is demonstrating false pride D. he is self-monitoring

A. he is self-handicapping

Baumeister (2003) reported that people who engaged in sexual activity at an early age, teen gang leaders, terrorists, and men in prison for committing violent crimes tend to possess: A. high self-esteem B. low self-esteem C. high self-efficacy D. low self-efficacy

A. high self-esteem

Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy. A. high; high B. low; low C. low; high D. high; low

A. high; high

When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect. Wilson and Gilbert (2003) referred to this phenomenon as: A. immune neglect B. our psychological immune system C. our psychological denial system D. rationalizing

A. immune neglect

Most people with high self-esteem value individual achievement and relationships with others. Narcissists value: A. individual achievement. B. individual achievement and relationships. C. relationships. D. neither individual achievement nor relationships.

A. individual achievement.

In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? A. individualistic B. collectivistic C. self-centered D. other-centered

A. individualistic

Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. A. individualists; collectivists B. collectivists; individualists C. progressives; traditionalists D. traditionalists; progressives

A. individualists; collectivists

You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n) _______ locus of control. A. internal B. external C. high D. low

A. internal

You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: A. liberal B. conservative C. independent D. undecided

A. liberal

Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: A. planning fallacy B. self-handicapping C. defensive pessimism D. learned helplessness

A. planning fallacy

Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: A. planning fallacy B. self-handicapping C. defensive pessimism D. learned helplessness

A. planning fallacy

Researchers reported a _______ correlation between persistence and self-efficacy. A. postive B. negative C. moderate D. zero

A. positive

John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. This could be an example of: A. self-handicapping B. self-serving bias C. impression management D. self-presentation

A. self-handicapping

The best way to improve your performance in class is to be _____ in the praise and _____ about your ability and performance. A. specific; truthful B. specific; inflated C. general; truthful D. general; inflated

A. specific; truthful

You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. A. strong B. weak C. average D. variabel (depending on if it is related to school or not)

A. strong

You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. A. strong B. weak C. average D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not)

A. strong

You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. A. strong B. weak C. average D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not)

A. strong

Which of the following is true? A. Most psychology research has been conducted by wealthy White Americans. B. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. C. Most psychology research has been conducted on children from middle-income families. D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration.

B. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents.

Andrew believes that he did well on his Social Psychology test because he studied a lot and is a good student. Andrew's belief demonstrates: A. an external locus of control B. an internal locus of control C. low self-monitoring D. high self-monitoring

B. an internal locus of control

In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: A. more nervous while speaking B. better about their speech and appearance C. worse about their appearance while speaking D. no different about their speech

B. better about their speech and appearance

According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: A. lifes satisfaction B. clinical depression C. self-efficacy D. an external locus of control

B. clinical depression

Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture. A. individualistic B. collectivistic C. self-centered D. other-centered

B. collectivistic

Political liberals tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. A. individualists; collectivists B. collectivists; individualists C. progressives; traditionalists D. traditionalists; progressives

B. collectivists; individualists

You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: A. liberal B. conservative C. independent D. undecided

B. conservative

Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that, for American students, happiness comes from feeling: A. close, friendly, and respectful B. effective, superior, and proud C. like part of a successful group D. included and wanted

B. effective, superior, and proud

Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. She therefore has a(n) _______ locus of control. A. internal B. external C. high D. low

B. external

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that the self-serving bias is adaptive? A. it helps protect us from depression B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS C. it can motivate us to achieve D. it helps to buffer stress

B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS

Our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine important people in our lives perceive us. This is referred to as our: A. self-role B. looking-glass self C. mirror-self D. social identity

B. looking-glass self

What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? A. narcissists have higher IQs B. narcissists lack an interest in others C. narcissists are more outgoing than those high in self-esteem D. nothing, there terms are synonymous

B. narcissists lack an interest in others

Researchers reported that both anxiety and depression are ______ correlated with self-efficacy. A. positively B. negatively C. moderately D. slightly

B. negatively

Our self-concept is fed by our roles, our social identity, our comparisons, and by: A. rare stressors, such as a family crisis B. our surrounding culture C. everyday hassles D. genetics

B. our surrounding culture

When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to _____ what others think about your nervousness. A. underestimate B. overestimate C. successfully predict D. have no idea

B. overestimate

Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. He's afraid of being unemployed and alone. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: A. independent self B. possible selves C. self-schema D. social comparison

B. possible selves

When asked "Who are you?" Juanita answers, "I am friendly, a student, and very religious." Juanita's answer describes her: A. self-reference B. self-concept C. possible self D. self-schema

B. self-concept

Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: A. self-handicapping B. self-monitoring C. false modesty D. self-presentation

B. self-monitoring

_______ is defined as the beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. A. personality B. self-schema C. self-esteem D. self-concept

B. self-schema

According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to ______ and our losses to _______. A. chance; skill B. skill; chance C. hoped-for possible selves; feared possible selves D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves

B. skill; chance

According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. A. chance; skill B. skill; chance C. hoped-for possible selves; feared possible selves D. feared possible selves; hoped-for selves

B. skill; chance

You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? A. social rank B. social comparison C. social ratings D. social contrast

B. social comparison

Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: A. failure and distance ourselves from success B. success and distance ourselves from failure C. rewards and distance ourselves from punishment D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards

B. success and distance ourselves from failure

Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: A. failure and distance ourselves from success. B. success and distance ourselves from failure. C.rewards and distance ourselves from punishment D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards

B. success and distance ourselves from failure.

Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. This is known as: A. collective narcissism B. terror management theory C. self-efficacy D. an internal locus control

B. terror management theory

Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. This is known as: A. collective narcissism B. terror management theory C. self-efficacy D. an internal locus of control

B. terror management theory

Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. This is an example of: A. false consensus. B. unrealistic optimism. C. positive self-esteem. D. self-serving bias.

B. unrealistic optimism.

Learning about immune neglect, which statement applies to how most people respond to failing an exam? A. they don't care B. they quit working in class because they feel so bad C. they move on and try to do better D. there is no immune neglect

C. they move on and try to do better

The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others.

C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual

According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. A. the intensity B. the duration C. both the intensity and the duration D. neither the intensity nor the duration

C. both the intensity and the duration

Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: A. cooperation B. communality C. collectivism D. groupthink

C. collectivism

The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _______ and _______ attitudes. A. conscious; unconscious B. internal; external C. explicit; implicit D. positive; negative

C. explicit; implicit

According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: A. anger B. rage C. fear D. submission

C. fear

Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? A. internal B. external C. implicit D. explicit

C. implicit

Jill just began a new relationship with Pete. Her last relationship ended after 6 months and she is strongly motivated to make this relationship last longer. Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? A. jill B. pete C. jill's roommate D. pete's roommate

C. jill's roommate

High school students who finished near the top of their class are more likely to experience a threat to their academic self-esteem if they attend a: A. small, selective university B. small, non-competitive university C. large, selective university D. large, non-competitive university

C. large, selective university

You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards, with a friend, and with your notes - all to no avail. You begin to feel that you should give up, as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores. According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: A. low self-esteem B. low self-control C. learned helplessness D. the looking-glass self

C. learned helplessness

In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? A. about the same B. more negatively C. more positively D. it depends on what state they live in

C. more positively

Most people perceive themselves as: A. less intelligent than others B. less attractive than others C. much less prejudiced than others D. knowing others better than we know ourselves

C. much less prejudiced than others

After seeing a billboard for the lottery, you imagine a life of the rich and famous for yourself. This future self-schema you imagine is an example of a/an: A. hoped-for self B. feared self C. possible self D. eventual self

C. possible self

Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: A. hoped-for selves B. transparent selves C. possible selves D. eventual selves

C. possible selves

John is about to become a father. He wants to be the "cool dad" but fears that he will be a harsh disciplinarian like his father was. These two types of fathers represent John's: A. self-schemas B. loci of control C. possible selves D. social roles

C. possible selves

How can you change an implicit attitude? A. strong persuasion B. education C. practice D. you can't change implicit attitudes once they are formed

C. practice

An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; A. compare ourselves to close friends B. compare ourselves to strangers C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments

C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments

Our sense of self-worth is also called our: A. self-concept B. self-efficacy C. self-esteem D. self-value

C. self-esteem

Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." This is an example of: A. self-handicapping B. self-monitoring C. self-serving bias D. an external locus of control

C. self-serving bias

Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." This is an example of: A. self-handicapping B. self-monitoring C. self-serving bias D. an external locus of control

C. self-serving bias

A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. This study explored which concept mentioned in the text? A. transparency effect B. audience effect C. spotlight effect D. headlight effect

C. spotlight effect

Self-monitoring is: A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression

D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression

Self-monitoring is: A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance. C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience. D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression

D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression

Which of the following is FALSE? A. people in individualistic countries persist more when they are succeeding B. for Japanese college students, happiness comes with positive social engagement C. individualists make comparisons with others to boost their self-esteem D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists

D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists

Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments, such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights, they tend to: A. attempt to control other aspects of their lives, such as how often they outside B. experience more stress C. exhibit more health problems D. commit less vandalism

D. commit less vandalism

Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: A. school performance B. family situation C. thoughts D. emotions

D. emotions

Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. This is an example of: A. self-handicapping B. self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. illusion of transparency

D. illusion of transparency

Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. This is an example of: A. self-handicapping B. self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. illusion of transparency

D. illusion of transparency

Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" The next morning, however, his mood returned to normal. This is an example of: A. a confederate B. an interdependent-self C. immune neglect D. impact bias

D. impact bias

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: A. high self-esteem B. low self-esteem C. individuality D. individualism

D. individualism

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: A. high self-esteem B. low self-esteem C. individuality D. individualism

D. individualism

The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: A. depression B. low self-esteem C. learned hopelessness D. learned helplessness

D. learned helplessness

People with high self-esteem and narcissism are _____. A. no different from those with low self-esteem B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem C. focused on having positive relationships D. more aggressive

D. more aggressive

According to Myers, we are prone to "impact bias," or _______ the impact of emotion-causing events (such as finding out the results after being tested for HIV). A. failing to appreciate B. denying C. underestimating D. overestimating

D. overestimating

Which of the following is false? A. 8% of girls born in the United States in 2010 received one of the 10 most common names B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" C. U.S. children today report more positive self-feelings than those growing up in the 1960s and 1970s D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago

D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago

When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: A. view others as superior B. view everyone as relatively average C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths D. see ourselves as better than the average person

D. see ourselves as better than the average person

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: A. self-esteem B. self-aggrandizement C. self-worth D. self-efficacy

D. self-efficacy

Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of: A. poor self-control B. poor self-efficacy C. poor self-esteem D. self-serving bias

D. self-serving bias

The extent to which we evaluate our abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others is called: A. hoped-for possible self B. feared possible self C. social rank D. social comparison

D. social comparison

Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: A. have more interdependent selves B. be more collectivistic C. be happier when the members of their gourd succeed D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness

D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness

When facing competition, we often protect our self-concept by perceiving: A. ourselves as superior to the competitor B. the competitor as superior to us C. the competitor as disadvantaged in comparison to us D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us

D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us

The habit of using how we imagine another person perceiving us, as a mirror for perceiving ourselves, is referred to as: A. a self-fulfilling prophecy B. low self-esteem C. a social comparison D. the looking-glass self

D. the looking-glass self

The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: A. self-esteem B. self-efficacy C. the self-deprecating bias D. the self-serving bias

D. the self-serving bias