Chapter 2: Recreational Water Sanitation
The best control of swimmer's itch at a bathing beach is to:
Add copper sulfate
A chemical commonly used to improve water clarity is:
Alum
The connection of the pool drain to the sanitary sewer must
Be provided with an air gap no less that 2 pipe diameters of the discharge pipe.
Eye irritation can be caused by prolonged exposure to water with a pH
Below 7.4 of 7.0
The best method to eliminate swimmers itch is:
Break the life chain of the schistosome
What compound is the principal scale former?
Calcium Carbonate
A seechi disk is used to determine:
Clarity in recreational waters
The increase of dissolved solids due to evaporation in whirlpools, hot tubs, and spas is indicated by:
Cloudy water
What public health factor is of primary importance in determining the sanitary quality of recreational waters?
Coliforms
The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is:
Continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration
One of the ways to recognize a well designed and properly operated pool is when you find the water after inspection to be:
Crystal clear with around 1mg/1 chlorine, and a pH level of 7.4
What is the primary reason the pH of a pool should stay less than 8?
Decreases the amount of active chlorine available
The best method to reduce diving accidents is to:
Develop diving training and education programs
The acidity-alkalinity balace affect eye irritation, water coagulation and the:
Effectivenss of Chlorine
The generally prohibited swimming facility from a public health perspective is a:
Fill and draw pool
The fresh water supply line to the pool must:
Fill to the pool through an approved air gap
The main drain should have a grate that is _____the area of the discharge pipe to prevent dangerous suction effects.
Four times
Muriatic acid is a weak solution of:
Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following is a method by which recreational waters may be contaminated?
Infected people Surface runoff Normal water flora
Many of the problems associated with migrant labor camps are related to:
Infectious and parasitic diseases Economic exploitation Poor housing, facilities and basic sanitation
Chemicals that have been used for pool disinfection include chlorine, chloro-iso-cyanurates, bromine and
Iodine
The molecular state of hypochlorous acid is the desired product from chlorination of pool waters. This product
Is 62% molecular at a pH of 7.2
Swimming pools have been implicated in many outbreaks of disease , including
Leptospirosis
It has been found that pools less than 30 feet wide with a surface area less than 1600 ft2
May utilize skimmers instead of gutters
Swimming pool water that is brownish black in color may be due to:
Mn
The factor used to determine the bromine residual with the chlorine test kit: (DPD)
Multiiply Chlorine residual by 2.25
The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of
On-board holding tanks
The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of:
On-board holding tanks
The preffered method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of:
On-board holding tanks
When chlorine is added to water
One acid is formed
When chlorine is added to water:
One acid is formed
The causative agen Naegleria fowleri has been linked to which of the following diseases?
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Which organism would probably survive in a hot tub?
Pseudomonal aeruginosa
The Microbe primarily responsible for skin infections in whirlpools:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The addition of sodium bicarbonate is usually used to:
Raise the alkalinity
Swimming pools receive fecal waste, urine, dead tissue, saliva, mucous from the nose, sweat, and pollution and contaminates from the surrounding environment. This emphasizes the importance of proper swimming pool design including.
Re circulation, filtration and proper disinfection, and proper operations
Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than do non-swimmers
Regardless of bathing water quality
Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than non swimmers:
Regardless of bathing water quality
Improper use of chemicals or improperly balanced pool or beach water may cause the spread of infectious disease due to:
Removal of protective coatings of mucous on tissue, irritation of skin, living organisms in the water.
In which situation would you most likely find PAM?
Reservoir
It is essential that all public pools:
Run the re circulation and disinfection equipment 24 hours per day
Swimmers itch is also known as
Schistosomiasis
Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of NTU or Nephelometric Trubitiy Units. It is recommended a level of 0.5 NTU.
Shall not be exceeded
Swimming pools water clarity is measured in terms of NTUor Nephelotnetric Turbidity Units. It is recommended that a level of 0.5 NTU.
Shall not be exceeded
The treatment system of a pool is typically recommend to be installed in which of the following flow arrangements?
Skimmer or gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, hair strainer, filter aid pump, filters, disinfectant feeder, pH feeder, adjustment inlets.
To raise the pH, add
Soda ash, (sodiuym carbonate)
A chemical used to adjust pool alkalinity is:
Sodium bicarbonate
Which raises the pH of pool water?
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following would not be as likely to be contracted bathing at a beach?
Spinal meningitis
One advantage of using cyanuric acid additive is that it:
Stabilizes residual chlorine.
The preferred treatment for algae control is:
Superchlorination
The formula volume of pool/ Pump Flow Rate (GPM) x 60 min=Turnover rate, will tell us
The number of hours it takes for the entire calculated water volume of the pool to pass through the filters.
The pool must be designed:
To fit the expected numbers of swimmers
To mix acid and water, always
add acid to water
The molecular state of hypochlorous acid is the desired product from chlorination of pool waters. This product
is 62% molecular at pH of 7.2
The chemical quality of a pool is generally measured by which 2 tests?
pH and chlorine residual
The bottom of multiple-use pools should have a bottom slope not greater than____when the depth is less than 5.5 feet
1 in per 12 inch
The rate of filtration should be________for a diatomic filter.
1 to 2 gpm/ ft2
An operating free chlorine residual of ________is usually required in practice.
1.0 to 3.0 mg/liter
Gas chlorine is considered:
100% available chlorine
One study of basic sanitation and migrant farm workers found that migrants who did not have access to water and sanitation facilities in the field had a clinic utilization rate for diarrhea:
20 times that of urban poor
A pool filtration system should filter the entire calculated volume of water every
6 to 8 hours
A pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of water a minimum of every
6 to 8 hours
Water in wading pools should be completely recirculated every
60 minutes
The gutters or skimmers receive a minimum of ________of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float.
60%
The gutters or skimmers should receive a minimum if what percent of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and material which typically float
60%
The ideal pH range for swimming pools is:
7.2 to 7.6
A pH_______is probably optimal for minimal eye irritation along with maintenance of effective residual chlorine.
7.5-7.6
Which pH could cause the least eye irritation?
7.6
The assemblage of large numbers of people in a limited area requires that certain minimum facilities be provided. Some guidelines to assist in the preparation of mass gatherings include:
A plan showing area of site and location in relation to towns within 20 miles, refuse storage and disposal, noise control
Approved public swimming pools should have:
A pump that will recirculate the contents of the pool every 6 hours. A filter that is designed for the output of the re circulation pump. A disinfection system capable of dosing an outdoor pool at 10mg/1 liter
