Chapter 2 review World History and Geography

Domesticated

Adapted to life with and to the advantage of humans. The pastoral nomads did this with their animals for food and clothing.

Bureaucracy

An administrative organization that relied on non-elective officials and regular procedures. The government would help the Pharaoh in ruling during the Old Kingdom. Each province that was run by these Governors were under the Pharaoh's supervision and control.

Aristocracy

An upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from generation to another. Their major concern was war and everything was land-based.

Hieroglyphics

Are priests carvings or sacred writings. It was a complex system of writing that used both pictures and more abstract forms. Was used by the ancient Egyptians in Mayer starting around 3000 BC.

Nile River

Begins in Africa and courses north ward for more than four thousand miles and empties into the Mediterranean. The Egyptians believed that the Nile River was the creator of all goods in its ability to bring them food and other riches.

Judaism

Believe that all people are made in God's image. Believe in one God distinguishing them from others. No leader could claim that he alone knew God's will, it was available to anyone who read the Bible.

Shang Dynasty

Characterized under farming, art of making bronze, they're Supernatural beliefs, and their cities.

Obsidian

Dark natural glass stone formed by lava. Was prized in mesoamerica. Was used in tools, mirrors, and most often to create weapons for war and to protect merchants.

Pastoral nomads

Domesticated animals for food and clothing and moves along regular migratory routes. They would occasionally overrun settled communities and then created Empires.

Indus Valley

Dry plateau forms the backbone of the modern state of Pakistan. The Indus Valley enjoyed a more moderate climate in served as the Cradle of Indian civilization. Was from the Ganges River.

Covenant

During the exodus from Egypt, when Moses led his people, God made a covenant, or contract. He promised to protect them if they followed his Torah, judaism's foundational set of procepts. Ten Commandments.

The two river systems of India

Ganges and the Indus. The Indus River supported a civilization that extended hundreds of miles from the Himalaya.

Mohenjo Daro

Had about 40,000 habitants, nice houses that followed the same square Courtyard surrounding, public Wells, bathrooms, systems of chutes for trash, and had a well-organized government.

The Minoans

In the Eastern Mediterranean and established on the island of Crete. Flourished from 2700 through 1450 BC. Had a complex revealed rich culture with Knossos as the center of the far-ranging see Empire based on trade. The civilization collapsed around 1450 BC. Some believe it was ended by huge tidal wave, others think that the destruction was a result of an invasion by mainland Greeks.

Dynasty cycle

In the old Dynasty, they have lost the Mandate of Heaven so they result in floods, famine, lawlessness, corruption, and are unable to defend against Invaders. In the new Dynasty they claim the Mandate of Heaven and order is restored, protection from Invaders, rebuild infrastructure, and expand trade. In the old Dynasty all this weekend's and they lose control leading right back into the old Dynasty.

Egyptian accomplishments

Include their inventions of hieroglyphics, heretic script, paper, pyramids, temples, other architectural monuments, artistic achievements, advances in math, and an accurate 365 day calendar.

Prophets

Introduced ideas that enriched the Jewish tradition. They cried out against social injustice. They are one of three of the Jewish religious tradition.

Monotheistic

Is believing in one God who was the creator of the world and everything in it. The Jews believe God is all-powerful, all-knowing and present everywhere

Subcontinent

Is part of India and is shaped like a triangle hanging from the Southern Ridge of Asia, is composed of a number of core regions.

Mandate of Heaven

Is something a dynasty can possess. It was believed that heaven kept order in the universe through whichever King possessed the Mandate of Heaven.

Phoenicians

Lived along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Their Newfound political Independence help them expand their trade. They created a trade Empire once they built ships and became known as great International sea Traders. They were best known for their alphabet.

Olmec

Located at the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz. They had rubber trees so the people were called rubber people. Had large cities that were centers for economic activities and religious rituals. They had hot swampy lowlands used for farming. They had a calendar and numerical system.

Chavin

Located in South America in modern-day Peru and Ecuador. They developed a sophisticated system of irrigation, made objects of Gold, Silver and Stone. They also created a solar Observatory Made of Stone.

Zapotec

Located in central Mexico. They had massive Stone Terrence atop a high mountain. 20,000 people lived in the sides of mountains. Unlike most societies, the Zoptec was able to flourish without having a major water source. Nobles and Priests ruled over populations.

Mummification

Mummification is a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting. This process took place in workshops run by priest primarily for the wealthy families that could afford it.

Anyang

North of the Huang He and is where the Shang Kings finally settled their Capital City. Divided into territories governed by aristocratic military leaders.

Huang He

Or Yellow River, stretches across China for more than 2,900 miles, carrying rich yellow silt. Helped provide fertile fields for food.

Mesoamerica

Region and culture in the Americans extending from Central Mexico. Within it a number of advanced societies flourished.

Filial piety

The concept of family in China focused on and it refers to a son or daughter. The duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family.

Sanskirt

The first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 BC. Having this written language enabled them to record the Legends and religious rituals.

Pyramids

We're tombs for the mummified bodies of pharaohs. The largest pyramid is the Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza. Pyramids were a great symbol of royal power.

Israelites

Were descendants of the patriarch Abraham. Their ancestors migrated from Mesopotamia to Canaan. They focused on grazing animals rather than I'm farming. They later moved to Egypt where they were enslaved till Moses led them out. Their history and religious beliefs are written down in the Hebrew Bible, Old Testament. They later developed Israel.

Pharaoh

Were powerful rulers of the Old Kingdom that lasted from 2700 BC to 2200 BC. The term originally meant great house or Palace. They had absolute power

Dynasty

When a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family. The first dynasty was created around 3100 BC when King means United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single Kingdom.

Patriarchal

When the oldest male held legal authority over the entire family. In Ancient India the whole family lived under the same roof.

Nile Delta

Where the Nile River splits into two major branches that forms a triangular territory. The Nile Delta region is called Lower Egypt this is because it is the end area where the river flows.

Dao

was the way a king was expected to rule according to the proper way / teachings. The king chosen to rule due to the possession of the Mandate of Heaven, was to rule in this Divine Way.