Chapter 2 SB Hunt
_______ reflect feelings about people, places, and objects and can be positive or negative.
Attitudes
The statement "I believe" reflects which overall attitude component?
Cognitive
Personal attitudes affect ________ via ________.
behavior; intentions
A force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is:
commitment
Organizational commitment occurs when employees value achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals. When this occurs, the consistency is called ________- _________ fit.
person-culture
An individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called:
withdrawal cognitions
The cost of turnover for a valuable hourly employee is approximately ______ of his or her salary.
20 percent
Which statement about the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is true?
Both variables indirectly influence each other.
When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of
CWB
Low employee engagement and low performance are examples of __________ work behaviors.
Counterproductive
Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB.
False
Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.
False
True or false: Job satisfaction and job performance are unrelated in a work context.
False
True or false: Managers should try to increase negative effects of stress by decreasing job satisfaction.
False
Select all the feelings related to employee engagement.
Intensity Enthusiasm Urgency Focus
Which of the following are attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction?
Perceived stress Job involvement Withdrawal cognitions Motivation
According to the Organizing Framework for Understanding and Applying OB, human and social capital is considered a _________ factor that aids in employee engagement at work
Person
When an employee enjoys the work being done and has a positive attitude, which of the following will be true?
The employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens. The employee will be more agreeable to working harder.
Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
True
Beliefs you have that concern something specific, such as a specific person, are known as personal
attitudes
Job satisfaction and employee engagement are two workplace __________ measured by management.
attitudes
Ajzen and Fishbein consider intentions as the key link between ______ and planned _____.
attitudes; behavior
Cognitive
beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation
In Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two
bipolar dimensions.
OB researchers define __________ as "a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets."
commitment
Organizational __________ exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture.
commitment
What should an individual do before quitting a job?
conduct a cost-benefit analysis
Individuals committed to an organization tend to display a _____.
continuation of employment with the firm
Behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders is called:
counterproductive work behavior
Organizations can promote desired behaviors and not CWB's by:
designing jobs that increase satisfaction. defining desired behaviors. screening for CWBs during the hiring process.
When people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance. they are demonstrating _________ _________ .
employee engagement
Kahn described "the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles" as:
employee engagement.
When a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest?
employee motivation positive employee attitudes
Feeling a sense of urgency to complete your work is one indicator of employee ________.
engagement
Select all the characteristics of telecommuting.
enhanced productivity and retention decreased absenteeism
The concept of equity ties directly to how _________ a person is treated at work.
fairly
Affective
feelings or emotions that one has about a given object or situation
The extent to which an individual is personally engaged in his or her work role is called
job involvement.
An affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job is called ______.
job satisfaction
The term _________ _________reflects the extent to which a person likes his or her job.
job satisfaction
To ensure the highest levels of employee motivation, employers should strive to create work environments that:
match employees' values
In Schwartz's circular-motivation structure, individuals are least likely to hold two values that are
on opposing sides of the circle.
Only when a firm's favorable treatment is voluntary rather than mandated by an external constraint will it be seen as:
organizational support
Perceived ________ ________motivates employees to work hard and commit to the organization.
organizational support
The best way for managers to influence employees behavior is to
reinforce appropriate beliefs.
In Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, a perceived social pressure for or against a behavior is a(n)
subjective norm.
Which of the following are among the general motives in Ajzen's theory of planned behavior that predict or influence intention and behavior?
subjective norms attitude toward the behavior perceived behavioral control
Danny is convinced that the new recycling program implemented at his company is worth the extra effort of sorting his waste. He believes in this so strongly that he reminds everyone in the department that they should all get on board and gives an extensive presentation at the monthly meeting. Danny values
universalism.
The abstract ideals that influence the choices we make are called:
values
Schwartz's model suggests that
values may conflict with each other.
The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational financial performance is ______ the relationship between job satisfaction and individual productivity.
weaker than
Personal values exemplify global beliefs, while personal __________ are more specific to particular situations, persons, or objects.
Attitudes
Personality and positive psychological capital are considered __________ ____________ that contribute to employee engagement.
Person Factors
Ajzen and Fishbein consider ________ as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior.
intentions
Turnover has a moderately strong negative relationship with job _______.
satisfaction
Leadership and stressors are considered _________ factors that contribute to employee engagement levels.
situation
True or false: Perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative.
true
Schwartz's second bipolar dimension ranges from self-directed independence or openness to __________ to __________ .
Change; Conservation
Which of the following are workplace attitudes that managers pay attention to?
Employee engagement Job satisfaction Organizational commitment Perceived organizational support
Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement.
Stressors Leadership Job characteristics
Which of the following are true about values?
They can guide behavior subconsciously. They are generally stable.
Which of the following is true about attitudes?
They range from positive to negative.
Which of the following are true of personal values?
They represent global beliefs. They influence behavior across all situations.
A person's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another is called:
a psychological contract
A manager who makes sure to treat employees in a manner that they perceive as fair is exhibiting which model of job satisfaction?
equity
The essence of employee engagement is that employees:
give their all
An organization that has high levels of aggregate job satisfaction could expect to experience which of the following?
improved accounting/financial performance
Feelings of equity are based on a comparison of which two factors?
inputs outcomes
Job satisfaction has a positive association with which of the following behavioral outcomes?
organizational citizenship behavior job performance
An employee who always arrives early, volunteers to train new hires, and offers constructive statements or suggestions for improvement exhibits which of the following?
organizational citizenship behaviors
People who have a _________ attitude about work will be more open to working longer hours.
positive
High levels of job satisfaction lead to lower levels of which behavioral outcomes?
turnover counterproductive work behavior
Which of the following are recommended actions for you to take to create positive change in your professional life?
Analyze and change your beliefs about a behavior you want to change Identify your core values Identify what types of work you find meaningful
An individual's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another party is referred to as a ________ __________.
Psychological Contracts
Which of the following accurately describes current trends in employee turnover?
There is a trend for employees to quit when they have spent less than one year on the job.
Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.
True
Select examples of organizational citizenship behavior.
expression of personal interest in the work of others constructive statements about the departments respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules
There are four attitude and four behavior components found to correlate with ______.
job satisfaction
The extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her needs is called:
need fulfillment
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ________
needs
Individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called:
organizational citizenship
The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is:
organizational commitment
The extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being is:
perceived organizational support.
Marie works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Marie's beliefs represent a(n)
psychological contract.
Our values are influenced by the values of our ________ and by the ________ we have as children.
parents; experiences
Studies show that met expectations are strongly correlated with feelings of job _________ .
satisfaction
Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
true
Which of the following are negative effects of stress?
Viral infections Absenteeism Heart disease Increased turnover
An individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting are called _________ _________.
Withdrawal Cognitions
What drives behavior according to Schwartz's theory?
the relative importance we place on two dimensions of opposing values
Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes self-________ and self-_______.
transcendence; enhancement
_________ allows employees to do all or some of their work from home using technology and Internet tools.
Telecommuting
Shalom Schwartz believed that ________ impact behavior across any context.
Vlaues
Behavioral
how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something
Which model of job satisfaction reflects the difference between what an employee expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives?
met expectations
Job involvement is ______ related to job satisfaction.
moderately
An employee's beliefs about what he or she is entitled to receive in return for what he or she provides to the organization are represented by his or her
psychological contract.
Counterproductive work behavior has a strong negative relationship with __________ _________.
Job satisfaction
