Chapter 2: Stress: The Constant Challenge

Which of the following are recommended guidelines for managing your time?

Consider doing your least favorite tasks first. Delegate responsibility.

What are reasons that jobs are one of the top sources of stress for Americans?

Employees are left out of important decisions concerning their work. Salary and job security are sources of worry. Tight schedules leave less time for stress-proofing activities.

How does exercise benefit your body?

Exercise helps one maintain a healthy body and mind. Exercise reduces many of the negative effects of stress. Exercise stimulates the birth of new brain cells.

Donating money and personally volunteering offer the same beneficial health effects.

False

True or false: Only negative life changes are a source of stress.

False

Which of the following can reduce many of the negative effects of stress?

Regular physical activity

Melanie's research paper for biology will be due at the end of the month. Melanie knows that if she waits until the last week, she will not produce her best work. What steps can Melanie take to manage her time and get the paper done before the deadline?

Set realistic goals and write them down. Set priorities. Budget enough time.

"Stress," as we commonly use the term, can mean both an event and the reaction to that event.

True

True or false: Social interactions can be both a buffer against and a cause of stress.

True

True or false: Studies show that married people tend to live longer than those who are divorced, widowed, or never married.

True

What is the key to promoting health and well-being through journaling?

Write about your emotional responses to stressful events.

What are common stressors for a majority of college students?

academic stress financial concerns interpersonal stress

Which of the following are examples of environmental stressors?

acts of urban violence natural disasters intrusive noises

Major life changes can be a source of stress. Which of the following is not a major life change?

adding a class for the next semester

At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaptation syndrome will you first experience?

alarm

Which of the following describes mindfulness?

being in the present moment paying attention on purpose being nonjudgmentally aware of what is happening

Although spirituality is difficult to study, researchers have linked spiritual wellness to which of the following?

better emotional health lower risk of disease faster recovery from disease

Researcher Gary Schwartz showed that self-regulation maintains stability of body functions and proposed that ______ techniques could be used to manage stress.

biofeedback

Job-related stress that is severe or chronic can result in a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion called __________.

burnout, burn out, or burn-out

Allostatic load is generally measured by indicators of cumulative strain on several organs and tissues, especially on the __________ (cardiovascular/digestive) system.

cardiovascular

As the semester progressed, Latoya was experiencing several internal stressors regarding her roommate and did not want the situation to get out of control. While walking with her roommate back from class, Latoya respectfully and assertively addressed her concerns. Latoya demonstrated how to effectively ______.

communicate

Yasmeen is having a challenging time getting her stress under control. She wants to talk with someone, but she wants to be sure what she talks about will remain confidential. Her best choice would be a:

counselor

Minor setbacks, such as not having enough milk for breakfast or finding the treadmills at the health center all occupied, can impose brief but frequent stressors. These ______ can be a hindrance to an individual's overall wellness.

daily hassles

Meditating is an example of a(n) ______ that can promote wellness and enable us to function at our best.

effective behavioral response

The discipline of psychoneuroimmunology studies the interactions of which of the following systems? (Choose every correct answer.)

endocrine nervous immune

Which of the following have been shown to be necessary for receiving health benefits from volunteering?

enjoying the work volunteering consistently

Traffic jams and working in crime-related areas have an impact on an individual's stress level. These are examples of ______ stressors.

environmental

Pablo has found himself overeating as final exams approach. His overeating can be attributed to ______.

excess stress

When confronted by a classmate who had been bullying him, Alex felt his breathing increase and his heart pounding as he decided to hold his ground. This type of reaction is called ______.

fight, flight, or freeze

According to the model of connectedness proposed by Schwartz, biofeedback techniques enable people to do which of the following?

gain awareness of their physiological functions manage their stress moderate their own physiological functions

Which of the following is a universal and predictable response pattern to all stressors?

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Journaling may be especially helpful in dealing with severe stress for those who ______.

have a difficult time opening up to others

Evidence indicates that stress can ______.

increase vulnerability to many ailments

The use of alcohol and tobacco, overeating, and expressing hostility are examples of ______ behavioral responses to stressors.

ineffective

Communicating in a way that ______ can prevent stressful situations from getting out of control.

is assertive but also respects the rights of other

Shoring up support networks; improving your communication skills; developing healthy eating, exercise, and sleeping habits; and learning to identify and moderate individual stressors are all steps to ______ the stress in your life.

manage

To appropriately manage stress, you may want to limit the intake of caffeine, because it is a ______.

mildly addictive stimulant that leaves some people jittery, irritable, and unable to sleep

Sigmond knows that cigarettes are highly addictive, primarily because they contain

nicotine

Even though organized religion is the most common source for spiritual wellness, other sources that can provide healthy spiritual meaning and purpose include all of the following except ______.

organizations that manipulate your perspective

Ahmad is working on his stress-management skills. As he reflects on the day's events, he notices several daily hassles that rank high on his perceived stress level. Ahmad wants to work on dealing with his daily hassles because they can contribute to a general decrease in ______.

overall wellness

An interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system affects the immune system. The study of the interactions among the three systems is called ______.

psychoneuroimmunology

Which of the following is a recommended approach to help prevent a number of serious diseases?

responding effectively to stress

Despite there being no cure for tension headaches, an individual can obtain relief by taking over-the-counter pain killers, having a massage, taking a shower, or ______.

resting

Samir will commence his new job on Monday. He is concerned that his religious beliefs will be a source of prejudice and that he will have difficulty communicating in English because it is not his native language. Samir is experiencing a(n) ______ stressor.

social

After experiencing burnout, Maura decides to do a better job managing the stress in her life. Which of the following would not be suitable for that purpose?

starting an accelerated MBA program

The term ________ describes the general physical and emotional states that accompany the stress response.

stress

Ian's stress log indicates he is a comfort eater. He feels that talking to various other people with the same problem will help him the most. Ian should visit a ______.

support group

Mindfulness can help us to ______.

tackle stress, social anxiety, and depression take notice of the world around us and reflect upon our place within it reflect on our emotions, thoughts, and self

After a long day as an intern, Cassie had dull, steady pain on both sides of her head. Cassie is most likely experiencing a ______.

tension headache

You are hiking along a trail in the woods when you spot a bear that was behind a nearby tree. Immediately, your heart is racing, your palms are sweaty, and your legs are shaking as you take a split second to decide what to do. This scenario is an example of ______.

the body's fight-or-flight reaction to danger

Allostatic load refers to the ______.

wearing down of body systems due to constant accommodation to stressors

For many students in college, common stressors include which of the following?

worries about exams and grades worries about money worries about the future

Which of the following statements are true of social support?

Having the support of friends and family members seems to contribute to the well-being of the mind and body. College students who have strong social support are less distressed by their cramped living quarters than those who go through life alone.

Which of the following statements about stress and health is TRUE, according to the American Psychological Association's Stress in America survey?

In 2020, self-reported stress levels increased significantly for the first time since the survey began.

What are reasons that effective stress management is important?

It helps prevent serious diseases. It enhances psychological health.

Cigarettes and other tobacco products contain Blank______, a chemical that enhances the actions of neurotransmitters.

Nicotine