Chapter 2 - Using Financial Statements and Budgets

A(n) [auto loan balance/insurance premium] would be an example of a current liability.

b. Insurance premium [Moderate]

The purpose of the debt service ratio is to show the amount of your income needed to pay your [current liabilities/monthly loan payments].

b. Monthly loan payments [Moderate]

When the income and expense statement indicates a cash surplus, this may be used to increase net worth by increasing assets or decreasing liabilities.

True [Moderate]

You have a balanced budget when total income for the year equals or exceeds total expenditures for the year.

True [Moderate]

Jacque's total monthly loan payments are $1,020 while her gross income is $3,000 per month. What is her debt service ratio? a. 34% b. 43% c. 50% d. 75% e. 82%

Debt Service Ratio: Total monthly loan payments/Monthly gross (before-tax) income $1,020/$3,000 = a. 34% [Challenging]

A home and land should be recorded on the personal balance sheet at their original cost.

False [Challenging]

Approximately 50 percent of Americans prepare a detailed household budget.

False [Moderate]

Mindy and Lou had total liquid assets of $10,000 and total current debts of $30,000. What is their liquidity ratio? a. 25% b. 33% c. 67% d. 150% e. 300%

Liquidity ratio: Total liquid assets/total current debts $10,000/$30,000 = b. 33% [Moderate]

The Hamptons want to have $1,750,000 for their retirement in 30 years. How much should they save annually if they think they can earn 8% on their investments?

N = 30 I = 8 FV = 1,750,000 PV = 0 PMT =? $15,448

The Flemings will need $80,000 annually for 20 years during retirement. How much will they need at retirement if they can earn a 4% rate of return?

PMT = 80,000 N = 20 I = 4 PV = ? $1,087,226

All of the following are stages in preparing a cash budget except a. Forecasting income. b. Forecasting expenses. c. Calculating the future value of the cash surplus. d. Finalizing the cash budget.

c. Calculating the future value of the cash surplus [Easy]

Budgets are a. Restrictive. b. Complicated. c. Forward looking. d. Permanent. e. Retrospective.

c. Forward looking [Easy]

A budget is a a. Purchase plan. b. Line of credit. c. Financial statement. d. Detailed financial forecast. e. Set of personal financial objectives.

d. Detailed financial forecast [Easy]

____ would not be listed as a liability on your personal balance sheet. a. Taxes owed b. Loan balances c. Bank credit card charges d. Savings accounts e. Rent due

d. Savings accounts [Easy]

Which of the following are not among the four categories accounting for three-quarters of consumer spending? a. Utilities b. Clothing c. Food d. a and b e. a, b, and c

d. a and b (utilities & clothing) [Easy]

A budget is a detailed statement of what income and expenses occurred over a past period.

False [Moderate]

If you obtain a loan to purchase a car in June, this loan amount would be included as income for June.

False [Moderate]

If you use net salary as income on your budget, the expenditures section must include income taxes and social security taxes.

False [Moderate]

A personal balance sheet provides a statement of your financial [position/performance].

a. Position [Easy]

Phil has $2,000 and he needs it to grow to $4,000 in 8 years. Assuming he adds no more money to this fund, what rate of return would he need to earn? a. 6% b. 7% c. 8% d. 9% e. 10%

d. 9% [Challenging]

Net worth is measured by a. Bank card balances. b. House mortgage balances. c. Amount owed on an automobile loan. d. Assets minus liabilities. e. Insurance premium.

d. Assets minus liabilities [Easy]

On the personal balance sheet, a mortgage loan is recorded as the a. Interest only. b. Sum of interest paid and the outstanding balance. c. Sum of interest due and the outstanding balance. d. Principal portion only. e. None of the above.

d. Principal portion only [Moderate]

Budgeting and record keeping are really the same activity.

False [Easy]

Net worth typically increases over the life cycle of an individual or family, peaking at about age 55.

False [Easy]

Your total cash income is $40,000. You pay $5,000 in taxes and $30,000 in other expenses. Your savings ratio is a. 7.5%. b. 10.0%. c. 12.5%. d. 13.3%. e. 14.3%.

Savings ratio: Cash surplus/Income after taxes $40,000 - $5,000 - $30,000 = $5,000/$35,000 = e. 14.3% [Challenging]

Your total cash income is $80,000. You pay $8,000 in taxes and $60,000 in other expenses. Your savings ratio is a. 10.0%. b. 14.3%. c. 15.0%. d. 16.7%. e. 17.5%.

Savings ratio: Cash surplus/Income after taxes d. 16.7% [Challenging]

Mike and Teresa Garza have a monthly gross income of $5,000, but they pay $1,000 per month in taxes. They also pay $2,000 per month in various loan payments. What is their debt service ratio? a. 20% b. 30% c. 40% d. 50% e. 60%

Total monthly loan payments/Monthly gross (before-tax) income $2,000/$5,000 = c. 40% [Challenging]

Jewelry, furniture, and computers are examples of personal property.

True [Easy]

The value of assets purchased on credit should be included on the asset side of your personal balance sheet.

True [Moderate]

Investment assets are required to [earn a return/provide a service].

a. Earn a return [Easy]

The time period covered by an income and expense statement is usually a. A week or a month. b. A month or a quarter. c. A month or a year. d. One to two years. e. One to five years.

c. A month or a year [Easy]

The savings ratio is calculated by dividing the cash surplus by before-tax income.

False [Easy]

Total liquid assets is the numerator in the savings ratio formula.

False [Easy]

An income and expense statement deficit would increase net worth.

False [Moderate]

The Hart family spends 30 percent of their disposable income on housing, 5 percent on medical expenses, 25 percent on food, 10 percent on clothing, 14 percent on loan repayments, and 8 percent on entertainment. How much of their disposable income is available for savings and investment? (Show all work.)

30 + 5 + 25 + 10 + 14 + 8 = 82% 100% - 92% = 8% [Moderate]

Another word for take-home pay is [gross/disposable] income.

b. Disposable [Easy]

Rosa and Jose have liquid assets of $5,000 and other assets of $50,000. Their total liabilities equal $26,000. What is their net worth? (Show all work).

$5,000 + $50,000 = $55,000 $55,000 - $26,000 = $29,000 Total Assets Less: Total Liabilities Equal: Net Worth [Challenging]

Jamil invested $9,500 in an account he expects will earn 5% annually. Approximately how many years will it take for the account to double in value? a. 8.8 b. 9.7 c. 10.8 d. 11.4 e. 14.4

72/5 = 14.4 e. 14.4 [Moderate]

Theresa invested $5,000 in an account she expects will earn 7% annually. Approximately how many years will it take for the account to double in value? a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11 e. 12

72/7 = 10 c. 10 [Moderate]

Russ buys his wife a valuable painting for $20,000. He purchases it using $15,000 from his savings and a $5,000 loan. How does this transaction affect Russ's personal balance sheet? a. His assets increase. b. His liabilities increase. c. His net worth stays the same. d. a and b e. a, b and c

C. His net worth stays the same [Challenging]

Inflation this coming year is expected to be 4 percent. If Mr. Gonza earned $37,000 this year, how much must he earn the following year just to keep up with inflation and maintain the balance between his income and his increasing expenditures? (Show all work.)

I = 4 N = 1 PMT = 0 PV = 37,000 FV = ? $38,480

Mandy and Jeff have a net worth of $25,000 and total assets of $140,000. If their revolving credit and unpaid bills total $2,200, what are their total liabilities? a. $115,000 b. $140,000 c. $142,200 d. $165,000 e. $167,200

a. $115,000 [Challenging]

You bought a $500 stereo on the installment plan and made two payments of $75 during the year. On your income and expense statement for the year, you will show an expense of [$150/$500].

a. $150 [Moderate]

If your total liquid assets equal $50,000 and your total current debts equal $15,000, your liquidity ratio is a. 30%. b. 70%. c. 143%. d. 233%. e. 333%.

a. 30% [Moderate]

Your gross income was $32,000; your net income was $25,000; you saved $1,000. Your savings ratio was [3%/4%].

b. 4% [Challenging]

The income and expense statement is specific to a. One point in time. b. A specific period of time. c. Last year. d. Next year. e. None of these.

b. A specific period of time [Easy]

[Borrowing money/cutting low-priority expenses] is the preferable way to deal with a budget deficit.

b. Cutting low-priority expenses [Easy]

If you liquidate assets or borrow to make your budget balance, this will [increase/decrease] your net worth.

b. Decrease [Moderate]

Another term sometimes used for net worth is [collateral/equity].

b. Equity [Easy]

Four categories, accounting for 75% of consumer spending, include [entertainment/food].

b. Food [Easy]

_____ is an example of a variable expense. a. Mortgage payment b. Food c. Car payment d. Monthly insurance premium e. Professional dues

b. Food [Easy]

Four categories, accounting for 75% of consumer spending, include [clothing/housing].

b. Housing [Easy]

The income and expense statement includes a. Income, liabilities, and net worth. b. Income, expenses, and cash surplus or deficit. c. Expenses, net worth, and cash surplus or deficit. d. Net worth, cash surplus or deficit, and income or expenses. e. Savings, cash surplus or deficit, and income or expenses.

b. Income, expenses, and cash surplus or deficit [Moderate]

When your liabilities exceed your assets, you are [solvent/insolvent].

b. Insolvent [Easy]

The income and expense statement examines your financial a. Level. b. Performance. c. Position. d. Assets. e. Objectives.

b. Performance [Moderate]

When your assets exceed your liabilities, you are [saving/solvent].

b. Solvent [Moderate]

Your ____ is an example of a liquid asset. a. Home b. Car c. Checking account d. Charge account e. Life insurance cash value

c. Checking account [Easy]

The personal balance sheet equation is a. Total Assets / Total Liabilities = Net Worth. b. Total Assets × Total Liabilities = Net Worth. c. Total Assets − Total Liabilities = Net Worth. d. Total Assets + Total Liabilities = Net Worth. e. Total Liabilities − Total Assets = Net Worth.

c. Total Assets - Total Liabilities = Net Worth [Easy]

Personal balance sheet liabilities should be recorded at their a. Original outstanding balance. b. Year-end outstanding balance. c. Average outstanding balance d. Current outstanding balance. e. None of these.

d. Current outstanding balance [Easy]

83. On an income and expense statement covering January 1 to June 30, ____ would not be included as income. a. Wages and salaries received in that six months b. Interest received on June 30 c. Auto sold with payment received May 15 d. Inheritance granted in April, to be paid in September e. Income tax refund received April 14

d. Inheritance granted in April, to be paid in September [Moderate]

The main purpose of a budget is to a. Develop goals. b. Develop a financial plan. c. Give feedback to the plan. d. Monitor and control financial outcomes. e. Revise goals.

d. Monitor and control financial outcomes [Easy]

When Phil lists his house on his personal balance sheet, he should record the a. Actual purchase price. b. Replacement value. c. Insured value. d. Sale price. e. Fair market value.

e. Fair market value [Easy]

The personal balance sheet and income and expense statement should be prepared at least annually.

True [Easy]

The personal balance sheet describes a family's wealth a. At a certain point in tine. b. As an annual summary. c. As a time period less than one year. d. At a future time. e. None of these

a. At a certain point in time [Easy]

____ would not be a long-term financial goal. a. Purchasing a new car b. Providing adequate life insurance c. Reducing income taxes d. Paying your phone bill e. Planning for retirement

d. Paying your phone bill [Easy]

If your total assets equal $87,000 and your total liabilities equal $10,000, your solvency ratio is a. 11.5%. b. 13.0%. c. 77.0%. d. 87.0%. e. 88.5%.

e. 88.5% [Challenging]

A cash budget should help you to a. Achieve your short-term financial goals. b. Implement disciplined spending. c. Eliminate needless spending. d. Allocate funds to savings and investments. e. Do all of these.

e. Do all of these [Easy]

Kathy purchased new furniture for $10,000. She put $1,000 down and financed $9,000. She will pay $350 per month until the loan is paid off. Which of the following is true? a. The furniture should be recorded as an asset of $10,000 on Kathy's personal balance sheet. b. The $9,000 is entered as a liability on Kathy's personal balance sheet. c. The furniture should be recorded as a $1,000 expenditure on Kathy's personal balance sheet. d. The $350 payments are expenses on Kathy's income and expense statement. e. All are correct except c.

e/ All are correct except c. [Challenging]

Jamie wants to have $1,000,000 for her retirement in 25 years. How much should she save annually if she thinks she can earn 10% on her investments?

FV = 1,000,000 N = 25 I = 10 PMT = ? $10,168.07 PV = 0

All assets, regardless of category, should be recorded on your personal balance sheet at their current fair market value.

False [Challenging]

Only four categories of spending account for almost 90% of all consumer expenditures.

False [Challenging]

The income and expense statement looks forward in time, while a budget is backward looking.

False [Challenging]

The balance sheet equation is assets plus liabilities equals net worth.

False [Easy]

The best place to keep a budget is in a safe deposit box.

False [Easy]

The best way to balance your budget is to increase borrowing.

False [Easy]

Interest you earned on your savings account would be an entry on your personal balance sheet.

False [Moderate]

Investment assets include items such as boats or automobiles.

False [Moderate]

Mary and Tom purchased their home for $150,000, and it is now worth $175,000. Its asset value is $150,000.

False [Moderate]

Money I loaned to a friend is a liability on my balance sheet.

False [Moderate]

Net income (after taxes) should be used when developing an income and expense statement.

False [Moderate]

Only the current month's payment on your mortgage loans would be listed on the personal balance sheet as a liability.

False [Moderate]

The equity in your home is the difference between the loan balance and the purchase price.

False [Moderate]

The savings ratio is useful in the evaluation of the personal balance sheet.

False [Moderate]

If your income and expense statement shows a cash deficit, you may have a. Increased your debts. b. Increased your assets. c. Added to savings. d. Bought additional insurance. e. Paid off some of your debts.

a. Increased your debts [Challenging]

___ is an example of personal property. a. Jewelry b. Recreational equipment c. Corporate bond d. Charge account balance e. Both a and b

a. Jewelry [Easy]

[Medical expenses/rent payments] would be more difficult to estimate for the coming year.

a. Medical expenses [Easy]

Which of the following is among the four categories accounting for almost three-quarters of consumer spending? a. Personal insurance and pensions b. Clothing c. Utilities d. Entertainment e. Medical

a. Personal insurance and pensions [Easy]

[Present/Future] value is the value today of an amount to be received in the future.

a. Present

Your auto loan payments would be listed as an expense on the income and expense statement.

True [Moderate]

A detailed short-term financial forecast used to monitor and control expenses is called a [budget/financial statement].

a. Budget [Moderate]

The total amount of salary you earn before taxes are deducted is called your [gross/net] pay.

a. Gross [Easy]

A [house/certificate of deposit] is an example of a tangible asset.

a. House [Easy]

If your budget shows a deficit, one option is to increase [income/expenses] to regain balance.

a. Income [Moderate]

If you pay off your debt but make no changes in your assets, your net worth will [increase/decrease].

a. Increase [Moderate]

The most difficult approach to handling a budget deficit is to [increase income/liquidate investments].

a. Increase income [Moderate]

A budget will have value only if it is actually used and [records are kept of actual income and expenses/spending never deviates from the budgeted amount].

a. Records are kept of actual income and expenses [Easy]

A [savings account/retirement account] would be an example of a liquid asset.

a. Savings account [Easy]

The Wilson family's short-term goals might include a. Setting up an emergency fund of three months' income b. Buying a house c. Sending the kids to college d. Planning to retire at age 60 e. All of these

a. Setting up an emergency fund of three months' income [Easy]

You would not include ____ on an income and expense statement. a. The value of your stock portfolio b. Taxes withheld c. Utilities paid d. Mortgage payments e. Charitable payments

a. The value of your stock portfolio [Challenging]

When estimating income for the income and expense statement, you should a. use gross income. b. include expected pay increases. c. adjust for inflation. d. use net income. e. do none of these.

a. Use gross income [Moderate]

Which of the following is not among the four categories accounting for almost three-quarters of consumer spending? a. Utilities b. Food c. Transportation d. Housing e. Personal insurance and pensions

a. Utilities [Easy]

A deficit on your income and expense statement will have [an/no] effect on your personal balance sheet.

a. an [easy]

The liquidity ratio is designed to show the percentage of [your current debt obligations/next month's credit obligations] you could cover with your current assets.

a. your current debt obligations [Moderate]

Your car has a market value of $10,000 while the balance of the loan against it is now $2,500. You will list this car in the assets section of your personal balance sheet at [$7,500/$10,000].

b. $10,000 [Moderate]

Your investment advisor wants you to purchase an annuity that will pay you $25,000 per year for 10 years. If you require a 7% return, what is the most you should pay for this investment? a. $49,179 b. $175,590 c. $201,000 d. $225,682 e. $250,000

b. $175,000 [Challenging]

You originally paid $6,000 for your car, which has a current market value of $4,000 , and the balance of the loan against it is now $2,500. You will list this car in the assets section of your personal balance sheet at [$6,000/$4,000].

b. $4,000 [Moderate]

A liability would be listed on a personal balance sheet as the [amount originally borrowed/amount of the next loan payment to be made].

c. None of these [Challenging]

The best approach to solving the problem of an annual budget deficit is generally to a. Liquidate enough savings to make up the deficit. b. Sell stock to make up the deficit. c. Reduce flexible expenses. d. Reduce fixed expenses. e. Get a part-time job.

c. Reduce flexible expenses [Challenging]

To determine how effectively the budget is working, you can compare it to a. The personal balance sheet. b. The income and expense statement. c. The record of actual income and expenses. d. The year-end financial statements. e. Your financial goals.

c. The record of actual income and expenses [Challenging]

The savings ratio expresses a. The percentage of gross income saved. b. The ability to cover immediate debt when there is an interruption in income. c. The relative amount of cash surplus achieved during a given period. d. The percentage of tax-deferred income earned annually. e. None of the above.

c. The relative amount of cash surplus achieved during a given period [Moderate]

Michael and Sandy purchased a home for $100,000 five years ago. If it appreciated 6% annually, what is it worth today? a. $100,000 b. $106,000 c. $130,000 d. $133,823 e. $135,603

d. $133,823 [Challenging]

Sonny and Cher have a net worth of $35,000 and total assets of $200,000. If their revolving credit and unpaid bills total $2,200, what are their long-term liabilities? a. $115,000 b. $140,000 c. $142,200 d. $162,800 e. $165,000

d. $162,800 [Challenging]

Personal net worth is highest at about what age range? a. 35-44 b. 45-54 c. 55-64 d. 65-74 e. 75 and older

d. 65-74 [Easy]

Kim's net worth is $85,000 and her total assets are $100,000. What is Kim's solvency ratio? a. 15% b. 25% c. 65% d. 85% e. 100%

d. 85% [Moderate]

The three parts of your personal balance sheet are a. Income, liabilities, balance. b. Assets, expenditures, balance. c. Assets, liabilities, balance. d. Assets, liabilities, net worth. e. Income, liabilities, net worth.

d. Assets. liabilities, net worth [Easy]

In order to minimize the difficulty associated with meeting monthly loan payments, the debt service ratio should be a. above 50%. b. below 50%. c. at 35%. d. below 35%. e. above 20%.

d. Below 35% [Easy]

The expenditure categories for your budget should be determined by a. The BLS Urban Family Budget categories. b. Purchased budget book headings. c. Those used in previous years. d. Current and expected future spending. e. Itemized tax deductions.

d. Current and expected future spending [Moderate]

Another term sometimes used instead of net worth is a. Assets. b. Net debts. c. Long-term liabilities d. Equity. e. Liquid assets.

d. Equity [Easy]

A family could have a positive savings ratio at the same time that its debt service ratio is increasing.

True [Challenging]

A budget is an orderly estimate of income and expenditures.

True [Easy]

A cash budget has value only if you use it, review it regularly, and keep careful records of income and expenses.

True [Easy]

A house and land are examples of real property.

True [Easy]

In a budget, "fun money" is a budget category used for family members to spend as they like without having to account for how it is spent.

True [Easy]

Most types of personal property depreciate shortly after being put into use.

True [Easy]

Net worth typically peaks between the ages of 65-74 and then diminishes throughout remaining retirement years.

True [Easy]

Personal financial statements help you identify potential financial problems.

True [Easy]

So long as you can earn interest on your investments, in a strict financial sense, you should always prefer to receive equal amounts of money sooner rather than later.

True [Easy]

The income and expense statement is a summary of actual income earned and expenses made over a specific point of time.

True [Easy]

Total net worth is the numerator for the solvency ratio.

True [Easy]

Using time value of money is important when planning for long-term goals.

True [Easy]

When preparing a cash budget, estimating expenses using actual expenses from previous years and by tracking current expenses makes the task easier.

True [Easy]

You may be under-budgeting for food if you continually have monthly deficits in the food category.

True [Easy]

Your net worth and your equity in owned assets are the same basic concept.

True [Easy]

A balance sheet is like a photograph of your financial condition, while an income and expense statement is like a motion picture.

True [Moderate]

A budget is a detailed financial forecast.

True [Moderate]

A cash deficit decreases net worth.

True [Moderate]

A charge made on your credit card becomes a liability as soon as the charge is incurred.

True [Moderate]

A personal balance sheet shows your financial condition as of the time the statement is prepared.

True [Moderate]

A solvency ratio shows how much "cushion" you have as a protection against insolvency.

True [Moderate]

If you listed your gross salary in the income portion of the budget, the expenditures section must include income taxes and social security taxes.

True [Moderate]

Investments are mostly intangible financial assets acquired to achieve long-term personal financial goals.

True [Moderate]

The income and expense statement provides a measure of financial performance over a period of time.

True [Moderate]

The level of the debt service ratio would indicate your ability to meet loan payments out of current income.

True [Moderate]

The liquidity ratio is an indicator of a family's ability to pay current debts if there is an interruption in income.

True [Moderate]

The savings ratio indicates the percentage of after-tax income that is saved.

True [Moderate]

Using the future value calculations to estimate the funds needed to meet a goal takes compounding into account.

True [Moderate]

Total assets on your personal balance sheet are $6,000 and liabilities are $2,000. Your solvency ratio is [67%/33%].

a. 67% [Challenging]

The primary function of financial statements is to provide a picture of your [actual/projected] financial position.

a. Actual [Moderate]

Net worth is typically highest for those in the age bracket of [ages 65-74/ages 75 and older].

a. Ages 65-74 [Easy]

You should not record ____ on an income and expense statement covering January 1 to June 30. a. An $800 refrigerator bought on credit June 2 for which payment is not due until July b. A paid March telephone bill c. Health insurance premiums deducted from monthly pay checks d. Checking account service charges e. Groceries bought and paid for in June

a. An $800 refrigerator bought on credit June 2 for which payment is not due until July [Moderate]

Financial planning and budgeting [do/do not] mean the same thing.

b. do not [Moderate]

Jean and Jim have liquid assets of $3,600 and other assets of $42,800. Their total liabilities equal $26,000. What is their net worth? (Show all work).

($3,600 + $42,800) = $46,400 $46,400 - $26,000 = $20,400 Total Assets Less: Total Liabilities Equal: Net Worth [Challenging]

164. Inflation this coming year is expected to be 3 percent. If Mr. Gonza earned $45,000 this year, how much must he earn the following year just to keep up with inflation and maintain the balance between his income and his increasing expenditures? (Show all work.)

I = 3 N = 1 PMT = 0 PV = 45,000 FV = ? $46,350

If your expenses exceed your income, the bottom line of your income/expense statement will show a [surplus/deficit].

b. Deficit [Easy]

You are solvent if your a. Total liabilities exceed total assets. b. Total assets exceed total liabilities. c. Total assets exceed net worth. d. Total liabilities exceed net worth. e. None of these.

b. Total assets exceed total liabilities [Easy]

Sam and his wife Ann purchased a home in Lubbock, Texas, in 1980 for $100,000. Their original home mortgage was for $90,000. The house has a current market value of $175,000 and a replacement value of $200,000. They still owe $55,000 on their home mortgage. Sam and Sally are now constructing their balance sheet. How should their home be reflected on their current personal balance sheet? a. $200,000 asset and $55,000 liability b. $200,000 asset and $90,000 liability c. $175,000 asset and $55,000 liability d. $175,000 asset and $90,000 liability e. $100,000 asset and $55,000 liability

c. $175,000 asset and $55,000 liability [Challenging]

Elena purchased a stamp collection for $5,000 thirty years ago. If it appreciated 8% annually, what is it worth today? a. $17,000 b. $36,400 c. $50,313 d. $123,023 e. $150,000

c. $50,313 [Challenging]

The need for budget adjustments is indicated when a. Income is stable. b. Account deficits and surpluses balance out. c. Account deficits are more than surpluses. d. A new calendar year begins. e. Short-term financial goals are achieved.

c. Account deficits are more than surpluses [Moderate]

If your ____, your net worth on the personal balance sheet would have increased from one period to the next. a. Liabilities increased and assets remained constant b. Liabilities increased and assets decreased c. Assets increased and liabilities remained constant d. Income increased e. None of these

c. Assets increased and liabilities remained constant [Challenging]

Four categories, accounting for 75% of consumer spending, include [utilities/clothing].

c. Neither [Easy]

What can you do if your budget shows an annual budget deficit? a. Liquidate enough savings and investments to meet the total budget shortfall for the year. b. Borrow enough to meet the total budget shortfall for the year. c. Cut low-priority expenses from the budget. d. Increase income. e. All of the above.

e. All of the above [Moderate]

When a cash surplus exists on your income and expense statement, you can use it to a. Acquire assets. b. Pay off existing debts. c. Increase your savings. d. Increase your investments. e. Do any of the above.

e. Do any of the above [Easy]

A(n) ____ would not be listed as an asset on your balance sheet. a. Mortgaged home b. Savings account c. Owned automobile d. Checking account e. Leased automobile

e. Leased automobile [Easy]

Using personal balance sheet information, the ____ ratio indicates your ability to meet current debt payments. a. Solvency b. Liquidity c. Cash d. Savings e. Debt service

e. Liquidity [Moderate]

____ would be an example of a fixed expense. a. Food b. Vacation c. Utilities d. Taxes e. None of these

e. None of these [Easy]