Chapter 20, 21 & 22 Test Review

An airplane flying at 20,000 feet is above how much of the earth's atmosphere?

50%

Normal atmospheric pressure is enough to support a column of mercury approximately __.

76.0 cm high

Hot air rising from the equatorial regions cools and descends to form __.

A belt of dry, high-pressure air.

When water vapor in the atmosphere condenses onto a condensation nucleus, what happens?

A cloud forms

What is fog?

A cloud near the surface

A peneplain is __.

A nearly flat rolling plain produced by erosion

Explain why your ears pop when driving down a mountain.

Air is moving from the atmosphere into your eardrum

Your ears pop when your plane descends because __.

Air is moving from the outside into your eardrum.

What do you get on a grass when the dew point is below 32F?

Frost

What formed the Roche Moutonnee?

Glaciers

A road cut shows layers of sedimentary rock that are uptilted. From this observation, one could conclude that the rocks __.

Have been subjected to deformational stress

Which of the following soil components is not likely to be the result of mechanical weathering?

Humus

Describe how warming air affects its ability to hold water vapor.

Increased capacity to hold water vapor

What happened to the temperature as you increase in altitude in the stratosphere?

Increases

Correlation and relative dating through the use of index fossils is limited because __.

Index fossils are rarely found in other than sedimentary rocks.

The majority of the sun's radiation output occurs as __.

Infrared radiation

The red soils of Oklahoma and Georgia are due to the presence of __.

Iron oxides

The solar radiation that does reach the earth's surface __.

Is eventually radiation back into space, shows up as increase in temperature, is re-radiated by the earth largely in the infrared

Air moving down a mountain slope is often warm because __.

It is compressed as it moves to lower elevations

Without adding or removing any water vapor, a sample of air experiencing an increase in temperature, what happens to the relative humidity?

Lower relative humidity

The Cenozoic is known as the age of the __.

Mammals

Weathering involves the __.

Mechanical and chemical breakup of rocks

Freezing water exerts pressure on the wall of a crack in a rock mass, making the crack larger. This is an example of what type of weathering.

Mechanical weathering

What are the two basic types of weathering?

Mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

If you were hunting dinosaur fossils, you would be examining rocks from which era?

Mesozoic

Deposits of bulldozed rocks and other materials that remain after the ice melts is called a __.

Moraine

Deposits of bulldozed rocks that remain after a glacier melts are called __.

Moraines

The principle of components of the earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen and __.

Argon

Where would you find the intertropical convergence zone and what causes this area to exist?

Between 10 S and 10 N, caused by intense heating and equator

Name the three ways that a glacier erodes.

Bulldozing, abrasion, plucking

What era do we live in?

Cenozoic

Dissolving a rock in acid is the equivalent of __.

Chemical weathering

What are the two types of glaciers?

Continental glaciers and alpine glaciers

What is the picture demonstrating? (bent trees)

Creep

What type of cloud is pictured?

Cumulonimbus cloud

A decrease in the density of a column of air causes the barometric pressure to __.

Decrease

What forms when a stream/river flows into an ocean or lake?

Delta

When a stream flows into a body of water it often forms a __.

Delta

What type of drainage pattern is shown in this photo? (lake map cracks)

Dendritic drainage pattern

Describe how a land breeze forms.

During the night, the air over land is cooler and develops a high pressure in relation to the low over the water, air moves from H to L over water

Picking up small pieces of smashed rock is called __.

Erosion

The process of physically removing weathered materials.

Erosion

What condition means a balance between the number of water molecules moving to and from the liquid state?

Evaporation

Where does a meandering stream deposit most of its sediment?

On the inside of a meander

What feature is pictured and how does it form?

Oxbow lake when a stream meander is cut off

Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?

Oxidation

Name three examples of chemical weathering.

Oxidation, carbonation, and hydration

Name the four eras from first to most recent.

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Which of the following is a common way for fossils to form?

Preservation of an organism's shape, preservation of signs of activity, preservation of skeletal remains

Which of the following is not a common way for fossils to form?

Preservation of soft parts in amber.

Fault, folds, and igneous intrusions are always younger than the rocks they originally occur in. What principle is described above?

Principle of crosscutting relationships

What principle is erosion based on?

Principle of superposition

"the present is key to the past" Name the principle that this statement is referring.

Principle of uniformity

Which of the following materials is least susceptible to chemical weathering?

Quartz

What type of drainage pattern and where would you most likely find it?

Radial drainage pattern, on a dome of igneous rock, volcano, etc.

A likely source of loess is __.

Rock flour (from glaciers)

Ventifacts are __.

Rocks sculpted by wind abrasion

The second youngest fossil pictured below is in which layer of rock?

Second layer from top

What is the name of the device this man is using and what does it measure?

Sling psychrometer, relative humidity

Glaciers form when __.

Snow accumulates to form ice, which begins to flow.

The greenhouse effect results in warmer temperatures near the surface because __.

Some of the energy that would ordinarily escape is re-radiated toward the surface

A stream in its youth exhibits which of the following sets of characteristics?

Steep gradient and a V-shaped valley

The interaction between ultraviolet light and ozone takes place in the __.

Stratosphere

Which cloud type is associated with long periods of drizzle, rain, or snow?

Stratus

In still air at constant pressure, the rate of evaporation depends on the __.

Surface area of the liquid exposed to the atmosphere, air and water humidity, and relative humidity

The chief difference between fog and cloud is __.

The altitude of the tiny water droplets

Define dew point.

The temperature at which the relative humidity and the absolute humidity are the same.

Which sequence of processes occurs in the correct order?

Weathering, erosion, and transportation

The Rocky Mountains __.

Were uplifted about the time the dinosaurs died out.

What type of climate would have the most rapid chemical weathering?

Topical climate

Carrying rock fragments to a new location is called __.

Transportation

What layer of the atmosphere do we live in?

Troposphere

Weathering is the process that must occur before erosion can take place.

True

A time break in the rock record is an __.

Unconformity

What is the shape of the valley and what carved it?

V-shaped, carved by stream