Chapter 20 & 21 WH2

After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which:

The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, and the surplus population begins to starve.

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu ("_______", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance".

Tent government

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

Absentee landlordism

The Gunpowder empires, named for their reliance on cannons and small arms in their military campaigns, included all of the following except:

The Habsburgs

The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by which of the following:

The depiction of Muhammad's face on many of them, in spite of Islamic Prohibitions

The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genres, with _________ remaining the chief languages of literature in Islamic India.

Arabic and Persian

Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims:

as proof that he had actually become a non-believer.

By the time of Aurangzeb's death, the Marathas had set up their own administrative system, and were:

encouraging raids on Mughal caravans and pack trains

The huge commitment of Chinese troops against the forces of the Japanese leader Hideyoshi during his attempted invasion of ________ from 1592 to 1598 weakened the Ming dynasty and led to the rise of the Manchus.

Korea

The Mughals appointed members of the new _________ elite to positions in the provincial governments and state ministries.

Mansabdar

For the English, the acquisition of Bombay (Mumbai) from the _________ in the 1660s gave the British East India Company a superb harbor.

Portuguese

According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back.

Queue

Akbar's four principal ministries are:

the prime minister, the finance minister, the paymaster general, and the chief justice

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for:

Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection