Chapter 20 SB

The signs and symptoms of both forms of endocarditis include which of the following?

-Petechiae -Anemia -Fever -Chest/abdominal pain -Abnormal heartbeat

Complications of malaria do not include which of the following?

-Scarring skin lesions -Dehydration -Endotoxic shock

Identify the two main modes of transmission of HIV.

-Sexual contact -transfer of blood/blood products

Which of the following do NOT represent the typical signs and symptoms of sepsis?

-Subcutaneous hemorrhage -Stiff neck -High blood pressure -Body rash

Identify the people who are most at risk for contracting brucellosis?

-Those that work in livestock handling -Veterinarians -Those that work in slaughterhouses

Besides the skin lesion, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever can have serious effects on which two systems of the body?

-cardiovascular system -Central nervous system

What are the two variations of infectious endocarditis?

Acute Subacute

Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus ______

Aedes

The dengue fever and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by which vector?

Aedes mosquito

Most cases of malaria occur in the continent of

Africa

_________ is a gram-positive, endospore-forming aerobic rod that typically inhabits the soil and is the largest of all bacterial pathogens.

Bacillus anthracis

When fleas ingest a blood meal that contains Yersinia pestis, where does the microbe first multiply in the flea?

Gut

Viral infections characterized by fever and internal bleeding are known as which of the following?

Hemorrhagic fevers

___________ is the hallmark symptom of infectious mononucleosis.

Fatigue

Which describes, T. cruzi?

Flagellated protozoan

Which of the following is the causative agent of tularemia?

Francisella tularensis

Identify the area of the United States with the highest incidence of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

The Southeast and eastern seaboard

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named for which of the following?

The location where it was first detected

True or false: Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis appear about 25% of the time when the virus infects an individual during their adolescence.

True

Identify the causative agent of Chagas disease.

Trypanosoma cruzi

Which of the following is a zoonotic disease caused by a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium?

Tularemia

The _________ system includes the blood vessels, which carry blood to and from all regions of the body, and the heart which pumps the blood in a closed circuit.

cardiovascular

A complication of malaria in which small blood vessels in the brain become obstructed is known as which of the following?

cerebral malaria

_________ is the inner lining of the human heart.

endocardium

The causative agent of trench fever, Bartonella quintana, is carried by which vector?

lice

The presence of lymphocytes, phagocytes, antibodies, complement, and other components of the immune systems makes the cardiovascular system highly protected against _______ infection since they could spread systemically.

microbial/bacterial/viral

The initial symptoms of HIV infection resemble which of the following conditions?

mononucleosis

Acute endocarditis is most commonly transmitted via which of the following routes?

parenteral

The _________ is the fibrous covering of the human heart.

pericardium

The "Q" in Q Fever stands for?

query

Identify the virus that causes AIDS.

retrovirus

Those who have heart valve damage from ________ fever are at risk for subacute endocarditis.

rheumatic

A life-threatening infection resulting from septicemia due to cascading immune responses and resulting in decreased systemic blood pressure is called which of the following?

septic shock

A systemic infection in which microbes are actively multiplying and circulating in the blood is called which of the following?

septicemia

Which is another term for sepsis?

septicemia

A(n) __________ infection is an infection that invades many different organs throughout the body via the cardiovascular system.

systemic

An infection that involves the bloodstream is known as which of the following?

systemic

Humans usually acquire Q fever from which of the following?

-Airborne particles -Contaminated animal material

The skin lesions of Lyme disease are known as which of the following?

-Bull's-eye rash -Erythema migrans

Subacute endocarditis is usually preceded by which of the following?

-Congenital defects -Valve damage

What are the primary portals of entry of C. burnetii in humans?

-Conjunctiva -Broken skin -Gastrointestinal tract -Lungs

Which of the following are typical signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

-Enlarged spleen -Fatigue -Sore throat -High fever -Lymphadenopathy

The signs and symptoms of bubonic plague include which of the following?

-Fever and chills -Swollen, necrotic lymph nodes -Headache

Complications of malaria include which two of the following?

-Hemolytic anemia -Organ enlargement/rupture

Which of the following represent the typical signs and symptoms of sepsis?

-Increased breathing rate -Altered mental state -Gastrointestinal symptoms -Low blood pressure -Fever

Which of the following allow Borrelia burgdorferi to evade the mammalian immune system?

-It changes its surface antigens while in the mammalian host. -It changes its surface antigens while in the tick.

The blood is highly protected from infection due to which of the following?

-Leukocytes -Complement -Lymphocytes -Antibodies -Phagocytes

Brucellosis is also known by which of the following names?

-Malta fever -Undulant fever -Bang's disease

The walls of the heart include which three layers?

-Myocardium -Endocardium -Epicardium

Which of the following groups are at risk for infection with Coxiella burnetii?

-People who drink raw milk -Veterinarians

The early symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include which of the following?

-muscle pain -headache -fever -chills

The bull's-eye rash is found in what percentage of Lyme patients?

10%

The disease AIDS was first identified by physicians during which of the following periods?

1980s

Which is the typical incubation period for mononucleosis?

30-50 days

What percent of the world's population is threated by malaria annually?

40%

The principal mode of transmission of malaria is via the female ________ mosquito.

Anopheles

In cases of severe sepsis with respiratory symptoms, which disease should be considered?

Anthrax

Which is the causative agent of anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

How does Borrelia burgdorferi evade the immune system?

By switching surface antigens in different hosts

The function of which system is to carry blood to all regions of the body to provide oxygen and nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and waste?

Cardiovascular

_________ _________ is the causative agent of Q fever.

Coxiella burnetii

HIV is a retrovirus that belongs to the genus ________

Lentivirus

Identify the planet's dominant protozoan disease?

Malaria

Which disease is characterized by a high fever but without any hemorrhagic symptoms?

Nonhemorrhagic fever

Identify the population most at risk for brucellosis?

Persons with occupational hazards

People at highest risk for contracting which infection below are farm workers, meat cutters, veterinarians, and consumers of raw milk products?

Q fever

All the viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers can be described as which of the following?

RNA enveloped viruses

The group of RNA viruses that have the capacity to convert their genome into a double strand of DNA that can be inserted in to a host cell's genome are called which of the following?

Retroviruses

Which are the three possible types of plague infection?

Septicemic plague Pneumonic plague Bubonic plague

The current heroin epidemic is responsible for a dramatic increase in the incidence of acute endocarditis by which of the following?

Staphylococcus aureus

Q fever is primarily spread by which of the following to domestic and wild animals?

Ticks

Bartonella quintana causes which of the following, a highly variable disease once found in soldiers in battle, but now is found in poverty stricken areas.

Trench fever

This phase of the Chagas disease infection process is characterized by mild to severe fever, nausea, and fatigue as well as the appearance of a "chagoma" at the site of the insect bite.

acute

Infection with EBV at which stage of life will usually result in infectious mononucleosis?

adolescense

The initial symptoms of HIV infection are vague, virus levels are high and __________ levels are low.

antibody

Most cases of endocarditis are caused by which of the following?

bacteria

Which describes Rickettsia rickettsii?

bacteria

Which is the principal mode of transmission for malaria?

biological vector

The phase of the Chagas disease infection process is characterized by inflammation and disruption of the heart, brain, and intestinal tract.

chronic

Most cases of malaria occur in which geographical area?

equatorial regions

The dengue fever and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by which vector?

flea

Which organism is the primary vector for transmission of the plague?

flea

Both acute and subacute forms of endocarditis show signs and symptoms such as fever, anemia, abnormal heartbeat, and symptoms similar to a

heart attack

The primary mode of transmission for HIV in most areas of the world is which of the following?

heterosexual sex

Although they are the major vector for transmission in domestic and wild animals, _______ do not spread Q Fever to humans.

ticks

Most cases of endocarditis involve which parts of the heart?

valves