Chapter 20 Section 3 & 4

Although slavery had existed in Africa for centuries, it was a relatively minor institution. But with the spread of Islam into Africa, slavery and the slave trade increased. How many Africans between 650 and 1600 were transported to Muslim lands in Northern Africa and Southwest Asia?

17 million Africans were transported to Muslim lands.

How many slaves were in what became the United States by 1830?

2 million slaves

By 1870, how many Africans were brought to the Americas as a result of the Atlantic slave trade?

By 1870, Europeans had imported about 9.5 million Africans to the Americas.

What name is given to the global transfer of goods during the period of European colonization?

Columbian Exchange

What did these above people get in return for assisting in the slave trade?

They received gold, guns, and other goods.

What was the most significant contribution of African slaves in the Americas?

Their labor

List the four major results of the African slave trade for Africans.

1. Many cultures lost generations of their fittest members to traders and plantation owners 2. Families were torn apart 3. Guns were introduced to the African continent 4. Inability for Africa to maintain its leadership

In addition to goods and food that the Columbian Exchange brought to the Americas, disease was responsible for the death of how many?

Disease was responsible for the deaths of millions of Native Americans.

Briefly explain the process of trade in the triangular trade network.

Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa, where traders exchanged the goods for captured Africans. The Africans were transported across the Atlantic and sold in the West Indies. Merchants bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies and sailed to Europe with these products.

Which people assisted in the capturing of Africans for European slave merchants?

Many African rulers and merchants helped in the Atlantic slave trade.

Spain led the way in bringing Africans to the Americas with some 300,000 laboring on plantations and mines by 1650. However, Portugal surpassed this number by bringing Africans to Brazil's sugar plantations. What percentage of all Africans were brought to Brazil during the 1600s?

More than 40%

What percentage of slaves perished as a result of the journey called the middle passage?

Roughly 20% of the Africans aboard each slave ship died during the brutal trip.

Which European country became the leading carrier of African slaves between 1690 and 1807?

Until England abolished the slave trade in 1807, it was the leading carrier of enslaved Africans.