Chapter 21

Venous valves are responsible for A.preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. B.preventing anterograde flow. C.channeling blood away from the heart. D.regulating blood pressure in veins. E.channeling blood toward the heart.

channeling blood towards heart

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A.number of red blood cells. B.concentration of plasma sodium ions. C.concentration of plasma waste products. D.concentration of plasma glucose. E.concentration of plasma proteins.

concentration of plasma proteins

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

Resistance is a force that A.decreases blood flow. B.acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. C.increases blood flow. D.never changes in a blood vessel. E.is always higher than blood pressure.

decreases blood flow

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A. halved. B. four times greater. C. 1/4 as much. D. unchanged. E. doubled.

doubled

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A. arteriolar B. connective C. elastic D. vascular E. muscular

elastic

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A. equal to B. much lower than C. much higher than D. somewhat lower than E. somewhat higher than

equal to

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A. tunica media. B. internal elastic membrane. C. external elastic membrane. D. tunica intima. E. tunica externa.

external elastic membrane.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A.sinuses. B.discontinuous capillaries. C.fenestrated capillaries. D.vasa vasorum. E.perforated capillaries.

fenestrated capillaries

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has A.a higher blood pressure. B.a greater resistance to blood flow. C.less resistance to blood flow .D.the same amount of pressure as resistance. E.a greater blood flow.

greater resistance to blood flow

Compared to arteries, veins A.have thinner walls. B.have a pleated endothelium. C.have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. D.are more elastic. E.hold their shape better when cut.

have thinner walls

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure. A.hydrostatic; colloid osmotic B.systolic; diastolic C.blood; interstitial D.plasma; extracellular E.colloid osmotic; hydrostatic

hydrostatic, colloid osmotic

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries A. decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. B. decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase. C. is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. D. increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. E. increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease

In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the A. tunica intima. B. external elastic membrane. C. internal elastic membrane. D. tunica media. E. tunica externa.

internal elastic membrane.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by A.large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma. B.the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall. C.a greater salt concentration in blood cells. D.hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane. E.osmosis of water

large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma (albumin)

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A.aorta. B.pulmonary circuit. C.lungs. D.right atrium. E.left atrium.

left atrium

A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the A. kidneys. B. liver. C. skin. D. heart. E. lungs.

liver

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A.left atrium. B.systemic circuit. C.aorta. D.lungs. E.right atrium.

lungs

________ vessels conduct fluid from the interstitial space back to the venous system. A. Circulatory B. Tissue C. Lymphatic D. Capillary E. Interstitial

lymphatic

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the A.muscular arteries. B.hepatic portal vein. C.lymphatic system. D.venules. E.liver.

lymphatic system

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the tunica A. adventitia. B. intima. C. mater. D. media. E. externa.

media

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica A.interna. B.externa. C.adventitia. D.intima. E.media.

media

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered A) an arteriovenule. B) a large vein. C) a venule. D) a medium vein. E) a venous valve.

medium vein

In response to hemorrhage, there is A. All of the answers are correct. B. mobilization of the venous reserve. C. constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. D. peripheral vasodilation. E. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

mobilization of the venous reserve

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A.peripheral resistance. B.parasympathetic innervation. C.cardiac output. D.force of cardiac contraction. E.blood volume.

parasympathetic innervation.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A. heart rate. B. blood flow to the lungs. C. parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. D. sympathetic stimulation of the heart. E. cardiac output.

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A. precapillary sphincter. B. vasa vasorum. C. plexus. D. thoroughfare channel. E. venule.

precapillary sphincter.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure decreases

Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called A.diastolic points. B.palpation points. C.decompression points. D.pressure points. E.regulation points.

pressure points

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A. mean arterial B. critical closing C. circulatory D. blood E. pulse

pulse

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A.the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B.valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. C.muscular compression. D.pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. E.the respiratory pump.

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A.decreases; doubles B.reduces; increases C.reduces; reduces D.doubles; decreases E.increases; reduces

reduces, increases

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except A. decreased peripheral resistance. B. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). C. decreased levels of aldosterone. D. release of renin. E. decrease in blood volume.

release of renin

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A. experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. B. All of the answers are correct. C. releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). D. reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. E. experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure.

releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? A.Cardiac output is higher. B.Heart blood flow is higher. C.Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. D.Kidney blood flow is lower. E.Skin blood flow is lower.

skin blood flow is lower

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in A.skin. B.skeletal muscles. C.bone. D.cardiac muscle. E.the pituitary gland.

the pituitary gland

After the precapillary arteriole, blood enters a(n) A. capillary bed. B. venule. C. thoroughfare channel. D. precapillary sphincter. E. anastomosis.

thoroughfare channel.

The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as A. severe combined constriction. B. vasomotion. C. vasoconstriction. D. total peripheral resistance. E. systemic resistance.

total peripheral resistance

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except A.activation of ADH secretion. B.activation of aldosterone secretion. C.inhibition of EPO secretion. D.uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. E.increased thirst and water intake.

uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow? A. turbulence B. vascular resistance C. venous pressure D. viscosity of blood E. vessel length

vascular resistance

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? A. blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins B. blood pressure C. vascular resistance D. muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart E. peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

vascular resistance

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? A.muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart B.blood pressure C.blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins D.peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood E.vascular resistance

vascular resistance

The process of decrease in vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called A.vasoconstriction. B.vasopressin. C.vasodecrease. D.vasodilation. E.vasomotion.

vasoconstriction

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except A.irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. B.vasodilation. C.elevated hematocrit. D.elevated levels of epinephrine. E.increased sympathetic stimulation.

vasodilation

The opening and closing of the precapillary sphincter is called A. autoregulation. B. vasomotion. C. cycling. D. oscillating. E. vasoconstriction.

vasomotion

Blood pressure is lowest in the A.arteries. B.venules. C.capillaries. D.veins. E.arterioles

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A.capillaries. B.veins. C.arterioles. D.venules. E.arteries.

veins

Venules feed blood into

veins

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? A. arterioles B. arteries C. capillaries D. venules E. veins

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? A. pulmonary arteries B. systemic arterioles C. arteries D. veins E. capillaries

veins

The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the A.vessel residual. B.vessel mobilization. C.venous return. D.venous reserve. E.capacitance of veins.

venous reserve

The thoroughfare channel ends at the A. capillary. B. arteriole. C. venule. D. vein. E. artery.

venule

The thoroughfare channel ends at the A.artery. B.vein C.venule. D.capillary E.arteriole.

venule

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called A. venules. B. veins. C. arteries. D. capillaries. E. arterioles.

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A. large veins B. venules C. medium veins D. venous valves E. arteriovenules

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A.arteriovenules B.venules C.medium veins D.venous valves E.large veins

venules

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)? A. P = (F × R) × 4 B. F = P - R C. F = P/R D. F = P + R E. F = R/P

F=P/R

________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow. A. Portal systems B. Foramina C. Varicosities D. Sinusoids E. Perfusion centers

Sinusoids

Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? A. Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. B. Heart blood flow is higher. C. Cardiac output is higher. D. Skin blood flow is lower. E. Kidney blood flow is lower.

Skin blood flow is lower.

What are symptoms of edema

Skin looks puffy, pitted & tight. Most noticeable in the skin of the hands, feet, ankles & sacral area.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A. The net filtration pressure is usually zero. B. Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C. Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. D. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. E. The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely uni

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

What is edema

a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A. a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long B. a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long C. a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long D. a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

During exercise, A.venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B.both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. C.All of the answers are correct. D.vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. E.venous return increases.

all answers are correct

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A. high cholesterol B. obesity C. smoking D. All of the answers are correct. E. lack of exercise

all answers are correct

What is mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

average pressure in the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle

The term ________ refers to the pressure in the arterial side of the circulatory system. A.colloid osmotic pressure B.atrial pressure C.pulse pressure D.arterial pressure E.blood pressure

blood pressure

Arterioles feed blood into A. venules. B. arteriovenous anastomoses. C. arches. D. capillaries. E. thoroughfare channels.

capillaries

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A. arterioles. B. arteries. C. veins. D. capillaries. E. venules.

capillaries

These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. A.arteries B.veins C.capillaries D.arterioles E.venules

capillaries

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A. pulse pressure. B. diastolic pressure. C. peripheral pressure. D. venous pressure. E. capillary hydrostatic pressure.

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery? A. 0.2 mm B. 0.4 cm C. 0.4 mm D. 1.0 cm E. 1.5 cm

0.4 cm

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 5. medium veins 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4, 7, 2, 3 , 1, 5, 6,

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

50

Turbulent blood flow occurs A.when blood pressure is excessively low. B.when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. C.at low flow rates. D.within long and straight blood vessels. E.All of the answers are correct.

B. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall.

The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A.flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces B.All of the answers are correct. C.helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D.accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones E.assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries

all answers are correct

Turbulent blood flow occurs A.when blood pressure is excessively low. B.when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. C.at low flow rates. D.within long and straight blood vessels. E.All of the answers are correct.

all answers are correct

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, . All of the answers are correct. B. the carotid baroreceptors become less active. C. reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. D. venous return is decreased. E. heart rate is reflexively elevated.

all answers are correct

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A. All of the answers are correct. B. venous return is decreased. C. the carotid baroreceptors become less active. D. heart rate is reflexively elevated. E. reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.

all answers are correct

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation? A. Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients. B. Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen. C. All of the answers are correct. D. Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. E. Blood flow changes to match tissue responses.

all answers are correct

A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. A.stroke B.vascular edema C.atherosclerosis D.arteriosclerosis E.aneurysm

aneurysm

When renin is released from the kidney, A. blood pressure goes down. B. blood flow to the kidneys decreases. C. angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D. angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. E. angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A.pulse pressure. B.peripheral pressure. C.arterial pressure. D.arteriovenous pressure. E.capillary hydrostatic pressure.

arterial pressure

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

arteries

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A. capillary B. arteriole C. vein D. venule E. artery

arteriole

Relative to the lumen, which of the following vessels has the thickest tunica media? A.veins B.arterioles C.capillaries D.arteries E.venules

arterioles

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A.veins constrict. B.arterioles dilate. C.level of oxygen at the tissue increases. D.arterioles constrict. E.level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases.

arterioles dilate

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer. A. atherosclerosis B. arthritis C. arteriosclerosis D. stenosis E. multiple sclerosis

arteriosclerosis

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A.both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion. B.decreased blood volume. C.increased blood pressure. D.increased body stores of sodium ion. E.polycythemia

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A. increased blood hydrostatic pressure B. increased tissue hydrostatic pressure C. increased plasma albumen and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure D. decreased plasma albumen E. both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A. decreased plasma albumen B. increased plasma albumen and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure C. increased blood hydrostatic pressure D. both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure E. increased tissue hydrostatic pressure

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, A. heart rate decreases. B. both heart rate and stroke volume increase. C. the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure. D. heart rate increases. E. stroke volume increases.

both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, A.heart rate increases. B.heart rate decreases. C.stroke volume increases. D.both heart rate and stroke volume increase. E.the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure.

both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in A. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. B. increased heart rate. C. increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D. stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E. stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain.

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except A. increased blood concentration of glucose. B. stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. C. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. D. increased venous return. E. decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

increased blood concentration of glucose.

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except A.decreased peripheral resistance. B.increased hematocrit. C.increased vessel diameter. D.increased blood pressure. E.relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

increased hematocrit

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except A. increased levels of aldosterone. B. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). C. increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). D. increased levels of angiotensin II. E. increased blood volume.

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).