Chapter 21: Digestive System

What is cementum?

A part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament; covers the dentin in the root

The cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes are called

Acinar cells; Acinar cells in the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes in an inactive form. Duct cells secrete sodium bicarbonate. Pancreatic islets are endocrine cells that secrete insulin and glucagon. Parietal cells are located in gastric glands and secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Which of the following enzymes digest(s) carbohydrates?

Amylase, sucrase, and lactase; Amylase, sucrase, and lactase act on carbohydrates. Trypsin and chymotrypsin digest protein. Lipase digests fats. Peptidases digest peptides.

True or False: Digested fats are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

False

True or False: The most superior portion of the small intestine is called the ileum.

False; The ileum is the most inferior portion. The most superior portion is the duodenum.

What is enamel?

Hardest substance in the body, covers the crown of the tooth.

Which of the following does not produce digestive enzymes? : Salivary glands Stomach Liver Small intestine

Liver

What is considered to be the first step in the digestion process?

Mechanical digestion begins with chewing in the mouth and continues with contractions and churning in the stomach and small intestine. Chemical digestion, which includes the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas, is the second phase of digestion.

Most of the water you drink is absorbed in the...

The large intestine absorbs large amounts of water from the residue it receives before passing the resulting waste out of the body.

What is a major function of the large intestine?

The large intestine serves to pass waste from the body. It does not regulate the release of bile, absorb nutrients, or secrete digestive enzymes.

What is the main component of saliva?

The main component of saliva is water, although it also contains mucus, an enzyme that kills bacteria, antibacterial compounds, electrolytes and two digestive enzymes.

What is the primary function of the stomach?

The primary function of the stomach is to store food, although it also helps prepare food for digestion, most of which occurs in the intestines. The mouth breaks down food into smaller pieces and moistens it with saliva to create a bolus.

function of the large intestine

absorbs water from food undigested residue

The chemical responsible for chemically breaking down starch is known as...

amylase

The chemical responsible for aiding in the digestion & absorption of fat is known as ...

bile

What is pulp?

connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and nerves that fills a cavity inside the tooth

The bulk of a tooth consists of

dentin

function of the liver

filters toxins absorbed by the bloodstream & produces bile

Which of the following digestive system components are considered digestive accessory organs?

gallbladder, teeth, liver, tongue, pancreas, salivary glands

The chemical responsible for chemically breakdown down fats is known as

lipase

function of the small intestine

major site of nutrient absorption

Digestion begins with __________ digestion, in which food is physically broken down into smaller components and is completed with ________________ digestion in which enzymes break food down further into nutrients that cells can use.

mechanical, chemical

Trace the pathway of food through the digestive tract in order.

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

function of the esophagus

muscular tube that passes food from the throat to the stomach

The chemical responsible for chemically breaking down proteins are known as...

pepsin/protease

function of the pancreas

secretes digestives enzymes & alkaline fluid into the small intestine

Most of the process of digestion and the absorption of nutrients take place in the...

small intestine.

function of the gall bladder

stores & concentrates bile

function of the stomach

stores food & mixes it with acidic gastric juices