Chapter 21 Reading Review

The technical term for "breathing" is

pulmonary ventilation

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

upper respiratory tract.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "external intercostal"? a) affects lung compliance b) contraction increases airway resistance c) accessory muscle of inspiration d) accessory muscle of expiration e) primary muscle of inspiration

e) primary muscle of inspiration

The laryngeal cartilage composed of elastic cartilage that prevents entry of solids or liquids into the larynx when swallowing is the

epiglottis

The amount of air that a person can voluntarily expel after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle is termed

expiratory reserve volume.

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate.

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures.

hilum

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

internal respiration.

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

lobes of the lungs

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

Starting at the ________, the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium.

oropharynx

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

What membrane lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract? (Module 21.2B)

respiratory mucosa membrane

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

simple squamous epithelium.

b) It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.

thyroid

The visible and palpable prominence on the throat known as the Adam's apple is part of the

thyroid cartilage.

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

vestibule

Identify the primary inspiratory muscles. (Module 21.10A)

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

What does not happen to a carbon dioxide molecule once it enters the bloodstream?

It binds to heme groups in hemoglobin.

What physical changes affect the volume of the lungs? (Module 21.9B)

The movements of the diaphragm and rib cage affect the volume of the lungs.

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

Figure 21-1 What is the function of the structures labeled "12"? a) all of the answers are correct. b) cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway c) improve warming of incoming air d) create narrow passages e) help olfaction

a) all of the answers are correct.

Figure 21-1 Identify the structure labeled "2".term-20 a) choanae b) oropharynx c) olfactory organ d) nasal sinus e) nasopharynx

a) choanae

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except a) cooling the air b) all of the answers are correct c) humidifying the air d) filtering the air e) trapping airborne particles

a) cooling the air

During swallowing, all of the following occur except a) the uvula rises to block the oropharynx. b) the larynx is elevated. c) liquids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract. d) the epiglottis folds over the glottis. e) solids are prevented from entering the respiratory tract.

a) the uvula rises to block the oropharynx.

At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?

across the respiratory membrane

Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur? (Module 21.1A)

alveoli

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as

anatomic dead space.

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

apex.

Which of the following is false about the pharynx? a) The nasopharynx is superior. b) It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems. c) The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening. d) The oropharynx connects to oral cavity. e) Solids, liquids, and gases pass through.

b) It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.

Figure 21-1 Identify the structure Labeled "7" a) esophagus b) oropharynx c) glottis d) internal nares e) laryngopharynx

b) oropharynx

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

bound to hemoglobin.

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the a) pharynx b) nasal cavity c) lips d) nose e) paranasal sinuses

c) lips

The conchae

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

cricoid

The larynx contains all of the following except a). three paired cartilages. b). a total of nine cartilages. c). vestibular ligaments. three unpaired cartilages. d). C-rings composed of hyaline cartilage.

d). C-rings composed of hyaline cartilage.

In the lower respiratory tract, cartilage plates first appear at the a) primary bronchi b) tertiary bronchi c) terminal bronchioles d) secondary bronchi e) bronchioles

e) bronchioles

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following except the a) None of the answers is correct. b) cerebral cortex. c) hypothalamus. d) limbic system. e) pons.

e) pons.