Chapter 22: Assessing Peripheral Vascular System: Prep U Practice

A client diagnosed with intermittent claudication wonders why the nurse wants to know where the client is experiencing cramping when walking. What would be the nurse's best answer? "The area of cramping is close to the area of arterial occlusion." "The area of pain tells us what treatment will work best for you." "The area of cramping indicates whether you may have numbness and tingling also." "The area of pain can help us identify what risk factor is predominant."

"The area of cramping is close to the area of arterial occlusion."

Which nursing assessment questions are directed at identifying topics for health counseling for a client diagnosed with arterial disease? Select all that apply. "Have you had your cholesterol checked recently?" "Are you currently being treated for hypertension?" "How much of your day is spent sitting or standing?" "How many glasses of liquids do you usually drink each day?" "Do you smoke either cigarettes or cigars?"

-"Have you had your cholesterol checked recently?" -"Are you currently being treated for hypertension?" -"Do you smoke either cigarettes or cigars?"

Which of the following assessment findings is most congruent with chronic arterial insufficiency? a.Thickened and scarred skin on the client's ankle b.Cool foot temperature and ulceration on the client's great toe c.Ulceration on the medial surface of the client's ankle d.Brown pigmentation around a client's ankles and shins

.Cool foot temperature and ulceration on the client's great toe

Which reading of the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) should the nurse recognize as indicative of a normal healthy person? 0.25 0.75 1.00 0.15

1.00

Which of the following assessment findings is most congruent with chronic arterial insufficiency? a.Thickened and scarred skin on the client's ankle b.Cool foot temperature and ulceration on the client's great toe c.Brown pigmentation around a client's ankles and shins d.Ulceration on the medial surface of the client's ankle

b.Cool foot temperature and ulceration on the client's great toe

The physician is preparing to insert a radial arterial line. What test must be performed prior to insertion? Allen test Capillary refill Ankle brachial index Valve competency

Allen test

The diagnosis of superficial phlebitis increases the client's risk for which vascular disorder? a.compartment syndrome b.acute lymphangitis c.deep vein thrombosis d.acute cellulitis

c. deep vein thrombosis

Which of the following wounds is most likely attributable to neuropathy? A moderately painful wound on the lateral aspect of the client's ankle A painless wound on the sole of the client's foot, which is surrounded by calloused skin A painful wound in the client's shin, which is surrounded by apparently healthy skin A wound on a client's highly edematous ankle that is surrounded by pigmented skin

A painless wound on the sole of the client's foot, which is surrounded by calloused skin

The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated at the A. Ankle B.Greater Toe C.Knee D.Top of the foot

A.ankle

When doing a shift assessment on a newly admitted client, the nurse notes lack of hair on the right lower extremity; thickened nails on the right lower digits; dry, flaky skin on the right lower extremity; and diminished tibial pulses bilaterally and absent pedal pulses. What nursing diagnosis should be added to the plan of care? A.Risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction B.Pain related to decreased blood flow and altered tissue perfusion C.Activity intolerance related to pain and claudication with ambulation D.Altered tissue perfusion, arterial related to reduced blood flow

Altered tissue perfusion, arterial related to reduced blood flow explanation: Signs of altered tissue perfusion, arterial related to reduced blood flow include decreased oxygen, resulting in a failure to nourish tissues at the capillary level; reduced hair on the extremity; thick nails; dry skin; weak or absent pulses; pale skin; cool, reduced sensation; and prolonged capillary refill. The other options are distracters to the question.

A nurse cares for a client who is postoperative cholecystectomy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate to help prevent the occurrence of venous stasis? Massage lower extremities vigorously every 6 hours. Assist in active range-of-motion exercise of the upper body. Raise the foot of the bed for an hour and then lower it. Assist the client to walk as soon and as often as possible.

Assist the client to walk as soon and as often as possible. explanation: Immobility creates an environment in which clotting (embolism formation) can be caused by venous stasis. Active exercise such as having the client ambulate as soon as possible will stimulate circulation and venous return. This reduces the possibility of clot formation. Raising the foot of the bed, vigorous massage, and active range of motion of the upper body may not prevent venous stasis.

A nurse cares for a client who is postoperative cholecystectomy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate to help prevent the occurrence of venous stasis? Massage lower extremities vigorously every 6 hours. Assist the client to walk as soon and as often as possible. Raise the foot of the bed for an hour and then lower it. Assist in active range-of-motion exercise of the upper body.

Assist the client to walk as soon and as often as possible. explanation: Immobility creates an environment in which clotting (embolism formation) can be caused by venous stasis. Active exercise such as having the client ambulate as soon as possible will stimulate circulation and venous return. This reduces the possibility of clot formation. Raising the foot of the bed, vigorous massage, and active range of motion of the upper body may not prevent venous stasis.

A 68-year-old retired truck driver comes to the office for evaluation of swelling in his legs. He is a smoker and has been taking medications to control his hypertension for the past 25 years. The nurse is concerned about the client's risk for peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following tests is appropriate to order to initially evaluate for this condition? a.CT scan of the lower legs b.Ankle-brachial index (ABI) c.Venogram d.PET scan

B. ABI

The nurse is caring for a client with venous ulcers on both legs. The client is complaining of pain. What is the nurse's best action? Elevate the legs on pillows. Assess for diminished pulses. Lower the legs below heart level. Observe for gangrene areas.

Elevate the legs on pillows. Explanation: Common complaints of venous ulcer pain include: aching pain and feeling of heaviness which is relieved with elevation of the legs. Relief for arterial ulcer pain is achieved by dependently positioning the legs below the heart. Gangrene and decreased pulses more commonly occur with arterial ulcers; assessing for these symptoms doesn't address the client's pain

Which of the following is an essential topic when discussing risk factors for peripheral arterial disease with a client? Significance of cardiac dysrhythmias Exercise tolerance Extent of tobacco use and exposure Prevention of varicose veins

Extent of tobacco use and exposure explanation: Tobacco use is one of the most significant risk factors for PAD and would supersede exercise tolerance, prevention of varicose veins, or dysrhythmias.

A nurse receives an order to perform a compression test to assess the competence of the valves in a client's varicose veins. Which action by the nurse demonstrates the correct way to perform this test? A. Place the second hand 3 to 4 inches above the first hand B.Feel for a pulsation to the fingers in the lower hand C.Firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose vein D.Ask the client to sit on a chair for the examination

Firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose vein explanation: The nurse should firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose vein with one hand. The nurse should ask the client to stand, not sit, on a chair for the examination. The second hand should be placed 6 to 8 inches, not 3 to 4 inches, above the first hand. The nurse should feel for a pulsation to the fingers in the upper hand.

The nurse notes that a client's lower left leg swelling is alleviated when the extremity is elevated. Which stage of lymphedema is this client experiencing? I 0 III II

I In stage I of lymphedema, the swelling is present and will pit with pressure. Elevation relieves the swelling and the skin texture is smooth. In stage 0 there is no obvious sign or symptom of impaired lymph drainage. In stage II, the skin tissue is firmer. The skin may look tight, shiny, and the tissue may have a spongy feel. Elevation does not completely alleviate the swelling. In stage III, lymphedema has progressed to the lymphostatic elephantiasis stage. The limb is very large, and the client is at risk for cellulitis, infections, or ulcerations.

A 57-year-old maintenance worker comes to the office for evaluation of pain in his legs. He is a two-pack per day smoker since the age of 16, but he is otherwise healthy. The nurse is concerned that the client may have peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following is a common symptom that could indicate peripheral arterial disease? a.Shortness of breath b.Knee pain c.Intermittent claudication d.Chest pressure with exertion

Intermittent claudication explanation:Intermittent claudication is leg pain that occurs with walking and is relieved by rest. It is a key symptom of peripheral arterial disease. This symptom is present in only about one third of clients with significant arterial disease and, if found, calls for more aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors. Screening with ankle-brachial index can help detect this problem.

If palpable, superficial inguinal nodes are expected to be: a.Fixed, nontender, and 1.5 cm in diameter b.Nontender, mobile, and 1 cm in diameter c.Discrete, tender, and 2 cm in diameter d.Fixed, tender, and at 2.5 cm in diameter

Nontender, mobile, and 1 cm in diameterExplanation: Healthy lymph nodes are nontender and mobile. Inguinal lymph nodes can be 1 to 2 cm in diameter.

When assessing the extremities of a client reporting leg cramping, the nurse notes muscle atrophy. What does the nurse suspect is the cause? Venous insufficiency Arterial aneurysm Chronic lymphedema Peripheral arterial disease

PAD (peripheral artery disease) Peripheral arterial disease can present with cramping and may result in muscle atrophy. Hypertrophy may result from activity in which the client uses one arm more than the other, such as tennis. Muscle atrophy is not caused by chronic lymphedema, venous insufficiency, or arterial aneurysm.

A nurse palpates a weak left radial artery on a client. What should the nurse do next? Palpate the left ulnar artery. Assess the left hand for pallor and coolness. Palpate both radial arteries for symmetry. Document the finding in the client's record.

Palpate both radial arteries for symmetry.

While performing a routine check-up on an 81-year-old retired grain farmer in the vascular surgery clinic, the nurse notes that he has a history of chronic arterial insufficiency. Which of the following physical examination findings of the lower extremities would be expected with this disease? Normal temperature Thin, shiny, atrophic skin Normal pulsation Marked edema

Thin, shiny, atrophic skin

On inspection of a client's legs, the nurse has found varicose veins. Which test should the nurse next perform to determine the competence of the saphenous vein valves? Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) Allen test Trendelenburg test Position change test

Trendelenburg Test If the client has varicose veins, perform the Trendelenburg test to determine the competence of the saphenous vein valves and the retrograde (backward) filling of the superficial veins. The ABPI is considered an accurate objective assessment for determining the degree of peripheral arterial disease. The position change test is done to further assess for arterial insufficiency in the legs following the determination of weak pulses. The Allen test evaluates patency of the radial or ulnar arteries. It is implemented when patency is questionable or before such procedures as a radial artery puncture.

When you enter the room of a hospitalized client, you note that the client is guarding her left leg, which is swollen and reddened. You should identify the signs and symptoms of what complication of hospitalization? Fluid imbalance Sepsis Venous thromboembolism Decreased mobility

Venous thromboembolism explanation: Edema, pain or achiness, erythema, and warmth in the leg are common signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism.

A nurse receives an order to perform a compression test to assess the competence of the valves in a client's varicose veins. Which action by the nurse demonstrates the correct way to perform this test? a.Feel for a pulsation to the fingers in the lower hand b.Firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose vein c.Ask the client to sit on a chair for the examination d.Place the second hand 3 to 4 inches above the first hand

b. firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose vein

A nurse cares for a client who is postoperative cholecystectomy. Which action by the nurse is appropriate to help prevent the occurrence of venous stasis? a.Assist the client to walk as soon and as often as possible. b.Assist in active range-of-motion exercise of the upper body. c.Massage lower extremities vigorously every 6 hours. d.Raise the foot of the bed for an hour and then lower it.

a. assist the client to walk as soon as often as possible explanation: Immobility creates an environment in which clotting (embolism formation) can be caused by venous stasis. Active exercise such as having the client ambulate as soon as possible will stimulate circulation and venous return. This reduces the possibility of clot formation. Raising the foot of the bed, vigorous massage, and active range of motion of the upper body may not prevent venous stasis.

The RN caring for a newly admitted client after central-line placement should complete which priority assessment? a.Auscultate lung sounds bilaterally b.Capillary refill of extremities c.Reconcile all home medications d.Signs of infection at insertion site

a. auscultate lung sounds bilaterally

The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client diagnosed with a lymphatic disorder. What is one of the main teaching points the nurse should include? a.To avoid sitting for long periods b.Signs and symptoms of DVT c.To walk at least 2 miles/day d.How to apply a nonelastic hose

a. to avoid sitting for long period explanation: Patients with lymphatic disorders have several issues that you must address. As with venous disease, edema in the extremities is the primary symptom of lymphedema. Suggest that the client avoid sitting or standing for long periods.

The physician is preparing to insert a radial arterial line. What test must be performed prior to insertion? a.Allen test b.Capillary refill c.Ankle brachial index d.Valve competency

a.allen test

The diagnosis of superficial phlebitis increases the client's risk for which vascular disorder? a.deep vein thrombosis b.acute cellulitis c.acute lymphangitis d.compartment syndrome

a.deep vein thrombosis explanation: Superficial phlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein that can lead to deep vein thrombosis. Compartment syndrome is a result of pressure building from trauma or bleeding into one of the four major muscle compartments between the knee and ankle. Acute lymphangitis is a bacterial infection from Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus, spreading up the lymphatic channels from a distal portal of entry. Acute cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

A client has a brownish discoloration of the skin of both lower legs. What should the nurse suspect is occurring with this client? a.venous insufficiency b.arterial insufficiency c.atherosclerosis d.deep vein thrombosis

a.venous insufficiency explanantion:Brownish discoloration just above the malleolus suggests chronic venous insufficiency. There are no specific skin changes associated with atherosclerosis. The lower extremities in the dependent position would be pale in color in arterial insufficiency. The extremity would be warm and edematous with a deep vein thrombosis.

What is a long-term complication of peripheral vascular disease? Diabetes mellitus Amputation Thickened skin Metabolic changes

amputation

The popliteal artery can be palpated at the ankle. knee. great toe. inguinal ligament.

knee

The client complains of pain and numbness in his left lower leg. The nurse identifies on assessment that the left leg is cool and gray in color. The nurse suspects what? Venous thromboembolism Deep vein thrombosis Pulmonary embolism Arterial occlusion

arterial occlusion Symptoms of a complete arterial occlusion includes pain, numbness, coolness, or color change of an extremity and is an emergency. A deep vein thrombosis is characterized by pain, edema and warmth of the extremity. Pulmonary embolism symptoms include acute dyspnea, chest pain, diaphoresis and anxiety. Venous thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot travels from the legs to the lungs.

The client complains of pain and numbness in his left lower leg. The nurse identifies on assessment that the left leg is cool and gray in color. The nurse suspects what?

arterial occlusion Symptoms of a complete arterial occlusion includes pain, numbness, coolness, or color change of an extremity and is an emergency. A deep vein thrombosis is characterized by pain, edema and warmth of the extremity. Pulmonary embolism symptoms include acute dyspnea, chest pain, diaphoresis and anxiety. Venous thromboembolism occurs when a blood clot travels from the legs to the lungs.

A client presents to the health care clinic with reports of swelling, pain, and coolness of the lower extremities. The nurse should recognize that which of these lifestyle practices are risk factors for peripheral vascular disease? Select all that apply. a.Stress-reduction techniques b.Previous use of hormones c.Regular exercise d.Low alcohol intake e.High-fat diet f.Cigarette smoking

b.previous use of hormones e.high fad diet f.cigarette smoking The risk factors for the development of peripheral vascular disease include smoking, lack of exercise, high stress, moderate to high alcohol intake, previous use of hormonal birth control (females), and a high-fat diet.

A client has been diagnosed with venous insufficiency. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect on interviewing this client? a.Clammy skin on the extremities b.Warm skin and brown pigmentation around the ankles c.Cold, pale skin on the extremities d.Shiny skin, with loss of hair over the lower legs

b.warm skin and brown pigmentation around the ankles Warm skin and brown pigmentation around the ankles are associated with venous insufficiency. Cold, pale, clammy skin on the extremities and thin, shiny skin with loss of hair, especially over the lower legs, are associated with arterial insufficiency.

When assessing temperature of the skin, which portion of the hand should the examiner use? Backs of fingers Palms Fingertips Ulnar aspect of the hand

backs of fingers

Which pulse is located at approximately the inner third of the antecubital fossa when the palm is held upward? Ulnar Brachial Radial Epitrochlear

brachial

The major artery that supplies blood to the arm is the brachial artery. radial artery. ulnar artery. posterior artery.

brachial artery

After palpating the radial pulse of an adult client, the nurse suspects arterial insufficiency. The nurse should next assess the client's tibial pulse. brachial pulse. femoral pulse. popliteal pulse.

brachial pulse explanation: You can also palpate the brachial pulses if you suspect arterial insufficiency. Do this by placing the first three fingertips of each hand at the client's right and left medial antecubital creases. Alternatively, palpate the brachial pulse in the groove between the biceps and triceps.

A nurse assesses capillary refill time in a client and finds it to be less than 2 seconds. What is an appropriate action by the nurse? a.Dangle the arms and recheck in 5 minutes. b.Apply a warm compress to both hands. c.Document the finding as normal. d.Obtain a blood pressure in both arms.

c. document the finding as normal explanation: normal capillary refill is 1 to 2 seconds

When assessing the extremities of a client reporting leg cramping, the nurse notes muscle atrophy. What does the nurse suspect is the cause? a.Venous insufficiency b.Chronic lymphedema c.Peripheral arterial disease d.Arterial aneurysm

c.peripheral arterial disease explanation: Peripheral arterial disease can present with cramping and may result in muscle atrophy. Hypertrophy may result from activity in which the client uses one arm more than the other, such as tennis. Muscle atrophy is not caused by chronic lymphedema, venous insufficiency, or arterial aneurysm.

The nurse is assessing a client's lymphatic system. For which enlarged node should the nurse suspect that the client has a blockage within the right lymphatic duct? a.lumbar node b.superficial inguinal node c.right cervical node d.superficial popliteal node

c.right cervical node The right cervical node drains into the right lymphatic duct. The lumbar, superficial inguinal, and superficial popliteal nodes drain into the thoracic duct.

The client is experiencing septic shock. What assessment finding would the nurse expect to find? Capillary refill greater than 2 seconds Normal temperature Warm extremities Blood pressure 128/76

capillary refill greater than 2 seconds

A nurse observes a decrease in hair on the lower extremities of an elderly client. What is an appropriate action by the nurse in regards to this finding? a.Document this as a normal process of aging. b.Check for ulcers on the medial aspect of the ankles. c.Ask the client about the presence of edema in the feet. d.Elevate the legs and observe for the onset of pallor.

d.Elevate the legs and observe for the onset of pallor. explanation: Loss of hair can be a normal finding in the elderly client, but the nurse should perform further assessment before making this judgment. Loss of hair is seen with arterial insufficiency. Ulcers on the medial aspect of the ankle are a sign of venous stasis as is the presence of edema. Pallor, or loss of color, is seen in arterial insufficiency, especially when the legs are elevated.

During an assessment, the nurse first performs the action shown. After that the nurse asks the client to sit up with their legs dangling from the edge of the table. What is the nurse assessing? a.Intermittent claudication b.Femoral pulse c.Lymphedema d.Arterial insufficiency

d.arterial insufficiency explanation: The color change test is to check for arterial insufficiency. With the client supine, the legs are elevated about 30 cm (12 in.) above the level of the heart. Then when have the client sit up and dangle the legs. Color should return to the feet and toes within 10 seconds. The superficial veins of the feet fill within 15 seconds. Return of color taking longer than 10 seconds or persistent dependent rubor indicates arterial insufficiency. This is not a technique to assess lymphedema, the femoral pulse, or intermittent claudication.

The nurse is caring for a client with venous ulcers on both legs. The client is complaining of pain. What is the nurse's best action? Observe for gangrene areas. Lower the legs below heart level. Elevate the legs on pillows. Assess for diminished pulses.

elevate the legs on pillows

A client presents with lymphedema in one arm, with nonpitting edema. Which of the following should the nurse assess for, based on this finding? a.Presence of deep vein thrombosis b.History of Raynaud's disorder c.Presence of peripheral artery disease d.History of breast surgery

history of breast surgery Lymphedema results from blocked lymphatic circulation, which may be caused by breast surgery. It usually affects one extremity, causing induration and nonpitting edema. Raynaud's disorder is a vascular disorder caused by vasoconstriction or vasospasm of the fingers or toes and is typically bilateral. Peripheral artery disease involves reduced blood flow to the limbs and is characterized primarily by intermittent claudication, not by edema. Deep vein thrombosis is caused by obstruction of the veins and is not associated with lymphedema.

A client presents to the health care clinic with a 3-week history of pain and swelling of the right foot. A nurse inspects the foot and observes swelling and a large ulcer on the heel. The client reports the right heel is very painful and he has trouble walking. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse confirm from these data? Risk for Skin Breakdown Imbalanced Nutrition Impaired Skin Integrity Fear of Loss of Extremity

impaired skin integrity

A 57-year-old maintenance worker comes to the office for evaluation of pain in his legs. He is a two-pack per day smoker since the age of 16, but he is otherwise healthy. The nurse is concerned that the client may have peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following is a common symptom that could indicate peripheral arterial disease? Intermittent claudication Chest pressure with exertion Shortness of breath Knee pain

intermittent claudication Intermittent claudication is leg pain that occurs with walking and is relieved by rest. It is a key symptom of peripheral arterial disease. This symptom is present in only about one third of clients with significant arterial disease and, if found, calls for more aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors. Screening with ankle-brachial index can help detect this problem.

What teaching should be included to a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease? Select all that apply. Low fat diet Stop smoking Weight management Increased activity Increased fluid intake

low fad diet stop smoking weight management increased activity

While assessing the inguinal lymph nodes in an older adult client, the nurse detects that the lymph nodes are approximately 3 cm in diameter, nontender, and fixed. The nurse should refer the client to a physician because these findings are generally associated with localized infection. arterial insufficiency. systemic infection. malignancy.

malignancy Lymph nodes larger than 2 cm with or without tenderness (lymphadenopathy) may be from a local infection or generalized lymphadenopathy. Fixed nodes may indicate malignancy.

A hospitalized post-operative client exhibits edema, pain, erythema, and warmth in the right calf area. What is the nurse's best action? a.Assist the client to turn, cough, and deep breathe. b.Encourage early ambulation. c.Notify the healthcare provider. d.Discontinue the indwelling urinary catheter

notify the healthcare provider explanation: The client is exhibiting signs of venous thromboembolism. The healthcare provider should be notified immediately to prevent further complications. This condition is a national client safety concern for hospitalized clients. Early ambulation could dislodge a possible clot. Prevention of pneumonia is encouraged by turning, coughing, and deep breathing. Signs of a urinary tract infection include pain, increased white blood cells, and fever.

A client complains of pain in the calves, thighs, and buttocks whenever he climbs more than a flight of stairs. This pain, however, is quickly relieved as soon as he sits down and rests. The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions in this client? a.Venous disease b.Peripheral arterial disease c.Advanced chronic arterial occlusive disease d.Neuropathy secondary to diabetes

peripheral arterial disease explanation: Intermittent claudication is characterized by weakness, cramping, aching, fatigue, or frank pain located in the calves, thighs, or buttocks but rarely in the feet with activity. These symptoms are quickly relieved by rest but reproducible with same degree of exercise and may indicate peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Leg pain that awakens a client from sleep is often associated with advanced chronic arterial occlusive disease. A lack of pain sensation may signal neuropathy in such disorders as diabetes. Heaviness and an aching sensation aggravated by standing or sitting for long periods of time and relieved by rest are associated with venous disease.

When assessing the extremities of a client reporting leg cramping, the nurse notes muscle atrophy. What does the nurse suspect is the cause? a.Peripheral arterial disease b.Chronic lymphedema c.Arterial aneurysm d.Venous insufficiency

peripheral artery disease

What pulse is located in the groove between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon? A.Femoral B.Dorsalis pedis C.Posterior tibial D.Popliteal

posterior tibial The posterior tibial pulse is located in the groove between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon. The femoral pulse is about halfway between the symphysis pubis and the anterior iliac spine, just below the inguinal ligament. The popliteal pulse is often difficult to locate. It may be felt immediately lateral to the medial tendon. A light touch is important to avoid obliterating the dorsalis pedis pulse. It is normally about halfway up the foot immediately lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe.

The nurse notes that a client has a painful ulcerative lesion near the medial malleolus with accompanying hyperpigmentation. Which of the following etiologies is most likely? Arterial insufficiency Trauma Neuropathic ulcer Venous insufficiency

venous insufficiency

The nurse is providing care for a 61-year-old female smoker who is 30 kg overweight and was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years prior. Which of the following teaching points regarding the prevention of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is most accurate? I'll show you how to check your pulses at your groin, knees and feet to monitor your risk of PAD. It's critical that you come to get screening tests twice annually. Quitting smoking and keeping good control of your blood sugar levels are important. If you develop swelling in your ankles or feet, then you should seek emergency care.

quitting smoking and keeping good control of your blood levels are important

Goals, although not specific for peripheral vascular disease, focus on areas of risk. What are these areas of modifiable risk? Select all that apply. Smoking Ethnicity Lack of exercise Overweight Family history

smoking, lack of exercise, overweight

The radial pulse is palpated over the lateral flexor surface. False True

true

Which of the following veins drain into the superior vena cava? (Mark all that apply.) Head Lower extremities Upper extremities Lower torso Upper torso

upper torso head upper extremities explanation: The veins of the upper extremities, upper torso, head, and neck drain into the superior vena cava and then the right atrium. The lower extremities and lower torso drain into the inferior vena cava.

Upon assessment, the nurse finds the left calf to be red and warm. The client states it only "aches". The nurse would suspect what? Neuropathy Arterial occlusion Venous thromboembolism Venous obstruction

venous thromboembolism explanation:Edema, pain or achiness, erythema, and warmth in the leg are common signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism. Arterial occlusion is characterized by pain with exercise. Neuropathy is characterized by no pain. Symptoms of a venous occlusion would include edema.