Chapter 22 Mastering

Which number(s) represent(s) (a) fetal shunt(s) that reduce(s) the blood flowing to the collapsed lungs of the fetus during development?

1 and 4

When Jan traces the aorta from the heart into the groin area, she finds that it is given multiple names. Why is this?

It allows for accurate descriptions of the location of the vessel at any given point.

The three branches off of the aortic arch are the

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian.

Part D - Structural Differences between Arteries and Veins

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Art-labeling Activity: Major veins of the head, inferior view

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Part B Typically blood is drawn from the __________vein, a vessel found in the anterior elbow.Part B

median cubital

What is the function of the valves within the veins?

to prevent the backflow of blood away from the heart

The valve found between the right atria and right ventricle is the

tricuspid.

When Gertie, a 75-year-old woman, visits her cardiologist, which of the following statements is she NOT likely to hear?

"My dear, you've got a greater risk now for developing blood clots in your legs, which could break loose and cause a stroke in your brain."

Which number represents the layer of the blood vessel wall that contains mostly smooth muscle?

2 - The tunica media contains mostly smooth muscle.

Which number represents the blood vessel most capable of absorbing high blood pressure?

7 (The elastic artery is able to stretch as blood pressure rises because of the abundance of elastic tissue in the tunica media. Number 9 represents a muscular artery. Though this does have a great percentage of smooth muscle cells, it functions more to control the amount of blood flow to an area than to handle high blood pressures. The elastic artery, with its abundance of elastic tissue, is most capable of stretching under the force of blood pressure.)

Which of the following correctly lists blood flow from the heart to the leg?

Abdominal aorta, right external iliac, and popliteal

Part D The saphenous vein

All of the listed responses are correct.

Part B The cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis, is formed by which of the following arteries?

Anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral

Part B - Histology of Arteries and Veins Which of the following is a correct comparison between the walls of arteries and veins?

Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic fibers than veins have.

Which of the following statements about capillaries is FALSE?

Both fenestrated capillaries and sinusoids lack the outer basal lamina of the capillary wall.

Part C Which of the following vessels drain directly into the superior vena cava?

Brachiocephalic veins

Part C - Contrasting Continuous and Fenestrated Capillaries

Continuous capillaries have tight junctions binding cells together within a complete endothelial lining, and fenestrated capillaries are windowed, resulting in an incomplete endothelial lining.

Part C Which of the following vessels does not supply blood to the large intestine?

Intestinal arteries

Part B Which of the following veins combine to form the hepatic portal vein?

Splenic and superior mesenteric

Part A Which of the following arteries are the three branches of the celiac trunk?

Splenic, common hepatic, and the left gastric

Part A Which of the following vessels join to form the basilar artery?

The vertebral arteries

Which of the following correctly summarizes the histological organization of blood vessels' walls?

The wall is composed of an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue, a middle layer with sheets of smooth muscle and an elastic framework, and a thin, smooth epithelial inner layer bound to areolar tissue.

The renal, superior mesenteric, and gonadal arteries are all branches that diverge from the __________.

abdominal aorta

When Abby is flexing her knee during a volleyball game, there are times when some of the capillaries in the knee joint become compressed and block the flow of blood to that area. What structures does she have in the joint area that ensure a steady supply of blood to that region?

arteriovenous anastomoses

Part A The hepatic portal vein

brings nutrient rich blood to the liver. (The hepatic portal vein brings nutrient rich blood to the liver. Remember that the hepatic portal vein goes directly to the liver. PG 602)

Part B The stomach receives blood from the

common hepatic artery.

The pulmonary circuit __________.

contains less than 10 percent of the total blood volume at any given time

When an infant draws its first breath, the separation of the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit occurs through the closing of the __________.

ductus arteriosus

In comparison to a full-term baby that has not yet been born, a newborn __________.

has greater rhythmic pressure changes in the lungs

In comparison to arteries, veins __________.

have smoother endothelia

Blood vessels are usually found in matching left and right sides EXCEPT near the __________.

heart

Art-labeling Activity: Circulation pathways in a full-term fetus

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Oxygenated blood supplies the brain through the __________.

internal carotid artery

The pulmonary veins carry __________.

oxygenated blood to the heart

Part C All of the following are branches off the basilar artery except the

posterior inferior cerebellar.

Part A The lateral vessel in the forearm is the _____ artery and the lateral vessel in the leg is the ____ artery.

radial; fibular

The hepatic portal vein __________.

receives blood from the digestive organs

Suppose an entire cell needed to be removed from circulation. Which type of capillary allows the passage of the largest structures through its wall?

sinusoid

Collagen fibers in the tunica adventitia __________.

strengthen the blood vessel wall to help prevent it from being damaged

Part C Blood coming from the small intestines travels in the

superior mesenteric vein. (Blood leaves the small intestines in intestinal veins which enter the superior mesenteric vein.)

Moving from the aorta to the capillaries, __________.

the diameter of the vessels decreases, whereas the number of vessels increases

Looking at this figure of the heart, it is evident that

the left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers. (Remember that the pulmonary trunk divides into two pulmonary arteries.)

Most of the blood in the body at any given moment is found in the __________.

venules and medium-sized veins

Part A Which of the following is not a vein found in the arm?

Radial (The radial vein is found in the forearm. Remember that the basilic vein is found in the arm.)