chapter 22 The battle for national reform

12. The first director of the National Forest Service was A. Gifford Pinchot. B. William Howard Taft. C. John Muir. D. Richard Ballinger.

A. Gifford Pinchot.

8. All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT A. Interstate Commerce Act B. Pure Food and Drug Act C. Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act D. National Reclamation Act

A. Interstate Commerce Act

37. The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating A. child labor. B. industrial safety. C. tenant agriculture. D. the garment industry.

A. child labor.

32. The Federal Reserve Act A. created a new type of paper currency. B. helped to reduce loans to private banks. C. was designed to push troubled banks out of business. D. was regulated by a board whose members were elected by Congress.

A. created a new type of paper currency.

7. In the election of 1904, Theodore Roosevelt A. easily won his party nomination and the general election. B. endured a bitter fight to win his party's nomination. C. faced a progressive reformer as his Democratic challenger. D. narrowly defeated William Jennings Bryan.

A. easily won his party nomination and the general election.

21. In 1910, in Osawatomie, Kansas, Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for A. greater activism by the federal government. B. limiting the authority of President William H. Taft. C. and end to legal racial discrimination. D. equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs.

A. greater activism by the federal government.

27. As president, Woodrow Wilson A. more tightly controlled his executive power than had Theodore Roosevelt. B. preferred to delegate the details of policy-making to others. C. had no close advisers. D. looked to congressional Democrats to provide national leadership.

A. more tightly controlled his executive power than had Theodore Roosevelt.

50. In his dealings with Pancho Villa, President Woodrow Wilson A. ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa. B. saw American troops capture Villa and bring him to the United States. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

A. ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa.

30. In 1913, as a result of the Sixteenth Amendment, Congress A. passed a graduated income tax. B. decided to inflate the currency. C. increased business regulatory fees. D. raised excise taxes.

A. passed a graduated income tax.

44. Prior to the United States' construction of the Panama Canal, A. the French had failed to build a canal at the same site. B. the United States had failed to build a canal across Nicaragua. C. the British had failed to build a canal across Costa Rica. D. no country had attempted to build a canal connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific.

A. the French had failed to build a canal at the same site.

22. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran for president, in part, because A. the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president. B. he was concerned that Robert La Follette was likely to win if he did oppose him. C. President William H. Taft announced he would not seek reelection. D. many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party.

A. the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

1. The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution dealt with A. the electoral college. B. woman suffrage. C. the direct election of senators. D. personal income tax.

A. the electoral college.

17. In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him. B. narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan. C. was opposed by progressives and conservatives. D. had a public image very much like Theodore Roosevelt.

A. was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him.

41. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 A. relations between Japan and the Roosevelt administration steadily improved. B. President Theodore Roosevelt agreed to mediate an end to the conflict. C. the Japanese military presence in the Pacific declined. D. the Russian government collapsed.

B. President Theodore Roosevelt agreed to mediate an end to the conflict.

20. In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw A. President William H. Taft fire Ballinger due a conflict of interest. B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination. C. conservative Republicans turn against President Taft. D. progressives come to oppose Pinchot.

B. President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination.

14. Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE? A. Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park. B. Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy. C. In 1908, by a wide margin, San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy. D. John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

B. Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

46. "Dollar Diplomacy" is to be associated primarily with the administration of A. William McKinley. B. William Howard Taft. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. Woodrow Wilson.

B. William Howard Taft.

11. As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt A. opposed hunting on all federal lands. B. added extensive areas of land to the national forest system. C. opposed new dam construction on major rivers. D. all of the above

B. added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

3. In regards to his political ideology, Theodore Roosevelt was A. a strong isolationist. B. in many respects, decidedly conservative. C. a champion of a government-controlled economy. D. an opponent of environmental preservation.

B. in many respects, decidedly conservative.

26. In his political program known as "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts A. needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government. B. should be ended altogether. C. should exist only if they benefited the middle-class. D. had the right to be expanded.

B. should be ended altogether.

28. During President Woodrow Wilson's first term, Colonel Edward House A. was Secretary of State. B. was one of Wilson's closest advisors. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

B. was one of Wilson's closest advisors.

4. When he assumed the presidency in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt A. had no previous political experience. B. was the youngest American ever to hold that office. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

B. was the youngest American ever to hold that office.

13. The Sierra Club was founded by A. Gifford Pinchot. B. Theodore Roosevelt. C. John Muir. D. Richard Ballinger.

C. John Muir.

45. In order to secure control of the Panama Canal zone, the United States A. carried out the overthrow of the president of Panama. B. organized a trade embargo against Colombia. C. assisted a revolution in Panama. D. purchased the land for the canal from Colombia.

C. assisted a revolution in Panama.

36. After the elections of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. held steady to his existing course of action. B. moved away from progressivism. C. began another round of progressive legislation. D. encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe.

C. began another round of progressive legislation.

34. By the fall of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. decided to expand his progressive reform efforts. B. concluded he could not achieve meaningful reform of the economy. C. believed his reform program had largely been accomplished. D. had succeeded in breaking up most business trusts.

C. believed his reform program had largely been accomplished.

10. When it came to environmental issues, Theodore Roosevelt A. helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. B. was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

24. The 1912 presidential election was an ideological contest between A. conservatives and reformers. B. different types of progressivism. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

39. President Theodore Roosevelt defined "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations on the basis of A. race. B. economic development. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

42. As part of his Asian diplomacy, President Theodore Roosevelt A. signed a secret agreement with Japan to ensure continued American trade in Asia. B. sent a fleet of battleships to Japan as a show of American military power. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

49. In the early twentieth century, United States actions toward Mexico included A. encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government. B. a refusal to formally recognize the Huerta government. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C. both A and B

5. During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president A. he was a champion of labor unions. B. he made the breaking up of business combinations his highest priority. C. he believed that public opinion alone would eliminate most corporate abuses. D. his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry.

C. he believed that public opinion alone would eliminate most corporate abuses.

16. In 1908, Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president because A. the constitution prevented him from doing so. B. he had lost much of his public popularity. C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again. D. he was denied the nomination of his party.

C. in 1904 he had promised not to run again.

19. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 A. fulfilled a campaign promise President William H. Taft had made to Theodore Roosevelt. B. sharply lowered tariffs. C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives. D. resulted in a sudden decline in the national economy.

C. resulted in President William H. Taft losing favor with progressives.

38. The Supreme Court, in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act, A. demonstrated its support for President Wilson's political agenda. B. validated an expansion of Congressional authority. C. struck down reform legislation. D. displayed support for using federal authority to create social change.

C. struck down reform legislation.

47. The policy idea behind "Dollar Diplomacy" was A. to create stable governments in less developed nations. B. to reduce the deployment of troops from the United States to other nations. C. to extend investments by the United States in less-developed regions. D. to financially reward Latin nations that supported the interests of the United States.

C. to extend investments by the United States in less-developed regions.

29. The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff A. represented a political setback for President Wilson. B. reduced foreign competition in the United States' domestic markets. C. was intended to weaken the power of business trusts. D. had little economic impact on the nation.

C. was intended to weaken the power of business trusts.

31. In 1913, a major reform of American banking was achieved with the creation of the A. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. B. Economy Act. C. Federal Securities Act. D. Federal Reserve Act.

D. Federal Reserve Act.

23. In the presidential campaign of 1912, A. President William H. Taft won all of the Republican presidential primaries. B. President William H. Taft won renomination after a bitter fight at the convention. C. Theodore Roosevelt eventually threw his support to Woodrow Wilson. D. Theodore Roosevelt ran on a third-party ticket.

D. Theodore Roosevelt ran on a third-party ticket.

25. In the 1912 presidential election results A. President William H. Taft came in last of the four major candidates. B. Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college. C. Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt. D. Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

D. Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

33. The Federal Trade Commission Act A. defined the standard for "unfair trade practices." B. helped businesses increase their trade markets. C. failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior. D. determined whether business practices were acceptable to the government.

D. determined whether business practices were acceptable to the government.

9. Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle encouraged the federal government to regulate the A. railroad industry. B. steel industry. C. housing industry. D. meatpacking industry.

D. meatpacking industry.

15. The Panic of 1907 was caused by A. the collapse of the United States Steel corporation. B. the economic policies of President Theodore Roosevelt. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

18. As president, William Howard Taft A. angered many conservatives with his activism. B. generally pleased progressives. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

2. When Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency in 1901 A. he was relatively unknown within the Republican Party. B. Republicans-party leaders were confident they could control him. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

35. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson A. supported the woman suffrage movement. B. opposed racial segregation in federal agencies. C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

D. neither A nor B

6. In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt A. sided with the miners. B. sided with the mine owners. C. ordered in federal troops to keep the peace. D. ordered federal arbitration.

D. ordered federal arbitration.

43. The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary" A. was invalidated by the Supreme Court during the Wilson administration. B. stated that neighboring countries had to adhere to U.S. policy in times of war. C. was created as a result of a military crisis in Cuba. D. stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.

D. stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.

40. President Theodore Roosevelt's policies in regard to Asia were intended A. to favor Japan. B. to favor Russia. C. to create American dominance there. D. to prevent any single nation from being dominant.

D. to prevent any single nation from being dominant.

48. The diplomatic efforts by President Woodrow Wilson towards Latin America A. were decidedly non-expansionist. B. curtailed the use of the military as a tool of diplomacy. C. became known as the "good neighbor" policy. D. were similar to Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.

D. were similar to Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.