Chapter 22: Wireless Networking

Yagi

"_______" antennas increase gain in a specific direction and reduce gain in all the other directions.

802.11ac

"_________" is a natural expansion of the 802.11n standard, incorporating even more streams, wider bandwidth, and higher speed.

Bluetooth

"_____________" wireless technology is designed to create small wireless networks preconfigured to do very specific jobs.

Dipole antennas

"_________________" look like a stick, but inside they have two antenna arms or poles aligned on the antenna's axis

Class 3

"__________________" bluetooth has a max power of 1 milliwatt and a max distance of 1 meter.

Class 2

"__________________" bluetooth has a max power of 2.5 milliwatts and max distance of 10 meters.

Class 1

"__________________" bluetooth has a maximum power of 100 milliwatts and a max distance of 100 meters.

Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO)

"_____________________" gives a WAP the ability to broadcast to multiple users simultaneously.

wireless repeaters extenders

"____________________________" which can receive and re-broadcast your Wi-Fi signal

300 feet

802.11b standard supports a maximum range of "______" under ideal conditions

54 Mbps, 300-foot

802.11g offers data transfer speeds equivalent to 802.11a, up to "_________", with the wider "__________" range of 802.11b.

band, channels

A "___________" is a contiguous range of frequencies that is usually divided up into discrete slices called "____________".

cellular wireless network

A "________________" enables you to connect to the Internet through a network-aware smartphone, tablet, or other mobile device.

Basic Service Set (BSS)

A single WAP servicing a given area

WPA2, backward compatible

All current WAPs and wireless clients support "______" and most routers have a "___________________" mode for the handful of client devices that still use first generation WPA

802.11a

An 802.11ac WAP is backward compatible with 802.11b, g, and n. The exception to this is "_________", which requires a 5 GHz radio, meaning only 802.11ac and dual-band 802.11n WAPs are backward compatible with "_________" devices.

radio frequency (RF), gain, decibels (dB)

An antenna strengthens and focuses the "__________________" output from a WAP. The ratio of increase—what's called "________"—is measured in "_____________".

polarization

Antennas and the signals that they transmit have an electromagnetic property called "_____________".

wireless adapter configuration utility, WAP's firmware version

Because you've already checked to confirm your hardware is using the correct drivers, what kind of software-related problems are left? Two things come immediately to mind: the "__________________________" and the "_________________________".

check for updates

Before configuring your WAP for your users to access it, you should "___________________".

Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

Communication through infrared devices is implemented via the "________________" protocoL

changing the default SSID and disabling SSID broadcast on the WAP

CompTIA lists "______________________________________" as steps for securing a new wireless network.

802.11n

Each of these versions of 802.11 uses one of the two bands, with the exception of "_________", which uses one but may use both.

permissions related

For example, if they can browse the Internet but can't access any shared resources on a server, they're probably experiencing a "________________________" issue rather than a wireless one.

power

Generally, the faster and further a device sends data, the more "__________" it needs to do so

wireless locator, Wi-Fi analyzers

If you want to know whether your local café, bookstore, airport, or other public place has a Wi-Fi access point (a hotspot), you can use a "_________________" or a "_______________", can also be installed as an app on a Wi-Fi smartphone.

2.4 GHz

In an area with overlapping signals, most of the traffic (at least as of this writing) will be on the "______________" frequency.

4 Mbps

Infrared devices are capable of transferring data up to

transmit beamforming

Many 802.1 ln WAPs employ "__________________________", a multiple-antenna technology that helps get rid of dead spots or at least make them not so bad.

incorrect configuration, low signal strength

Most wireless connectivity problems come down to either an "___________________" or "________________________".

big exclamation point, downward facing arrow

Open Windows Device Manager and look for an error or conflict with the wireless adapter. If you see a "_____________________________" next to the device, you have a driver error. A "_________________________" next to the device indicates that it has been disabled.

802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac

Over the years, the original 802.11 standard has been extended to "________", "__________", "_________", "_______" , and "________" variations used in Wi-Fi wireless networks.

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

The 802.11-based wireless technologies broadcast and receive on one of two radio bands: "______________________".

11 Mbps

The 802.11b standard supports data throughput of up to

multiple in multiple out (MIMO)

The 802.11n specification requires all but hand-held devices to use multiple antennas to implement a feature called "___________________________________", which enables the devices to make multiple simultaneous connections .

600 Mbps

The official 802.11n standard supports throughput of up to "____________", although practical implementation drops that down substantially.

SSID, IP address

The only requirements in an ad hoc mode wireless network are that each wireless node be configured with the same "_______________________" and that no two nodes use the same "__________________".

vertical, horizontal

The worst connection strength between WAPs and clients happens when one has "_______________" antennas and the other has "__________________".

5 GHz

To avoid device density issues 802.11ac only uses the "_________" band.

factory antennas

To increase the signal in an omni-directional and centered setup, simply replace the "_____________"

dual band

To use "_____________", you need a more advanced (and more expensive) WAP that runs at both 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz simultaneously; some support 802.11a devices as well as 802.11b devices.

IEEE 802.11

Today, Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows support the full "___________" standard, more commonly known as Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2}, to lock down wireless networks.

hotspot, tethering

Turning your phone into a WAP is known as creating a "__________"; using it to bridge to the cellular network is called "____________".

Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)

Two or more wireless nodes communicating in ad-hoc mode

IP address

Typically, you open a Web browser on a networked computer and enter the WAP's default "__________________", such as 192.168.1.1, to bring up the configuration page.

browser based setup utility

WAPs have an integrated Web server and are configured through a "_____________________________".

flaw that makes it extremely vulnerable to attack

WEP encryption includes a

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

WPA also offers security enhancements over WEP such as an encryption key integrity-checking feature and user authentication through the industry-standard "______________________________".

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)

WPA uses the "_________________________", which provides a new encryption key for every sent packet.

push button, password or code

WPS works in one of two ways. Some devices use a "_____________", and others use a "__________________".

standard that the wireless devices use, distance between wireless nodes, Interference caused by solid objects and other wireless devices operating in the same frequency range

Wireless networking data throughput speeds depend on several factors, notably.

802.11n, 802.11ac

With dual-band "_______" and "_________" WAPs, you can choose which band to put traffic on: either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz.

wireless NIC's properties

You can see the speed and signal strength on your wireless network by looking at the "____________".

administrative password

You will need to supply an "__________________________", included with your WAP's documentation, to log in to the browser-based setup utility

MAC address filtering

a method that enables you to limit access to your wireless network based on the physical, hard-wired address of the units' wireless NIC.

Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)

a standard included on most WAPs and clients to make secure connections easier to configure.

802.11g

came out in 2003, taking the best of 802.1la and b and rolling them into a single standard.

wireless access point

centrally connects wireless network nodes in the same way that a hub connects wired Ethernet PCs.

Ad hoc mode

is sometimes called peer-to-peer mode, with each wireless node in direct contact with every other node in a decentralized free-for-all

1 meter

maximum distance between infrared devices is

Extended Basic Service Set (EBSS).

multiple WAP's servicing a given area

service set identifier (SSID)

parameter also called the network name, defines the wireless network. Always change the default SSID to something unique, and change the password right away.

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

protocol addresses the weaknesses of WEP and acts as a security protocol upgrade to WEP.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

protocol to attempt to ensure that data is secured while in transit over the airwaves.

(SOHO)

small office/home office

MAC address filtering, authentication, and data encryption

three methods to secure access to the network itself and secure the data being transferred

infrastructure mode

use one or more WAPs to connect the wireless network nodes to a wired network segment

802.11b

was the first standard to take off and become ubiquitous in wireless networking.

power over ethernet

you only need to plug a single Ethernet cable into the WAP to provide both power and a network connection.