CHAPTER 23 EXAM
Which step of glucose metabolism yields the greater amount of ATP?
electron transport system
What is a nutrient pool?
an accessible source of substrates for a cell
The citric acid cycle
begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid
What is glucose storage stimulated by?
insulin
ATP synthase uses released energy to make
ATP
Which of the following body systems is not involved in capturing or creating energy that is used to maintain one's metabolism?
integumentary
All of the following take place during the absorptive state except
ketone bodies begin to form
True or False: During aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid continues to the ETC
false
Lipogenesis generally begins with
acetyl-CoA
Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe
all of the above - elevated levels of glucocorticoids - ketone bodies in his urine - lowered blood pH
How does the body make energy?
all of the above - ingestion - digestion
The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are the
chylomicrons
Where does the TCA or Krebs cycle occur?
mitochondria
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?
pyruvate
True or False: Glycogenolysis is the synthesis of glycogen
false
True or False: If in excess, HDL will deposit cholesterol in arteries (plague formation).
false
All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state except that
levels of blood glucose are elevated
The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are
lipids
The sum of all of the biochemical processess going on within the human body at any given time is called
metabolism
In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the
movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Reactions within _______ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell
the mitochondria
In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is ________, yielding a different amino acid
transferred to another molecule
Amino acids are used by all cells for
translation
The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces
urea
Urea is formed in the
liver
What is the primary fuel used by cells to make ATP?
glucose
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of
essential fatty acids
Of the 20 amino acids, __________ are essential amino acids that the body either cannot synthesize or that cannot be produced in amounts sufficient for growing children
10
Glyc,oytic breakdown of glucose first results in ______ molecules
2 pyruvate
___________ creates 90 percent of the ATP normally generated.
Oxidative phosphorylation
True or False: Energy is stored in chemical bonds.
True
In the ETS, _________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another
a coenzyme or a cytochrome
The process that catalyzes fatty acids using enzymes that generate acetyl-CoA is called
beta-oxidation
Cells do not synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons?
creation of essential amino acids
Which of the following is not true of lipoprotein lipase?
decreases the breakdown of fatty acids
Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for all of the following except
diffusion
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called
essential fatty acids
What raises blood sugar levels?
glucagon
All of the following are reasons why glucose is the primary energy source for cells except
glycogen breakdown occurs very slowly
During the postabsorptive state, which of the following enhances the effects of glucocorticoids?
growth hormone
When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the ________ state
postabsorptive
The function of the citric acid cycle is to
remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes