Chapter 23: Nutrition and Metabolism

______________ fiber cannot be broken down in our digestive system, but can be used as a food source for the bacteria living in our large intestine.

soluble

The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA results in the formation of what product?

CO2

Match each nutrient with its classification.

Carb- Macro Mineral-Micro Lipid- Macro Water- Macro Protein-Macro

Which of the following commonly added ingredients to some foods is not a form of soluble fiber?

Cellulose

Which of the following lipoproteins is the main delivery system for triglycerides in the body?

Chylomicron

For vitamins X and Y, the daily need is 150mg. The bioavailability of vitamin X is 45% and that of vitamin Y is 20%. Considering this information, which of the following statements is correct?

Daily intake for vitamin Y is higher than vitamin X.

Ashley regularly eats 1800 kcals per day. Ashley decides that she wants to see how healthy her diet is, so she begins to keep a food journal. By using the nutrition labels on the foods, she discovers that she eats about 90g of fat each day. What percentage of her calorie intake comes from fat?

Each gram of fat is equal to 9 Cal, so if she eats 90 grams of fat/day, this is equal to 9*90 or 810 Cal. If she eats 1800 Cal/day, 810 Cal is 45%.

Match the nutrient with its chemical classification.

1. Carb (O) 2. Mineral (InO) 3.Vitamin (O) 4. Lipid (O) 5. Water (InO)

Match the food with the carbohydrate it provides.

1. Celery (Fiber) 2. Bread (Starch) 3. Strawberry (Fructose) 4. Ice Cream (Galactose)

A cheeseburger from McDonalds has 300 kcals, contains 12g of fat, 33g of carbohydrate, and 15g of protein. How many kcals come from fat in a cheeseburger from McDonalds?

12*9= 108

Stearic acid is one of the most common fatty acids associated with steak and chicken. It has 18 carbons. How many ATP can be generated from the complete metabolism of stearic acid?

135

Mary is an active 26-year-old woman. She is 5'5" tall and weighs 130lbs. What is Mary's estimated energy requirement?

2398

It is recommended that no more than 10% of your daily calorie intake come from saturated fat. If you consume a 2200 kcals/day diet, what is the maximum amount of saturated fat you should consume each day?

24g

What is the BMI of a young women 62" tall and 140 lbs in weight?

25.6

Harry is 5ft 10 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds. What is his BMI?

25.8

Given the nutrition label in Figure 23.6; how many Calories come from the protein in this product?

28

How many ATP can be obtained by the complete metabolism of a glucose molecule?

36

How many kcals are in 1 gram of carbohydrate?

4

Tom weighs 200lbs, but his ideal weight based on his height is 150lbs. Currently, Tom eats about 2500 kcals per day. He decides to cut his calorie intake to 2000 kcals per day. At this rate, how long will it take Tom to lose 50lbs?

50 weeks;A pound of adipose is equal to 3500 Cal. Tom wants to lose 50 lbs or 3500*50 Cal, or 175,000 Cal. A dietary loss of 500 Cal/day would require 350 days to lose 175,000 Cal, or 50 weeks.

According to MyPlate, what percentage of your grain consumption should be whole grains?

50%

According to MyPlate, what percentage of your plate should be occupied by fruits and vegetables?

50%

To extract energy from the lipid metabolism, lipids must be first broken down into?

AcetylCoA

A non-essential nutrient is one that you must consume to stay healthy.

False

Which of the following has the highest caloric value per gram.

Fats

All the following are a function of carbohydrates, except:

Form part of the cell membrane bilayer

From the choices below, which would represent a dinner that best follows the MyPlate recommendations?

Garden salad with low-fat dressing, grilled chicken breast, a whole-wheat dinner roll, apple slices, and a glass of low-fat milk

Which of the following hormones triggers the desire to eat?

Ghrelin

Which step in glucose catabolism does not require oxygen?

Glycolysis

Jenny is an active 20-year-old who is 5'5" tall and weighs 140 pounds. At this weight, her EER is 2493 kcals/day. Jenny suffered a knee injury and is no longer able to exercise like she used to. How will this affect her EER?

Her EER will decrease.

After a physical and some blood tests, Jenny learns that her blood sugar is 125 mg/dL. Which hormone is she deficient in?

Insulin

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Iodine

The following amino acids are needed to make protein B: histidine, leucine, threonine, and valine. All the amino acids needed are present except for valine. This amino acid represents a ___________.

Limiting amino acid

Which of the following is the main delivery system for cholesterol to body cells?

Low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following is not a main function of protein?

Main source of energy for the cell

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

Maltose

Which of the following is considered a simple carbohydrate?

Maltose

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

Mineral

Jenny regularly consumes 2300 kcals per day. She eats about 80g of protein per day. Is she getting an acceptable amount of protein in her diet each day?

No

The following amino acids are needed to make protein A: histidine, arginine, alanine, serine, and leucine. During protein synthesis, the cell runs out of serine and protein synthesis stops. Histidine represents a(n):

Non-essential amino acid

Emmitt is 6ft tall and weighs 225lb. Which of the following categories does Emmitt's BMI put him in?

Obesity class I

From the choices below, which would represent a breakfast that best follows MyPlate recommendations?

One slice whole wheat toast, one hard-boiled egg, one banana, and a glass of non-fat milk

Which of the following would be lowest in cholesterol?

Peanut butter

As you begin to eat a large double cheeseburger and French fries, your stomach begins to stretch. Which hormone will be released into the circulation?

Peptide YY

Which of the following lipids functions as an emulsifier?

Phospholipids

Which of the following would occur during the post-absorptive state?

Proteolysis

What are the products of glycolysis?

Pyruvate

Which of the following steps in glucose catabolism produces the most carbon dioxide?

Pyruvate oxidation & The citric acid cycle

Which of the following amino acids is not an essential amino acid?

Serine

Which of the following are functions of nutrients?

Structural building blocks for cells and tissues

Which of the following best describes the thermic effect of food?

The amount of energy needed to maintain an awake state

Match the vitamin with its primary function.

VC: Helps build connective tissue VK: Plays role in blood clotting VE: Antioxidant VB: Works as coenzyme for ATP production VA: Needed for perception of light at the retina

Which of the following vitamins is a fat soluble vitamin?

Vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the blood clotting process?

Vitamin K

For proteins to be used as fuel in the cell they must undergo a process called ______________.

deamination

A diet high in sodium may put you at risk for developing ______________.

hypertension

When there is insufficient carbohydrate in the diet needed to break down fatty acids, ______________ will develop and accumulate in the blood.

ketones