chapter 23 quiz

By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain.

Buenos Aires

By 1810, when the first independence movements were formed in the viceroyalty of La Plata, the porteños were:

Creoles living in Buenos Aires who favored independence from Spain

José Antonio Aponte, head of a Yoruba confraternity ( cabilde) in __________, led an abortive revolt against Spanish control in 1812.

Havana

Mexico refused to recognize Texan national independence, and the state of Texas entered the United States in ___________.

1845

Porfirio Díaz dominated the Mexican government between 1876 and 1880, and again between 1884 and ________.

1911

Simón Bolívar's "Gran Colombia" encompassed the modern states of _______________.

Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama

Slavery ended in Brazil in _________.

1888

The family of Simón Bolívar owned _______ plantations worked by African slaves and was engaged in colonial trade.

cacao

José de San Martín trained the Army of the _______ and, with this army, liberated Chile from royalist forces in 1818.

Andes

Spurred by the development of European politics and influenced by waves of immigrants from Spain and Italy, two major urban opposition parties took shape in 1890s Argentina, the Radical Party and the __________.

socialists

______________ ended slavery in Brazil in 1888

the central government

Despite many diverging interests, Argentina and Brazil were allies in the Paraguayan War of 1864-1870:

to maintain the traditional policy of keeping Paraguay and Uruguay weak

In 1811, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla:

was captured and executed by loyal Spanish forces

In urban areas, ________ frequently ran shops, managed markets, were proprietors of cantinas, and performed a host of skilled and unskilled jobs, particularly in the textile and food trades.

women

Under the leadership of _______________, the Mexican Revolution was ended late in 1920.

Álvaro Obregón

The Execution of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, June 19, 1867, was painted by __________.

Édouard Manet

The ____________ was the site of the showdown between Mexican forces and Texans intent on independence.

Alamo

In __________, nearly one-third of the population consisted of immigrants, a share much higher than at any time in the United States.

Argentina

The first Amerindian to accede to the office of President of Mexico was:

Benito Juárez

Juana Azurduy de Padilla played an instrumental role in the establishment of the nation of ________.

Bolivia

When the _________ in 1849 authorized warships to enter Brazilian waters to intercept slave ships, the importation of slaves virtually ceased.

British

______________ virtually ended the importation of slaves to Brazil.

British warships

In 1810, the New Granadans created juntas, or committees, among which the junta of _________ was the most important, and they drove the colonial Spaniards from their positions.

Cartagena

Landowners of self-sufficient plantations in many parts of Latin America supported governmental ____________, the same kind of authoritarian and paternalistic form of action that they practiced on their estates.

Caudillismo

As a result of its winning the War of the Pacific (1879-1884), _________ gained access to rich nitrate deposits and mining cities.

Chile

In 1822, __________ proclaimed, "Independence or death!" thereby making Brazil an independent kingdom.

Dom Pedro I

_______________ was a European-backed emperor of Mexico from 1864-1867.

Maximilian

Who launched the movement for independence in New Spain (modern Mexico)?

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

From his base of operations in _________, in south-central Mexico, Emiliano Zapata began to occupy sugar plantations and distribute plantation land to his campesinos (laborers and tenant farmers).

Morelos

Gran Colombia was divided in 1831 into its component parts, which included all of the following except:

Peru

The ______ loss of the War of the Pacific (1879-1884) resulted in the annexation of some of its territory and mines, together with the destruction wrought by the enemy's troops.

Peruvian

The ambitious plans of Chile's president José Manuel Balmaceda Fernández fell apart as soon as 1891, due to:

a coup against him, led by conservative landowners, and his subsequent suicide

The constitution introduced by Dom Pedro I of Brazil in 1823:

concentrated powers in the emperor's hands

In the five years after the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian economy _____________.

expanded

Generally speaking, the 19th century Latin American economy revolved around _______.

exports

The Paraguayan War of 1864-1870 resulted in the loss of _______ the Paraguayan population.

half

No fewer than a dozen quilombo (_________) revolts occurred in Brazil's Bahia during 1807-1828, revolts which militias found difficult to crush, given their conditions.

independent settlements in the interior

Coffee, rubber, and sugar exports yielded high profits and taxes in Brazil until 1896, when:

overproduction of coffee resulted in diminishing returns

The proclamation of a Brazilian republic resulted in which two political constituencies?

provincial federalism vs. supporters of a strong central presidency

When Latin American republics declared their independence, the Popes in Rome:

refused to recognize their independence, concerned with the power of naming bishops

The economies of most Latin American nations, with the exception of Argentina and Peru, were characterized by a ___________ in the late 1800s.

reliance on one commodity only and a lack of diversification