chapter 24 and 27 multiple choice

Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. A) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones B) carbohydrate utilization increases C) structural proteins are used as a potential energy source D) ketone bodies are formed

A

Characteristics of the mature sperm include the ________. A) presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm B) absence of coiled mitochondria C) absence of an acrosome D) presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm

A

Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________. A) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones B) helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation C) helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs D) enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered

A

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. A) fallopian tubes B) ovary C) vagina D) uterus

A

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. A) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid B) conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water C) conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water D) formation of sugar

A

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________. A) they have the same number of chromosomes B) they have the same degree of motility C) about the same number of each is produced per month D) they are about the same size

A

If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur B) half the diploid number with no change in development C) triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to triple and normal development would not occur D) There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.

A

In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________. A) identical B) fraternal C) of different sexes D) dizygotic

A

Lipogenesis occurs when ________. A) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high B) excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane C) there is a shortage of fatty acids D) glucose levels drop slightly

A

Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A) dehydrogenases and oxidases B) phosphatases and kinases C) synthetases and lipases D) kinases and phosphorylases

A

Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________. A) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation B) contraction of uterine muscles C) development of the female secondary sex characteristics D) secretory activity of the uterine myometrium

A

Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. B) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. C) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation. D) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow.

A

The primary function of the uterus is to ________. A) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum B) synthesize female hormones C) protect the ovaries D) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles

A

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. A) fallopian tubes B) infundibula C) Graafian follicles D) fimbriae

A

Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state? A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. B) No metabolism occurs. C) Only glucose metabolism occurs. D) Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones.

A

Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A) oxidative phosphorylation B) oxidation-reduction reactions C) oxidation reactions D) substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Which of the following statements about sperm is not true? A) The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail. B) They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients. C) The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes. D) They are sluggish in an alkaline environment.

A

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation? A) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. B) There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood. C) Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction muscles. D) There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system.

A

All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the ________. A) increasing mass of the skeleton B) development of testes as opposed to ovaries C) lowering of the voice D) development of body hair

B

An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about ________ days before ovulation. A) 85 B) 110 C) 28 D) 14

B

Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. A) causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies B) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones C) elevates glucagon levels D) builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state

B

Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. A) starvation period B) absorptive state C) period when the metabolic rate is lowest D) postabsorptive state

B

In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________. A) formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes B) production of energy C) production of some hormones D) production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies

B

It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because________. A) all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization B) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients C) very few foods contain vitamins D) vitamins provide protection against the common cold

B

Loss of heat in the form of infrared waves is termed ________. A) convection B) radiation C) conduction D) evaporation

B

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. B) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. C) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg. D) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.

B

Spermiogenesis involves the ________. A) formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium B) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm C) sequence of events in the rete testis D) movement of sperm in the female genital tract

B

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n B) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell C) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only D) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced

B

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. A) sustentacular cells B) interstitial cells C) spermatogonia D) spermatocytes

B

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________. A) smoking C) sexually transmitted infections B) nondescent of the testes D) a diet high in fat

B

The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. A) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals B) break down food molecules and generate ATP C) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body D) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body

B

The term metabolic rate reflects the ________. A) loss of energy to perspiration B) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities C) loss of organic molecules in urine D) energy needed to make all organic molecules

B

The term metabolism is best defined as ________. A) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories B) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy C) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats D) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day

B

What is the outcome of ketosis? A) water retention and edema B) metabolic acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) glucogenesis E) glycogen buildup

B

When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine ismostly________. A) acetyl CoA B) urea C) ammonia D) ketone bodie

B

Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH? A) ICSH B) inhibin C) testosterone D) ACTH

B

Which of the choices below is not a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body? A) ATP production B) conversion to a nucleic acid C) amino acid synthesis D) lipogenesis E) glycogenesis

B

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina? A) is the birth canal B) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte C) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse D) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow

B

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) testosterone B) GnRH C) LH D) FSH

B

Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. B) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. C) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes. D) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.

B

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? A) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids. B) Each spermatid forms two sperm. C) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. D) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.

B

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? A) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones. B) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. C) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. D) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.

B

Which of the following statements best describescomplete protein? A) meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet B) must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth C) derived from meat and fish only D) derived only from legumes and other plant material

B

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? A) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer. B) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system. C) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation. D) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.

B

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false? A) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms. B) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. C) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males. D) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.

B

31) Vitamins are organic compounds. They ________. A) are classified as water-soluble or protein-soluble classes B) are all water-soluble and absorbed with water from the digestive tract C) often function as coenzymes to assist in catalysis D) may serve as building blocks

C

Dietary fats are important because they ________. A) contribute significantly to the health of the skin B) keep blood pressure normal C) help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins D) help prevent the common cold

C

Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ____ A) glycogen is formed B) glycogen is broken down to release glucose C) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors D) glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water

C

How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? A) Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm. B) Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum. C) They move away from the pelvic cavity. D) They move close to the pelvic cavity.

C

Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. A) blood B) kidneys C) liver D) muscles

C

Select the correct statement about testosterone control. A) The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone control. B) FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone. C) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. D) Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary.

C

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. A) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development. B) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation. C) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. D) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.

C

Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A) The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8. B) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. C) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. D) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.

C

Spermatogenesis ________. A) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule B) results in the formation of diploid cells C) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes D) uses mitosis to produce gamete cells

C

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________. A) parasympathetic nerves B) luteinizing hormone C) the bulbospongiosus muscles D) the dartos muscle

C

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. A) enzymatic activity B) hormonal action C) peristaltic contractions D) gravity

C

The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ________. A) acetyl CoA B) fat C) glucose D) cellulose

C

The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. A) fatty acids B) phospholipids C) triglycerides D) cholesterol

C

The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________. A) spermatocytes B) interstitial cells C) sustentacular cells D) spermatogonia

C

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur? A) FSH B) progesterone C) LH 98) The brain-testicular axis

C

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) vesicular follicle growth B) development of endometrial cells C) corpus luteum D) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline

C

Which of the choices below is not a part of the brain-testicular axis? A) hypothalamus B) anterior pituitary gland C) testes D) thalamus

C

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? A) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation B) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus C) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion D) maximal LH secretion and menstruation

C

Which of the following will occur after ovulation? A) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. B) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans. C) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. D) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.

C

Why is the blood-testis barrier important? A) because immature sperm cells lose their motility when they encounter any blood component B) because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa C) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system D) Actually, the blood-testis barrier has no function.

C

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________. A) be impotent (unable to have an erection) B) have impaired function of interstitial cells C) not develop secondary sex characteristics D) be sterile

D

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________. A) increased spermatogenesis B) excessive beard growth C) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland D) decreased testosterone secretion

D

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. A) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle B) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation C) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation D) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

D

Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events? A) that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy B) the suppression of inhibin C) that human gonadotropin be synthesized in the first week of the pregnancy D) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth

D

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________. A) LH reaches its highest levels C) estrogen reaches its highest levels B) the Graafian follicle forms D) progesterone levels are at their highest

D

Effects of estrogen include ________. A) increased oiliness of the skin C) growth of the larynx B) deepening of the voice D) growth of the breasts at puberty

D

Erection of the penis results from ________. A) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands B) a sympathetic reflex C) dilation of the veins in the penis D) a parasympathetic reflex

D

Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase B) blood levels of FSH fall off C) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

D

Peptides called NPY and AgRP ________. A) serve as indicators of the body s total energy stores B) are the set points which maintain total energy content C) are intestinal hormones secreted during food digestion D) are powerful appetite enhancers

D

Prostate cancer is _______. A) the number-one cause of death in men B) often the result of a distortion of the urethra C) most common in Asians D) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient

D

The brain-testicular axis ________. A) involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis B) is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function C) involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones D) involves FSH and LH release

D

The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________. A) DNA synthesis B) cytokinesis C) mitosis D) meiosis

D

The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? A) They contract to allow ejaculation. B) They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens. C) They are responsible for penile erection. D) They regulate the temperature of the testes.

D

The duct system of the male reproductive system includes the ________. A) urethra B) ductus deferens C) epididymis D) corpus spongiosum

D

The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. A) fat utilization B) lipogenesis C) gluconeogenesis D) lipolysis

D

Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________. A) converted to urea B) converted to ammonia C) transferred to acetyl CoA D) transferred to a keto acid

D

Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation B) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis C) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain D) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

D

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone? A) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis B) stimulates the male pattern of development C) stimulates protein synthesis D) stimulates mammary gland development

D

Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen? A) the pituitary B) the prostate C) the bulbourethral glands D) the seminal vesicles

D

Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? A) The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization. B) The ampulla is the narrow constricted region. C) The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length. D) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary.

D

Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heat-promoting center? A) sympathetic sweat gland activation B) increase in ADH production C) vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels D) release of epinephrine

D

the suspensory ligament and mesovarium are part of the _____ ligament

broad

the enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by removing hydrogen are specifically called

dehydrogenases

the process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid molecules is called

glycolysis

describe the composition and functional roles of semen

semen is a fluid mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands). The liquid provides a transport medium for nutrients and contains chemicals that protect sperm and facilitate their movement.

the erectile tissue around the urethra is the corpus

spongiosum

surgical cutting of the ductus deferens as a form of birth control is called a

vasectomy