Chapter 24: Digestive System
CORRECT 12 : Successive contraction of constrictor muscles occurs and the epiglottis covers the opening in the larynx. This describes a. the voluntary phase of swallowing. b. the esophageal phase of swallowing. c. the mastication reflex. d. the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. e. the regurgitation reflex. The correct answer is d Your answer is d
Feedback : Correct Answer: During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing there is successive contraction of the constrictor muscles and the epiglottis covers the opening in the larynx.
CORRECT 5 : All of these are retroperitoneal organs EXCEPT the: a. duodenum. b. kidneys. c. rectum. d. stomach. e. urinary bladder. The correct answer is d Your answer is d
Feedback : Correct Answer: The stomach is not a retroperitoneal organ. The retroperitoneal organs include the duodenum, the pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, kidneys, adrenal glands, and the urinary bladder.
CORRECT 37 : Which of these hormones causes contraction of the gall bladder? a. cholecystokinin b. gastrin c. gastric inhibitory polypeptide d. secretin e. zymogen
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: Cholecystokinin causes contraction of the gallbladder.
CORRECT 30 : Gastrin secretion is stimulated by a. duodenal pH greater than 3. b. secretin. c. cholecystokinin. d. gastric inhibitory polypeptide. e. all of these
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: Gastrin secretion is stimulated by duodenal pH greater than 3.
CORRECT 36 : All of these are enzymes that digest protein EXCEPT a. lipase. b. carboxypeptidase. c. chymotrypsin. d. pepsin. e. trypsin.
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: Lipase digests lipids not proteins. Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin all digest proteins.
CORRECT 22 : The most nutrient absorption takes place in the a. duodenum and jejunum. b. stomach and duodenum. c. jejunum and ileum. d. esophagus and stomach. e. ileum and cecum.
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: Most nutrient absorption takes place in the duodenum and jejunum.
CORRECT 25 : The acini of the pancreas produce a. digestive enzymes. b. glucagon. c. insulin. d. mucus. e. both b and c
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: The acini of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes.
CORRECT 33 : Which of these inhibits secretion and motility of the stomach? a. enterogastric reflex b. parasympathetic stimulation c. gastrin d. intrinsic factor e. distention of stomach wall
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: The enterogastric reflex, consisting of a local reflex and a reflex integrated within the medulla oblongata, inhibits gastric secretion and motility. It results from distension of the duodenal wall, presence of irritating substances in the duodenum, reduced pH and hypertonic or hypotonic solutions in the duodenum.
CORRECT 4 : The mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall is the a. greater omentum b. lesser omentum. c. omental bursa. d. mesentery proper. e. parietal peritoneum.
The correct answer is a Your answer is a Feedback : Correct Answer: The greater omentum is the mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall.
CORRECT 17 : Besides capillaries, villi also contain lymphatic vessels called a. gastric glands. b. lacteals. c. plicae circulares. d. muscularis mucosae. e. haustra.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: Each villus contains blood capillaries and a lymphatic capillary called a lacteal.
CORRECT 21 : Arrange these parts of the small intestine in order from largest number of villi and circular folds to smallest number of villi and circular folds.<br></br> <br></br> 1. duodenum<br></br> 2. ileum<br></br> 3. jejunum<br></br> a. 1,2,3 b. 1,3,2 c. 2,1,3 d. 2,3,1 e. 3,2,1
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: In sequence, the parts of the small intestines having the largest number of villi and circular folds to those having the least are: 1, 3, 2.
CORRECT 31 : The "pyloric pump" describes a. food movement through the esophagus into the stomach. b. chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine. c. undigested food moving through the ileocecal valve. d. feces moving through the internal anal sphincter. e. gastrin, HCl, and pepsinogen being secreted from duodenal glands.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The "pyloric pump" describes the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
CORRECT 38 : All of these occur in the large intestine EXCEPT: a. large numbers of bacteria utilize undigested food. b. fatty acids are absorbed. c. vitamin K is produced. d. sodium and water are absorbed. e. mucus is produced.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The absorption of fatty acids does not occur in the large intestine; however, the utilization of undigested food by bacteria, the production of vitamin K, the absorption of water and sodium, and mucus production all occur in the large intestine.
CORRECT 9 : The center of the tooth, which is filled with blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, is called the a. gingiva. b. pulp. c. cementum. d. dentin. e. enamel.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The center of the tooth, called the pulp, is filled with blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue.
CORRECT 6 : The muscles responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue, moving it from side to side and changing its shape are the a. buccinator and masseter muscles. b. extrinsic tongue muscles. c. intrinsic tongue muscles. d. masseter and temporalis muscles.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The extrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue, moving it from side to side and changing its shape.
CORRECT 29 : The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the a. cephalic phase. b. gastric phase. c. intestinal phase. d. colic phase.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during the gastric phase.
CORRECT 23 : All of these are functions of the liver EXCEPT: a. biotransformation of molecules. b. production of digestive enzymes. c. storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins, and iron. d. synthesis of bile. e. synthesis of blood components.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The liver functions in the biotransformation of molecules, the storage of glycogen, fat, vitamins and iron, the synthesis of bile, and the production of blood components. It does not function in the production of digestive enzymes.
CORRECT 10 : The largest pair of salivary glands, which produce mostly watery saliva, are the a. laryngeal glands. b. parotid glands. c. pharyngeal glands. d. sublingual glands. e. submandibular glands.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands; they are serous glands producing mostly watery saliva.
CORRECT 26 : Given these structures: <br></br><br></br> 1. cecum<br></br> 2. descending colon<br></br> 3. rectum<br></br> 4. sigmoid colon<br></br> 5. transverse colon <br></br><br></br> Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order food passes through them from the small intestine to the anus. a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 1,5,2,4,3 c. 2,5,1,3,4 d. 3,1,5,2,4 e. 4,2,1,5,3
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The sequence of structures that food passes through from the small intestines to the anus is: 1, 5, 2, 4, 3.
CORRECT 1 : The thick connective tissue layer of the digestive tract that contains blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus is the a. mucosa layer. b. submucosa layer. c. muscularis layer. d. serosa (adventitia) layer.
The correct answer is b Your answer is b Feedback : Correct Answer: The submucosa is the thick connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, small glands, and a nerve plexus called the submucosal nerve plexus.
CORRECT 8 : Adults normally have __________ permanent teeth; children have __________ deciduous teeth. a. 36,36 b. 32,32 c. 32,20 d. 20,32 e. 20,20
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: Adults normally have 32 permanent teeth; children have 20 deciduous teeth.
CORRECT 34 : Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by a. stimulation of the sympathetic division of the ANS. b. amylase. c. chemical (acid) or tactile stimulation. d. gastric inhibitory polypeptide. e. the duodenocolic reflex.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: Duodenal gland secretion is stimulated by chemical (acid) or tactile stimulation.
CORRECT 13 : Parietal cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a. regulatory hormones. b. pepsinogen. c. HCl and intrinsic factor. d. mucus. e. bicarbonate ions.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: Parietal cells in the lining of the stomach produce intrinsic factor and HCL.
CORRECT 14 : Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called a. the muscularis layer. b. the pyloric sphincter. c. rugae. d. the fundus.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: Rugae are the mucosal folds that are formed when the stomach is empty.
CORRECT 11 : Saliva a. secretion (of the serous portion) is increased primarily by sympathetic stimulation. b. contains amylase, which digests cellulose. c. contains lysozyme, which has a weak antibacterial action. d. contains pepsin, which digests protein. e. all of these
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: Saliva contains lysozyme, which has a weak antibacterial action.
CORRECT 2 : The intramural plexus is associated with the a. somatic motor nervous system. b. afferent (sensory) division of the PNS. c. parasympathetic division of the ANS. d. sympathetic division of the ANS.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: The intramural plexus, consisting of the submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus, is associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
CORRECT 15 : The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are connected to ducts which enter the a. cecum. b. descending colon. c. duodenum. d. ileum. e. jejunum.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are connected to ducts that enter the duodenum.
CORRECT 28 : The mucosal lining of the large intestine contains predominantly a. absorptive cells. b. endocrine cells. c. goblet cells. d. granular cells. e. parietal cells.
The correct answer is c Your answer is c Feedback : Correct Answer: The predominant cell in the mucosal lining of the large intestine is the goblet cell.
CORRECT 24 : In the liver, blood from the __________ and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed. a. bile canaliculi b. central vein c. hepatic ducts d. hepatic portal vein e. hepatic vein
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: In the liver, blood from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery flow into the hepatic sinusoids and become mixed.
CORRECT 16 : Folds formed from the mucosa and submucosa that are perpendicular to the long axis of the duodenum are called a. intestinal glands. b. lacteals. c. microvilli. d. plicae circulares. e. villi.
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: Plicae circulares are the folds formed by the mucosa and submucosa that run perpendicular to the long axis of the duodenum.
CORRECT 27 : Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon are called a. haustra. b. epiploic appendages. c. intestinal glands. d. teniae coli. e. vermiform appendixes.
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: Teniae coli are the bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that run the length of the colon.
CORRECT 20 : The major duodenal papilla is a. a location for nutrient absorption in the duodenum. b. the opening for the accessory pancreatic duct in the duodenum. c. a large collection of villi in the jejunum. d. the opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla in the duodenum. e. the opening for the spleen in the colon.
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: The major duodenal papilla is the opening for the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the duodenum.
CORRECT 3 : Except in the upper esophagus and stomach, the muscularis layer of the digestive tract consists of a. one layer of skeletal muscle. b. one layer of smooth muscle. c. two layers of skeletal muscle. d. two layers of smooth muscle. e. one layer of smooth muscle and one layer of skeletal muscle.
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: The muscularis layer of the digestive tract typically consists of two layers of smooth muscle.
CORRECT 39 : Arrange these events in the order in which they occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport: <br></br> 1. chylomicrons enter lacteals<br></br> 2. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol coated with protein<br></br> 3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles<br></br> 4. bile salts emulsify fats<br></br> 5. lipase digests fat<br></br> a. 1,2,4,5,3 b. 2,5,4,3,1 c. 3,5,4,1,2 d. 4,5,3,2,1 e. 5,3,4,1,2
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: The sequence of events, which occur during fat digestion, absorption, and transport, is: 4,5,3,2,1.
CORRECT 18 : Given these sphincters: <br></br><br></br> 1. external anal sphincter<br></br> 2. ileocecal sphincter<br></br> 3. lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter<br></br> 4. pyloric sphincter <br></br><br></br>Arrange them in the order in which food passes through them. a. 1,3,2,4 b. 2,3,4,1 c. 2,1,3,4 d. 3,4,2,1 e. 4,2,1,3
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: The sequence of sphincters that food passes through is: 3,4,2,1.
CORRECT 40 : A major transport lipoprotein that has 92% lipid and 8% protein is a(n) a. Chylomicron. b. HDL (high-density lipoprotein). c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein). d. VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein).
The correct answer is d Your answer is d Feedback : Correct Answer: VLDL's are 92% lipid and 8% protein.
CORRECT 19 : Which of these cells is correctly matched with its function? a. absorptive cells-produce digestive enzymes b. endocrine cells-produce regulatory hormones c. goblet cells-produce protective mucus d. duodenal glands-produce protective mucus e. all of these are correct
The correct answer is e Your answer is e Feedback : Correct Answer: All of the cells listed are correctly matched with their function.
CORRECT 32 : Which of these conditions causes inhibition of gastric secretion? a. hypotonic or hypertonic solution in the duodenum b. distention of the duodenal wall c. pH less than 2 in the duodenum d. fats in the duodenum e. all of these
The correct answer is e Your answer is e Feedback : Correct Answer: Gastric secretion is inhibited by various conditions, they include: hypotonic or hypertonic solutions in the duodenum, distention of the duodenal wall, pH less than 2 in the duodenum and fats in the duodenum.
CORRECT 7 : The frenulum is part of the a. esophagus. b. muscles of mastication. c. lips. d. teeth. e. tongue.
The correct answer is e Your answer is e Feedback : Correct Answer: The frenulum is a thin fold of tissue that is part of the tongue. It anchors the tongue anteriorly to the floor of the mouth.
CORRECT 35 : The __________ secretes peptidases and disaccharidases, whereas the __________ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases. a. stomach, liver b. stomach, small intestine c. liver, small intestine d. liver, pancreas e. small intestine, pancreas
The correct answer is e Your answer is e Feedback : Correct Answer: The small intestine secretes peptidases and disaccharidases; the pancreas secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, and nucleases.
