Chapter 24 Gastrointestinal Chapter 27 Genitourinary

Which of the following types of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?

Hypertonic dehydration

The nurse is caring for an infant whose cleft lip was repaired. Important aspects of this infant's postoperative care include which of the following?

cleansing suture line, supine and side lying positions, arm restraints

Which of the following urine tests of renal function is used to estimate glomerular filtration?

creatinine

Inflammation of the bladder is called

cystitis

A newborn is admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The physician explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results. However, the mother refuses to see or hold her baby. Initial therapeutic approach to the mother should be which of the following?

encourage her to express her feelings

a child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. the nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show which of the following?

hematuria, proteinuria

Which of the following is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns?

hepatitis B vaccine

Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy

increased appetite

the nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child with nephrosis. The purpose of this is to detect an early sign of which of the following possible complications

infection

the nurse assessing an elevated sedimentation rate (ESR) for an infant with gastroenteritis, recognizes that this confirms the .... process that is part of this disease

inflammatory

where are Wilms tumors (nephroblastomas) located?

kidney

Excessive vomiting can result in which of the following in an infant with pyloric stenosis?

metabolic alkalosis

A three year old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. The nurse should recognize that preparing this child psychologically is

necessary because it will be an adjustment

the nurse uses a diagram to show how the .... ,the working unit of the kidney, filters and regulates fluids

nephron

Which of the following best describes acute glomerulonephritis

occurs after a streptococcal infection

which of the following are the primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure?

oliguria and hypertension

The narrowing of preputial opening of foreskin is called

phimosis

the diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes

salt restriction

Which of the following factors predisposes the urinary tract to infection?

short urethra in young girls

Which type of hernia has an impaired blood supply to the herniated organ?

strangulated hernia

When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which of the following is a sign of perforation?

sudden relief from pain

Therapeutic management of most children with Hirschsprung disease is primarily which of the following?

surgical removal of affected section of bowel

A 4 month old infant has GER but is thriving without other complications. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?

thicken formula with rice cereal

Hypospadias refers to which of the following?

urethral opening along ventral surface of penis

which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

water and sodium retention

Which of the following should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls?

wear cotton underpants

the nurse is teaching the parent of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis about the childs diet. which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

you will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food

one of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost. which of the following best describes this term?

deposits of urea crystals on skin

During the first few days after surgery for cleft lip, the nurse should do which of the following?

remove restraints periodically to cuddle infant

Which of the following is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that may involve any part of the GI tract from the mouth to anus?

Crohn disease

Therapeutic management of the child with acute diarrhea and dehydration usually begins with which of the following?

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weigh loss, lethargy, and tachycardia. This is suggestive of which of the following?

Dehydration

The nurse is caring for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula. Nursing care should include which of the following?

Elevate head but give nothing by mouth

A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child will begin with

Intravenous (IV) fluids

What type of dehydration is defined as dehydration that occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced proportion?

Isotonic dehydration

Which of the following is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?

Rotavirus

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?

abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point

the nurse explains that because .... beverages cause diuresis, they are not good choices for fluid replacement in a child who is dehydrated

caffeinated

the nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as a sing of hyperkalemia?

cardiac arrhythmia

a hospitalized child with nephrosis is receiving high doses of prednisone. which of the following is an appropriate nursing goal related to this?

prevent infection

Which of the following is an objective of care for the child with nephrosis

reduce excretion of urinary protein

A histamine receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered for an infant with GER. The purpose of this is to

reduce gastric acid production

the nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. this is most likely the result of which of the following?

reduction of edema