Chapter 24 homework

Which of the following is a common sample collected to diagnose pertussis?

A throat swab inserted through the nose

An outbreak of pneumonia occurs in a wing of a hospital housing kidney-transplant patients. The source of infection is traced to the water supply of the air conditioner. This case describes transmission of which of the following?

Legionella pneumophila

A 20-year-old male is hospitalized with a 4-day history of cough and a temperature of 41°C. Chest sounds are dull to percussion. A sputum Gram stain is non-diagnostic. A blood culture is positive for gram-positive cocci in pairs. The recommended treatment is with __________.

penicillin

The walled-off lesions in lung tissue formed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are called __________.

tubercles

A patient has a rapid onset of fever, chills, labored breathing, and sore throat. He recently returned from Mexico, where he drank local water and stayed in an air-conditioned room. Several weeks ago, he purchased a parrot. After a physical exam, his physician prescribes tetracycline. What is the cause of the patient's illness?

Chlamydia psittaci

A 22-year-old American woman working in southern Ukraine is hospitalized with a sore throat. Physical examination of the throat reveals a tonsillar and posterior pharyngeal membrane. What is the etiology?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

The DTaP immunization is for __________.

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

Which of the following statements is NOT true of tuberculosis?

Infection has been greatly reduced because of mass immunization.

__________ grows in water in air-conditioning units.

Legionella pneumophila

Which of these answers describes normal microbiota of the respiratory system?

Microbial antagonism maintains a balance among the normal microbiota.

Which of the following best describes why antibiotic administration is inappropriate for most of the common upper respiratory tract infections?

Most are caused by viruses.

The following sequence occurs during the initiation of tuberculosis. What is the first step?

Mycobacteria reproduce in macrophages.

A 90-year-old patient is diagnosed with pneumonia. Microscopic examination shows a bacterial agent that lacks cell walls. What is the etiological cause of the patient's pneumonia?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Some respiratory diseases are best diagnosed by a gram-stained smear and/or culture, while others are best diagnosed by specific antigen testing or by detecting IgM antibodies. Which of the following respiratory diseases is best diagnosed by doing a specific IgM titer?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A 7-year-old female has a 1-week history of fever, sore throat, and headache. Which pathogen would most likely grow from her throat culture?

Streptococcus pyogenes

All of the following statements about influenza are true EXCEPT:

The etiologic agent is Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcal sore throat is best diagnosed by __________.

enzyme immunoassay

One of the most serious infections of the upper respiratory system is __________.

epiglottitis

The frequency of influenza epidemics is associated with the __________.

frequency of mutations in viral genes for envelope spikes

An 81-year-old female has a mass in her lower-left lung. Her tuberculin skin test is negative. Microscopic examination of her lung biopsy reveals large, ovoid cells. The patient has __________.

histoplasmosis

A 30-year-old homeless male is examined for a persistent cough with sputum production. He is HIV-positive and has a low CD4+ count. Acid-fast rods grow from sputum. The recommended treatment is with __________.

isoniazid and rifampin

Defenses against microbial infection in the lower respiratory system include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

microbial antagonism

The __________ stage of pertussis is characterized by intense mucus production and violent coughing.

paroxysmal

All of the following cause lower respiratory tract infections EXCEPT __________.

rhinovirus

The __________ have at least 113 antigenic types and are the most common agent of colds.

rhinoviruses

A(n) __________ disease is one where recovery will usually occur without medical intervention.

self-limiting

Large-scale changes in influenza envelope proteins, such as those found in the H5N1 strain, are due to re-assortment between different strains. This is called antigenic __________.

shift

An effective vaccine does NOT exist for the common cold, because __________.

there are likely over 200 agents that cause the common cold

A physician receives a lab report indicating that acid-fast bacilli were found in sputum from a patient with a lower respiratory tract infection. The physician suspects __________.

tuberculosis

One of the most important reasons to diagnose and treat strep throat is that __________.

untreated strep throat may contribute to the development of rheumatic fever

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a frequent cause of pneumonia in children and young adults, is called __________ pneumonia.

walking

If you mix a patient's serum, toxin, and mammalian cells and the cells survive, you know the patient has antibodies against __________.

C. diphtheriae toxin

__________ causes respiratory disease mostly in infants under the age of two.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Which of the following organisms typically cause the common cold?

Rhinoviruses

Which of the following bacteria is most commonly found to cause otitis media?

S. pneumoniae

A patient has a high fever and displays a strawberry-like appearance of her tongue. Which of the following is she likely suffering from?

Scarlet fever

A 54-year-old woman has diphtheria caused by a toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium ulcerans. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the production of toxin by C. ulcerans?

It carries the same bacteriophage as C. diphtheria.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of diphtheria?

`It is readily treated with antibiotics.

Which of the following diseases spreads rapidly and may cause extensive abscess formation and tissue destruction?

Blastomycosis

Which of these diseases has symptoms that could be due to endotoxin?

Haemophilus pneumonia

A 45-year-old male demolition worker is hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness. Yeast cells are seen in microscopic examination of a lung biopsy, and a mold is cultured. What is the etiology?

Histoplasma capsulatum

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

Pleura

A 35-year-old male is hospitalized for cough, fever, and shortness of breath. He is HIV-positive. Bronchial washings reveal cysts. What is the etiology?

Pneumocystis

Which one of the following is a zoonosis?

Psittacosis

An 85-year-old man has been experiencing weight loss, night sweats, and a dry cough for several months; recently, he has begun coughing up sputum with tinges of blood in it. Following a chest X-ray showing some white spots on his lungs, an AFB stain and culture were ordered, and both were positive for the presence of AFB. He has been PPD positive since his twenties. Which of the following most accurately describes his current situation?

Reactivation tuberculosis

A positive tuberculin skin test can indicate all of the following information about the patient EXCEPT what?

The patient was near someone with tuberculosis.

Which of the following diseases does NOT belong with the others?

Tuberculosis

Which of the following is the best technique to prevent nosocomial transmission of legionellosis?

Use sterile water in respiratory therapy equipment.

Which of the following descriptions does NOT pertain to mycoplasmal pneumonia?

Usually a life-threatening illness in adolescence

Pertussis is characterized by __________.

a whooping type cough