chapter 24 urinary

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

1%

How many segmental arteries enter each human kidney?

5

Which of the following describes secretion?

An active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries.

Why is blood pressure in the glomerulus higher than in other capillary beds?

Arterioles are high-resistance blood vessels, and the efferent glomerular arteriole is narrower than the afferent glomerular arteriole.

Which of the following is the description of major calices?

Branching extensions of the renal pelvis

Which of the following is the description of renal medulla?

Consists of cone-shaped pyramids

Which of the following pathways best depicts the correct flow of blood through the kidneys?

Cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, and renal vein

Which of the following describes filtration?

Fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron.

Which of the following is the description of ureter?

Muscularis consists of inner longitudinal and outer circular layers.

An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

an increase in the production of ADH.

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla? collecting duct distal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule glomerulus

collecting duct

what region of the nephron has receptors that are sensitive to ADH

collecting duct

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the

cortex

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

cortical

The function of the collecting duct is to

determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.

glomerulus

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.

hilum

Which vessels lie within the renal columns?

interlobular arteries

The micturition center is located in the

pons of the brain stem.

In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the

terminal nephron loop.

An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is

transitional

Each ureter begins superiorly, at which vertebral level?

L2

Which of the following description of resorption?

Most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries.

Which of the following is the histological description of nephron loop (thin segment)?

Walls formed by simple squamous epithelial cells

An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that

the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

Which of the following events occur when the posterior pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules become more permeable to water, which results in water being resorbed into blood vessels. A decreased volume of urine is produced.

The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

have the same basic function as transitional epitheliumaccommodating stretch as the bladder fills.