chapter 24

145) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla? 145) A) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid B) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids C) stimulates gastric secretion D) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum E) causes gallbladder to contract

D

157) Functions of the large intestine include 157) A) most of the chemical breakdown of food. B) production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. C) secretion of vitamins. D) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. E) absorption of bile salts.

D

173) The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves 173) A) osmosis. B) phagocytosis. C) diffusion. D) cotransport. E) pinocytosis.

D

187) The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a A) pill. B) chunk. C) morsel. D) bolus. 187) E) chime.

D

189) After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as A) bolus. B) segments. C) chunk. D) chyme.E) feces.

D

195) Pancreatic juice enters the small intestine at the 195) A) cystic duct. B) pyloric sphincter. C) hepatic duct. D) duodenal papilla. E) ileocecal valve.

D

A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is A) gingivitis. B) parotiditis. C) dysphagia. D) mumps. E) polyps.

D

174) Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on 174) A) cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. B) sodium-linked cotransport. C) the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. D) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. E) All of the answers are correct.

E

177) The circumferential folds that encircle the digestive tract are known as 177) A) adventitia. B) rugae. C) muscularis externa. D) serosa. E) circular folds.

E

183) The first teeth to appear are the ________ teeth. A) temporary B) transitory C) transitional D) provisional E) deciduous

E

198) The clinical term for the gas produced by bacteria in the colon as they metabolize indigestible carbohydrates is called A) vapors. B) wind. C) fumes. D) gust. E) flatus.

E

199) The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides is A) saccharase. B) lipase. C) rennin. D) lactase. E) amylase.

E

147) Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? 147) A) pancreatic juice B) bile C) gastric juice D) intestinal juice E) saliva

A

162) At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the 162) A) descending colon. B) transverse colon. C) sigmoid colon. D) rectum. E) ascending colon.

A

167) The enzyme amylase digests A) polysaccharides. B) triglycerides. C) peptides. D) nucleotides. E) disaccharides.

A

171) Which of the following is false concerning the process known as cotransport? A) Only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported. B) ATP is not required by the transport protein. C) More than one molecule or ion is moved through the cell membrane at one time. D) Molecules can be moved against a concentration gradient.

A

191) The ________ duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. 191) A) common bile B) pancreatic C) duodenal D) hepatopancreatic E) gastric

A

192) Your patient with liver failure has a firm, rounded abdomen due to accumulation of fluid. This is 192) known clinically as A) ascites. B) cirrhosis. C) hepatitis B. D) hepatitis C. E) gastritis.

A

194) The middle segment of the small intestine is called the 194) A) jejunum. B) hilum. C) duodenum. D) cecum. E) ileum.

A

202) People who lack the enzyme ________ often experience GI upset after consuming milk and other 202) dairy products. A) lactase B) maltase C) galactase D) lipase E) sucrase

A

203) Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called A) micelles. B) countertransporters. C) varicosities. D) vesicles. E) chylomicrons.

A

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted by the small intestine each day. A) 2 B) 10 C) 1 D) 20 E) 7

A

146) Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by 146) A) trypsin. B) bicarbonate from the pancreas. C) water that was ingested with the food. D) bile from the liver. E) enzymes from the intestinal crypts.

B

156) Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called 156) A) haustral churning. B) mass movements. C) segmentation. D) defecation. E) pendular movements.

B

158) At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the 158) A) ascending colon. B) transverse colon. C) sigmoid colon. D) rectum. E) descending colon.

B

160) Haustra are 160) A) glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus. B) expansible pouches of the colon. C) the source of colon hormones. D) compact feces stored in the rectum. E) strips of muscle in the colon.

B

165) Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A) segmentation B) mass C) writhing D) peristaltic E) pendular

B

169) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the A) duodenum. B) mouth. C) ileum. D) stomach. E) esophagus.

B

170) If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate 170) is probably A) cellulose. B) lactose. C) maltose. D) glycogen. E) sucrose.

B

175) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? 175) A) stimulates gastric secretion B) causes gallbladder to contract C) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids D) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid E) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum

B

180) The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the 180) A) soft palate. B) uvula. C) pharyngeal tonsil. D) tongue. E) palatine tonsil.

B

182) The oral cavity is also known as the ________ cavity. A) lingual B) buccal C) digestive D) gingivae E) pharyngeal

B

186) The technical term for chewing is A) deglutition. B) mastication. C) segmentation. D) peristalsis. E) borborygmus.

B

188) Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the A) oral mucosae. B) oropharynx. C) sublingual space. D) oral vestibule. E) buccal cavity.

B

190) Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by ________ large fat droplets. A) dehydrating B) emulsifying C) combining D) binding E) anabolizing

B

The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the 163) A) appendix. B) cecum. C) sigmoid colon. D) haustra. E) rectum.

B

159) Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the 159) A) sigmoid colon. B) anal canal. C) rectum. D) rectal column. E) anus.

C

161) The taenia coli are 161) A) ridges in the mucosa of the colon. B) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon. C) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. D) tears of the colon. E) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon.

C

164) A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the A) pancreas. B) haustra. C) appendix. D) gallbladder. E) ileum.

C

166) The defecation reflex involves A) conscious control of both the internal and external anal sphincters. B) sympathetic nerves. C) relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters. D) relaxation of the ileocecal valve to move feces into the rectum. E) parasympathetic nerve control from sacral nerves.

C

168) An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is A) amylase. B) nuclease. C) trypsin. D) lipase. E) maltase.

C

172) Products of fat digestion are transported initially by 172) A) capillaries. B) veins. C) lymphatic vessels. D) the arterioles. E) the interstitial fluid.

C

176) Which of the following is true regarding lactose intolerance? 176) A) The enzyme maltase begins to digest lactose. B) Lactose-intolerant infants cannot digest dairy fat and are at risk of starvation. C) The intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase. D) The person cannot digest any type of monosaccharide. E) The stomach produces inadequate amounts of lactase.

C

178) Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. 178) A) deglutition B) ingestion C) digestion D) mastication E) secretions

C

179) The oral cavity performs (a) ________ prior to swallowing. 179) A) taste scrutiny B) humidity investigation C) sensory analysis D) volume evaluation E) pH examination

C

193) Identify the incorrect pairing. 193) A) gallbladder; stores bile B) pancreas; secretes amylases C) liver; produces intrinsic factor D) esophagus; transports material to stomach E) stomach; has an alkaline lining

C

196) The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ________ cells that produce digestive 196) enzymes. A) mucosal B) smooth muscle C) exocrine D) hepatic E) gastric

C

197) In the large intestine the wall has three strips of longitudinal muscle called the 197) A) muscularis mucosa. B) muscularis interna. C) taenia coli. D) haustral bands. E) muscularis externa.

C

200) Maltose is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by the enzyme A) sucrase. B) galactase. C) maltase. D) dextrase. E) lactase.

C

201) Sucrose is hydrolyzed by sucrase into glucose and A) maltose. B) lactose. C) fructose D) glucose.. E) galactose.

C