Chapter 25 plus free bonus sections

Which of the following cities had more than two million people in 1850? a. Birmingham b. Liverpool c. Glasgow d. London

d. London

In what way did the new middle class change British society? a. The power structure in London shifted class in society. b. The middle class became the new ruling from the city to the country. c. Aristocrats and wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class. d. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.

d. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society

Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800's? a. In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine. b. The Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground. c. The Supreme Court of the United States objected to a federal child labor law. d. The Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers.

d. The Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers.

What is the laissez-faire policy? a. a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their industry b. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from industry owners c. a policy that taught owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government standards d. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

d. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

Which of the following is an example of a reform movement? a. abolition of slavery b. women's rights c. public education d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What is the most probable reason for the population growth in all cities between 1800 and 1850? a. agricultural revolution b. Industrial Revolution c. new middle class d. railroads

d. railroads

Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system? a. protect the nation's industries from foreign b. establish minimum wages and maximum competition working hours c. give government complete control of the means of production d. refuse government interference in either domestic or international economic matters

d. refuse government interference in either domestic or international economic matters

4. Which of the following inventions was entirely dependent on the invention of the steam engine? a. the cotton gin b. the water frame c. the spinning jenny d. the railroad locomotive

d. the railroad locomotive

When Belgium and Germany began to industrialize on a large scale, they looked primarily to the United States for guidance.

England or Britain

Which of the following states had the fewest miles of railroad track in 1890? a. Illinois b. Texas c. Florida d. California

I can't freaking tell. its either California or Florida

By 1800, the largest city in Europe was Berlin.

London

How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class? a. regarded highly b. looked down upon c. saw as equals d. saw as outcasts

b. looked down upon

Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations? a. Adam Smith b. John Stuart c. Jeremy Bentham Mill d. William Wilberforce

a. Adam Smith

Which two cities had approximately the same population in 1800? a. Birmingham and Liverpool c. Glasgow and Liverpool' b. Edinburgh and Glasgow d. Edinburgh and Birmingham

a. Birmingham and Liverpool

Which cities had fewer than 100,000 people in 1800? a. Birmingham, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow b. London, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow c. Birmingham and Glasgow d. Liverpool and Edinburgh

a. Birmingham, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow

How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations? a. It was the driving force behind imperialism. b. It weakened economic ties between nations. c. Industrialized nations exploited their overseas colonies for slaves. d. All of the above are true

a. It was the driving force behind imperialism.

What impact did technological advances have on industry? a. Production of goods was increased. b. Quality of products was decreased. c. Number of factory workers decreased. d. All of the above are true.

a. Production of goods was increased.

How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to industrialize? a. The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries. b. Materials left over from the war influenced new American inventions. c. British prisoners from the war greatly increased the U.S. workforce. d. Under the Treaty of Ghent, Britain assisted in U.S. industry.

a. The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries.

In which region were there no railroads in 1840? a. West b. Midwest c. Northeast d. Southeast

a. West

9. Samuel Crompton, James Hargreaves, Robert Fulton, and Edmund Cartright were all significant a. inventors. b. reformers. c. philosophers. d. entrepreneurs.

a. inventors.

What were the three factors of production required for industrialization? a. land, labor, capital b. government, military, colonies c. raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods d. road, railway, and water transport

a. land, labor, capital

8. During the 1800s, the major difference in the ways that men and women were treated in American factories was that women were a. paid much lower wages than men. b. permitted to work only in textile mills. c. not allowed to work as many hours as men. d. not allowed to operate dangerous machinery.

a. paid much lower wages than men

How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization? a. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress b. positively, by Britain allowing women and children to work long hours and grow wealthy c. negatively, by Britain's decision to forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country d. negatively, by Britain's overseas expansion, which took jobs away from the British citizens

a. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress

What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms? a. unions b. strikes c. collective bargaining d. utilitarianism

a. unions

How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists? a. with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations b. with ideas of an economy supported by tariffs on foreign goods c. with ideas that the elite had a responsibility to give to charities d. all of the above

a. with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations

Approximately how many miles of tracks were laid from northern Washington to the southernmost point in California? a. 2,500 b. 1,000 c. 550 d. 100

b. 1,000

Which three cities more than tripled in population? a. London, Edinburgh, Glasgow b. Birmingham, Liverpool, Glasgow c. Liverpool, London, Edinburgh d. Edinburgh, Liverpool, Birmingham

b. Birmingham, Liverpool, Glasgow

Which of the following shows the cities ranked from smallest to largest in 1850? a. London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Birmingham, Edinburgh b. Edinburgh, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London c. Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London, Edinburgh d. Edinburgh, Liverpool, Birmingham, Glasgow, London

b. Edinburgh, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London

Which of the smaller cities showed the most population growth between 1800 and 1850? a. Birmingham b. Liverpool c. Edinburgh d. Glasgow

b. Liverpool

Which region of the country had the most miles of railroad track in 1890? a. East Coast b. Midwest c. West d. Pacific Coast

b. Midwest

Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should a. leave the economy alone. b. actively plan the economy. c. destroy the economy. d. allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoise.

b. actively plan the economy.

25 What was the Industrial Revolution? a. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields b. an increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700's c. widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked long hours d. increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s

b. an increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700's

Adam Smith is known for his defense of a. socialism. b. capitalism. c. communism. d. utilitarianism.

b. capitalism

With which of the following is Karl Marx most closely associated? a. laissez-faire economics b. communism c. utilitarianism d. trade unionism

b. communism

In the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between a. government and unions. b. employers and employees. c. communists and capitalists. d. political and financial leaders.

b. employers and employees.

5. "Macadam" roads had an advantage over earlier roads in that they were a. wider. b. firmer. c. straighter. d. cheaper to build.

b. firmer.

Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country? a. long working hours b. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions c. inadequate housing d. excessive garbage

b. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions

What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe? a. poor crop yields b. industrialization c. improved living conditions in cities d. more efficient transportation systems

b. industrialization

Which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism? a. Socialism and communism are two words for the same ideology. b. Socialism and communism are two completely different and unrelated ideologies. c. Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property. d. Communism gives control of a country to its people and socialism gives control of industry to the people.

c. Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property.

Which of the following cities had the fewest people in 1800 and again in 1850? a. Birmingham b. Liverpool c. Edinburgh d. Glasgow

c. Edinburgh

10. Which of the following was the first to abolish slavery? a. Cuba b. Brazil c. England d. the United States

c. England

Which of the following cities had about 320,000 people in 1850? a. Birmingham b. Liverpool c. Glasgow d. Edinburgh

c. Glasgow

What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto? a. Working classes worldwide demanded a b. Marx and Engels's predictions proved "dictatorship of the proletariat." correct as economic forces alone ruled society. c. In the 1900's, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin. d. During 1848 and 1849 revolts shook Europe but were suppressed.

c. In the 1900's, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin.

What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods? a. It enabled the mining industry to work more efficiently without the need for workers. b. It allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through English canals. c. It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level. d. All of the above are true

c. It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? a. It created technology to clean them. b. It made them lose valuable sources of food. c. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply. d. It made the crime rate drop.

c. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.

In which two directions did railroads transport goods and people in the West in 1890? a. north and south b. south and east c. east and west d. west and south

c. east and west

When the trade union movement began in Britain, the strike was an illegal action taken against a. child laborers by factory owners. b. union workers by factory owners. c. factory owners by union workers. d. non-union workers by union workers.

c. factory owners by union workers.

What did Britain do to keep industrial secrets from the United States? a. blockaded the United States from engaging in international trade b. sent messengers with misleading information to the United States c. forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country d. charged impossible fees for the secrets to industrialization

c. forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country

2. All early factories had to be located a. at or above sea level. b. near a source of lumber. c. near a source of energy. d. on or near a major railway line.

c. near a source of energy.

What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation? a. complete ownership of branch corporations b. free goods produced by the corporation c. not personally responsible for its debts d. all of the above

c. not personally responsible for its debts

Karl Marx described socialism as the final phase of history in which society would be classless and the means of production would be owned by all.

communism

How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization of Continental Europe? a. Trade was halted in many parts of Europe. b. Communications between countries were interrupted. c. Inflation was on the rise in some areas of Europe, disrupting the economy. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial Revolution? a. Both endured long working hours. b. Both suffered job losses due to progress. c. Both lived in climates of social restructuring. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? a. It led to population growth. b. It increased food supplies. c. It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

Which of the following is a true comparison of the two maps? a. The railroad system in 1840 was less developed than that in 1890. b. The railroad system had 205,334 more miles of track in 1890 than in 1840. c. The railroad system in 1840 carried goods great distances but not as far as in 1890. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution? a. Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities. b. Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners. c. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain? a. It encouraged people to emigrate to other jobs. b. It eliminated hundreds of thousands of countries. c. It displaced England's agricultural and fishing industries. d. It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods.

d. It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods.

6. The Luddites were a group of British workers who took violent action to protest a. harsh factory discipline. b. unsanitary living conditions. c. dangerous working conditions. d. the use of labor-saving machinery.

d. the use of labor-saving machinery.

What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800's? a. to establish public schools. b. to limit the length of the workday. c. to abolish child labor in factories. d. to abolish slavery and the slave trade.

d. to abolish slavery and the slave trade.

In 1829, the port of Liverpool was connected to the industrial city of Manchester by a canal.

railroad

True/False The Industrial Revolution in both England and the United States began in the railroad industry.

textile

In Great Britain, as in the United States, the industrial Revolution encouraged the growth of the middle class.

true

In the 19th century, capitalists supported and defended laissez-faire policies.

true