Chapter 25 Shock

A colorless gas produced from burning coal or petroleum products that can be a potent bronchoconstrictor in asthmatics is: a. sulfur dioxide b. polycarbonate dioxide c. ozone d. carbon monoxide

A

A wet-bulb-globe temperature of 65 to 73 indicates a _______ risk level for physical activity participation. a. moderate b. extreme c. low d. high

A

The primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot weather is: a. to maintain plasma volume b. to satisfy thirst c. to maintain electrolyte balance d. to decrease peripheral blood flow

A

Frostbite occurs when the core temperature remains relatively constant but the shell temperature increases.

False

Shivering during hypothermia usually starts when core temperature drops below 90 F.

False

When the ozone level is moderate, individuals with respiratory conditions should stay indoors.

False

Acclimatization is the single most important factor in preventing the onset of heat illness and altitude sickness.

True

Although an individual may continually drink water throughout an exercise bout, less than 50% of fluid lost will be replenished.

True

Altitude mountain sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia.

True

Carbon monoxide interferes with the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level.

True

Individuals who reside in regions with high ozone levels may become desensitized to the irritating effects of ozone after repeated exposures.

True

Lack of acclimatization, use of diuretics, and sodium depletion in the normal diet can lead to heat cramps.

True

Miliaria rubra usually occurs in the axilla and groin areas.

True

In superficial frostbite, the skin feels hard.

False

Liquids at room temperature will empty from the stomach and small intestines significantly faster than cold liquids

False

The most common condition associated with lightning strike is cardiac asystole.

True

The severity of shock can vary depending on the age of the individual.

True

Women begin to sweat at higher skin and core temperatures and produce less sweat than men at comparable heat-exercise loads; however, they show a heat tolerance equivalent to that of men

True

Diets ___________ and _________ in salt can lessen the effects of altitude. a. high in carbohydrates, low b. low in carbohydrates, low c. low in fats, high d. high in protein, low

A

During a storm, all outdoor activities should end if the flash-to-bang time is within: a. 30 seconds b. 60 seconds c. 90 seconds d. 2 minutes

A

Raynaud's syndrome is most common in a. young females b. young males c. older females d. older males

A

The ________ as one ascends above sea level, making it more difficult to perform aerobic activity. a. density of air decreases b. percentage of oxygen decreases c. density of air increases d. percentage of carbon dioxide increases

A

The _________ maintains homeostasis within the body. a. hypothalamus gland b. thalamus gland c. medulla oblongata d. diencephalon

A

The most important factor for determining the effectiveness of evaporative heat loss is: a. relative humidity b. ambient temperature c. time of day d. solar radiant energy

A

As air temperature approaches body temperature and exceeds 30.6 C, __________becomes the major means of heat dissipation. a. conduction b. evaporation c. convection d. radiation

B

Fatigue, dizziness, confusion, rapid and shallow respirations, and rapid, weak pulse are signs of: a. heat stroke b. heat exhaustion c. heat cramps d. prickly heat

B

Shock that occurs from excessive blood or fluid loss leading to inadequate circulation and oxygen supply to all organs is termed: a. neurogenic b. hypovolemic c. metabolic d. cardiogenic

B

Which of the following is a sign of shock? Circle all answers that apply. a. constricted pupils b. shallow, irregular breathing c. rapid and weak pulse d. slow and bounding pulse e. extreme thirst f. deep, irregular breathing

B, C, E

During cold weather, body heat is gained through which of these mechanisms? Circle all answers that apply a. increased respirations b. increase in basal metabolism c. shivering d. thyroxine and epinephrine production e. progesterone and epinephrine production

BCD

Absorption of heat through the feet by standing on a hot artificial turf is an example of heat exchange termed: a. radiation b. convection c. conduction d. evaporation

C

Which of the following is not an accurate indicator of the need to hydrate during exercise? a. headache b. profuse sweating c. thirst d. dizziness

C

An athlete is not sweating, appears red or flushed, and has hot, dry skin. What condition might the athlete be experiencing? a. hypothermia b. heat exhaustion c. heat cramps d. heat stroke

D

Impairments in performance are noted when an athlete loses: a. 5 pounds b. 3 pounds c. 1 - 2 % body weight d. 2 - 3% body weight

D

In assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, which of the following would suggest inadequate hydration? a. light-colored urine of normal volume b. light-colored urine of above normal volume c. dark-yellow urine of normal volume d. dark-yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

D

Management for hyponatremia includes: a. topical antipuritics b. cool baths c. consuming salt tablets d. activation of EMS

D

Which of the following measures would help prevent the onset of hyperthermia? a. ingest a cola soda drink prior to exercising b. drink high-carbohydrate drinks to replenish energy supplies c. ingest water only after exercise is completed d. acclimate to the environment

D