Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation

When advising a morbidly obese client about the benefits of weight reduction, which statement would be most accurate to share? "All you need to do is stop drinking sodas and sugary drinks." "A 10-pound loss of weight can produce a decrease in blood pressure." "An increased waist-to-hip" ratio can lead to too much pressure on the liver and intestines." "If your leptin [hormone] level is too low, you are at increased risk for developing high BP."

"A 10-pound loss of weight can produce a decrease in blood pressure."

Which hypertensive individual is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential? 51-year-old man who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis Black man who leads a sedentary lifestyle 69-year-old woman with a diagnosis of cardiometabolic syndrome 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats

51-year-old man who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis

A 44-year-old female who is on her feet for the duration of her entire work week has developed varicose veins in her legs. What teaching point would her care provider be most justified in emphasizing to the woman? "Once you have varicose veins, there's little that can be done to reverse them." "Your varicose veins are likely a consequence of an existing cardiac problem." "If you're able to stay off your feet and wear tight stockings, normal vein tone can be reestablished." "The use of blood thinner medications will likely relieve the backflow that is causing your varicose veins."

"Once you have varicose veins, there's little that can be done to reverse them."

A 29-year-old pregnant woman who considers herself active and health conscious is surprised to have been diagnosed with preeclampsia in her second trimester. What should her care provider teach her about this change in her health status? "Hypertension is a common result of all the hormonal changes that happen during pregnancy." "This is likely a result of your nervous system getting overstimulated by pregnancy." "We don't really understand why some women get high blood pressure when they're pregnant." "Even though you're a healthy person, it could be that you have an underlying heart condition."

"We don't really understand why some women get high blood pressure when they're pregnant."

The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion? 140 mm Hg or higher 130 to 139 mm Hg 120 to 129 mm Hg 119 mm Hg or lower

140 mm Hg or higher

Which client will likely experience difficulty maintaining lipoprotein synthesis, resulting in elevated LDL levels? 55-year-old male admitted for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 44-year-old female admitted for hysterectomy due to cervical cancer with metastasis. 35-year-old client with history of hepatitis C and B with end-stage liver disease.

35-year-old client with history of hepatitis C and B with end-stage liver disease.

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension? A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest A 20-year-old pregnant client at 36 weeks' gestation A 42-year-old male client with history of pulmonary embolism A 70-year-old female client who has taken the same antihypertensive medication for 10 years

A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest

The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which initial sign of this condition? A pulsating mass in the abdomen Syncope The pulse is unobtainable in one or both arms Hemiplegia

A pulsating mass in the abdomen

Which is an accurate statement about acute arterial occlusion ? Infarction cannot occur without arterial occlusion. A quick forming arterial occlusion is more likely to cause tissue death. Most tissues require less than 3 minutes of hypoxia to undergo infarction. Most lung infarcts occur following occlusion of bronchial arteries.

A quick forming arterial occlusion is more likely to cause tissue death.

Which client should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension? A 78-year-old woman who has begun complaining of frequent headaches unrelieved by over-the-counter analgesics. An older adult client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom. A client whose vision has become much less acute in recent months and who has noticed swelling in her ankles. A client who has a history of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

An older adult client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom.

A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which has lead to a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What treatment option will be of greatest benefit to prevent further thrombus formation? Analgesics and use of a pneumatic compression device Massage followed by vascular surgery Frequent ambulation and the use of compression stockings Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg

Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg

A 70-year-old male client presents to the emergency department reporting pain in his calf that is exacerbated when he walks. His pedal and popliteal pulses are faintly palpable and his leg distal to the pain is noticeably reddened. The nurse knows that the client is likely experiencing which medical diagnosis/possible treatment plan listed below? Acute arterial occlusion that will be treated with angioplasty Raynaud disease that will require antiplatelet medications Atherosclerotic occlusive disease necessitating thrombolytic therapy Giant cell temporal arteritis that will be treated with corticosteroids

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease necessitating thrombolytic therapy

A 70-year-old male client presents to the emergency department reporting pain in his calf that is exacerbated when he walks. His pedal and popliteal pulses are faintly palpable and his leg distal to the pain is noticeably reddened. The nurse knows that the client is likely experiencing which medical diagnosis/possible treatment plan listed below? Acute arterial occlusion that will be treated with angioplasty Raynaud disease that will require antiplatelet medications Atherosclerotic occlusive disease necessitating thrombolytic therapy Giant cell temporal arteritis that will be treated with corticosteroids

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease necessitating thrombolytic therapy

A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. Reduce dietary sodium intake. Avoid aerobic physical activity. Stop smoking. Limit alcohol consumption.

Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. Reduce dietary sodium intake. Stop smoking. Limit alcohol consumption.

A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. The nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms? Papilledema and lethargy Headache and confusion Restlessness and nervousness Stupor and hyperreflexia

Headache and confusion

A nurse is evaluating hypertension risk factors with a client. Of the risk factors in the client's history noted, which risk factor(s) for hypertension is nonmodifiable? Select all that apply. race excessive alcohol consumption obesity family history stress

race family history

An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug? Dry mouth Restlessness Constipation Hypotension

Hypotension

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol? It has a low cholesterol content. It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. It transports cholesterol away from cells to the liver for excretion. It is associated with a low intake of saturated fats.

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

The nurse knows that vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) plays which role in blood pressure control? Decreases blood volume Increases osmolality of body fluids Produces prolonged increase in blood pressure Promotes retention of water

Promotes retention of water

A physiotherapist is measuring the lying, sitting, and standing blood pressure of a client who has been admitted to the hospital following a syncopal episode and recent falls. Which fact about the client best relates to these health problems? The client is male and has a history of hypertension. The client's cardiac ejection fraction was 40% during his last echocardiogram. The client has a history of acute and chronic renal failure. The client is 89 years old and takes a diuretic medication for his congestive heart failure.

The client is 89 years old and takes a diuretic medication for his congestive heart failure.

The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system? Hormonal activity Humoral influence The kidneys Neural mechanisms

The kidneys

Which most important complication of atherosclerosis can result in occlusion of small heart vessels? Ulceration Thrombosis Fatty streaks Fibrous plaque

Thrombosis

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement? apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities apply ice compresses to the site of the DVT hourly ensure that the client remains on bed rest massage legs to maintain blood flow

apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

When a person rises from a lying to a standing position, heart rate increases. Which physiologic trigger results in this increase in heart rate? decrease in the stretch of baroreceptors increase in carbon dioxide production vasoconstriction of the arteries in the lower extremities stimulation of chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries

decrease in the stretch of baroreceptors